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Original Articles

Renal Sodium Retention in Liver Disease

Pages 33-42 | Published online: 24 Jun 2015

Selected Reading

  • Epstein M: Hepatorenal syndrome: Emerging perspectives of pathophysiology and therapy (editorial). J Am Soc Nephrol 4:1735, 1994
  • Epstein M: Renal sodium handling in liver disease. In: The Kidney in Liver Disease, 4th ed, Epstein M (Ed). Hanley and Belfus, Philadelphia (in press)
  • Epstein M: Treatment of refractory ascites (editorial). N Engl J Med 321:1675, 1989
  • Epstein, M. Renal effects of head-out water immersion in humans: A 15-year update. Physiol Rev 72:563, 1992
  • Esler M et al: Increased sympathetic nervous activity and the effects of its inhibition with Clonidine in alcoholic cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 116:446, 1992
  • Ginès P et al: Paracentesis with intravenous infusion of albumin as compared with peritoneovenous shunting in cirrhosis with refractory ascites. N Engl J Med 325:829, 1991
  • Levy M: Pathophysiology of ascites formation. In: The Kidney in Liver Disease, 4th ed, Epstein M (Ed). Hanley and Belfus, Philadelphia (in press)
  • Pérez GO et al: Role of dialysis, hemofiltration, and other extracorporeal techniques in the treatment of the renal complications of liver disease. In: The Kidney in Liver Disease, 4th ed, Epstein M (Ed). Hanley and Belfus, Philadelphia (in press)
  • Schrier RW et al: Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: A proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. Hepatology 8:1151, 1988
  • Schwartz S et al: Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of torsemide in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 54:90, 1993
  • Somberg KA. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in the treatment of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome. In: The Kidney in Liver Disease, 4th ed, Epstein M (Ed). Hanley and Belfus, Philadelphia (in press)
  • Warner L et al: Atrial natriuretic factor in liver disease. Hepatology 17:500, 1993

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