212
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical features - Review

Brugada syndrome clinical update

, , , , , & show all
Pages 255-261 | Received 20 Nov 2020, Accepted 17 Mar 2021, Published online: 30 Mar 2021

References

  • Brugada J, Campuzano O, Arbelo E, et al. Present status of Brugada syndrome: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(9):1046–1059.
  • Quan XQ, Li S, Liu R, et al. A meta-analytic review of prevalence for Brugada ECG patterns and the risk for death. Med (United States). 2016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005643
  • Patel SS, Anees SS, Ferrick KJ. Prevalence of a Brugada pattern electrocardiogram in an urban population in the United States. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2009;32(6):704–708.
  • Di Diego JM, Cordeiro JM, Goodrow RJ, et al. Ionic and cellular basis for the predominance of the Brugada syndrome phenotype in males. Circulation 2002;106(15):2004–2011.
  • Brugada P, Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persistent ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: a distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. A multicenter report. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(6):1391–1396.
  • Wilde AAM, Antzelevitch C, Borggrefe M, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the Brugada syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2002. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-668X(02)93382-8.
  • Bayés De Luna A, Brugada J, Baranchuk A, et al. Current electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosis of Brugada pattern: a consensus report. J Electrocardiol. 2012;45(5):433–442.
  • Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M, et al. Executive summary: HRS/EHRA/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes. J Arrhythmia. 2014. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joa.2013.08.001.
  • Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549.
  • Meregalli PG, Tan HL, Probst V, et al. Type of SCN5A mutation determines clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss-of-function sodium channelopathies. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(3):341–348.
  • Smits JPP, Eckardt L, Probst V, et al. Genotype-phenotype relationship in Brugada syndrome: electrocardiographic features differentiate SCN5A-related patients from non-SCN5A-related patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(2):350–356.
  • Sumiyoshi M, Nakazato Y, Tokano T, et al. Sinus node dysfunction concomitant with Brugada syndrome. Circ J. 2005;69(8):946–950.
  • Francis J, Antzelevitch C. Atrial fibrillation and Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(12):1149–1153.
  • Nagase S, Hiramatsu S, Morita H, et al. Electroanatomical correlation of repolarization abnormalities in Brugada syndrome: detection of type 1 electrocardiogram in the right ventricular outflow tract. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(25):2143–2145.
  • Poli S, Toniolo M, Maiani M, et al. Management of untreatable ventricular arrhythmias during pharmacologic challenges with sodium channel blockers for suspected Brugada syndrome. Europace. 2018;20(2):234–242.
  • Therasse D, Sacher F, Petit B, et al. Sodium-channel blocker challenge in the familial screening of Brugada syndrome: safety and predictors of positivity. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14(10):1442–1448.
  • Chauveau S, Le Vavasseur O, Chevalier P. Delayed diagnosis of Brugada syndrome in a patient with aborted sudden cardiac death and initial negative flecainide challenge. Clin Case Rep. 2017;5(12):2022–2024.
  • Wolpert C, Echternach C, Veltmann C, et al. Intravenous drug challenge using flecainide and ajmaline in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2(3):254–260.
  • Dubner S, Azocar D, Gallino S, et al. Single oral flecainide dose to unmask type 1 Brugada syndrome electrocardiographic pattern. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013;18(3):256–261.
  • Cronin EM, Bogun FM, Maury P, et al. 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.03.002.
  • Baranchuk A, Nguyen T, Ryu MH, et al. Brugada phenocopy: new terminology and proposed classification. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2012;17(4):299–314.
  • Anselm DD, Baranchuk A. Terminological clarification of Brugada phenocopy, Brugada syndrome, and the Brugada ECG pattern: re. early repolarization pattern in patients with provocable Brugada phenocopy: a marker of additional arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2014;171(2):288.
  • Ṕrez RAR, Uchida AH, Schapachnik E, et al. Propofol infusion syndrome and Brugada syndrome electrocardiographic phenocopy. Cardiol J. 2010.17(2):130-5.
  • Lukas A, Antzelevitch C. Phase 2 reentry as a mechanism of initiation of circus movement reentry in canine epicardium exposed to simulated ischemia. Cardiovasc Res. 1996;32(3):593–603.
  • Nishizaki M, Sakurada H, Ashikaga T, et al. Effects of glucose-induced insulin secretion on ST segment elevation in the Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14(3):243–249.
  • Chen Q, Kirsch GE, Zhang D, et al. Genetic basis and molecular mechanism for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Nature. 1998;392(6673):293–296.
  • Sarquella-Brugada G, Campuzano O, Arbelo E, et al. Brugada syndrome: clinical and genetic findings. Genet Med. 2016;18(1):3–12.
  • Probst V, Wilde AAM, Barc J, et al. SCN5A Mutations and the role of genetic background in the pathophysiology of Brugada syndrome. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2009;2(6):552–557.
  • Mizusawa Y, Wilde AAM. Brugada syndrome. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2012;5(3):606–616.
  • Frustaci A, Russo MA, Chimenti C. Structural myocardial abnormalities in asymptomatic family members with Brugada syndrome and SCN5A gene mutation. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(14):11763.
  • Catalano O, Antonaci S, Moro G, et al. Magnetic resonance investigations in Brugada syndrome reveal unexpectedly high rate of structural abnormalities. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(18):2241–2248.
  • Nademanee K, Raju H, De Noronha SV, et al. Fibrosis, connexin-43, and conduction abnormalities in the Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(18):1976–1986.
  • Kabra N, Gupta R, Aronow WS, et al. Sudden cardiac death in Brugada syndrome. Cardiol Rev. 2020;28(4):203–207.
  • Yan GX, Antzelevitch C. Cellular basis for the Brugada syndrome and other mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis associated with ST-segment elevation. Circulation. 1999;100(15):1660–1666.
  • Milman A, Andorin A, Gourraud JB, et al. Profile of patients with Brugada syndrome presenting with their first documented arrhythmic event: data from the survey on arrhythmic events in BRUgada Syndrome (SABRUS). Heart Rhythm. 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.01.014.
  • Casado-Arroyo R, Berne P, Rao JY, et al. Long-term trends in newly diagnosed Brugada syndrome: implications for risk stratification. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(6):614–623.
  • Takigawa M, Noda T, Shimizu W, et al. Seasonal and circadian distributions of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2008;5(11):1523–1527.
  • Kasanuki H, Ohnishi S, Ohtuka M, et al. Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation induced with vagal activity in patients without obvious heart disease. Circulation. 1997;95(9):2277–2285.
  • Miyazaki T, Mitamura H, Miyoshi S, et al. Autonomic and antiarrhythmic drug modulation of ST segment elevation in patients with Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27(5):1061–1070.
  • Probst V, Denjoy I, Meregalli PG, et al. Clinical aspects and prognosis of Brugada syndrome in children. Circulation. 2007;115(15):2042–2048.
  • Sieira J, Dendramis G, Brugada P. Pathogenesis and management of Brugada syndrome. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13(12):744–756.
  • Shimizu W, Matsuo K, Kokubo Y, et al. Sex hormone and gender difference - Role of testosterone on male predominance in Brugada syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007;18(4):415–421.
  • Priori SG, Gasparini M, Napolitano C, et al. Risk stratification in Brugada syndrome: results of the PRELUDE (PRogrammed ELectrical stimUlation preDictive valuE) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59(1):37–45.
  • Van Dijk N, Boer KR, Colman N, et al. High diagnostic yield and accuracy of history, physical examination, and ECG in patients with transient loss of consciousness in FAST: the fainting assessment study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19(1):48–55.
  • Sieira J, Ciconte G, Conte G, et al. Asymptomatic Brugada syndrome: clinical characterization and long-term prognosis. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2015;8(5):1144–1150.
  • Gehi AK, Duong TD, Metz LD, et al. Risk stratification of individuals with the Brugada electrocardiogram: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2006;17(6):577–583.
  • Sroubek J, Probst V, Mazzanti A, et al. Programmed ventricular stimulation for risk stratification in the Brugada syndrome: a pooled analysis. Circulation. 2016;133(7):622–630.
  • Probst V, Veltmann C, Eckardt L, et al. Long-term prognosis of patients diagnosed with brugada syndrome: results from the finger Brugada syndrome registry. Circulation. 2010;121(5):635–643.
  • Matsuo K, Akahoshi M, Seto S, et al. Disappearance of the Brugada-type electrocardiogram after surgical castration: a role for testosterone and an explanation for the male preponderance? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003;26(7p1):1551–1553.
  • Mizusawa Y, Morita H, Adler A, et al. Prognostic significance of fever-induced Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2016;13(7):1515–1520.
  • Chockalingam P, Rammeloo LA, Postema PG, et al. Fever-induced life-threatening arrhythmias in children harboring an SCN5A mutation. Pediatrics. 2011;127(1):e239-e244.
  • Sommariva E, Pappone C, Martinelli Boneschi F, et al. Genetics can contribute to the prognosis of Brugada syndrome: a pilot model for risk stratification. Eur J Hum Genet. 2013;21(9):911–917.
  • Sarkozy A, Sorgente A, Boussy T, et al. The value of a family history of sudden death in patients with diagnostic type I Brugada ECG pattern. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(17):2153–2160.
  • Takagi M, Aonuma K, Sekiguchi Y, et al. The prognostic value of early repolarization (J wave) and ST-segment morphology after J wave in Brugada syndrome: multicenter study in Japan. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(4):533–539.
  • Morita H, Kusano-Fukushima K, Nagase S, et al. Atrial fibrillation and atrial vulnerability in patients with Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(8):1437–1444.
  • Kusano KF, Taniyama M, Nakamura K, et al. Atrial fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Relationships of gene mutation, electrophysiology, and clinical backgrounds. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(12):1169–1175.
  • Brugada J, Brugada R, Brugada P. Determinants of sudden cardiac death in individuals with the electrocardiographic pattern of Brugada syndrome and no previous cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2003;108(25):3092–3096.
  • Viskin S, Rogowski O. Asymptomatic Brugada syndrome: a cardiac ticking time-bomb? Europace. 2007;9(9):707–710.
  • Postema PG, Wolpert C, Amin AS, et al. Drugs and Brugada syndrome patients: review of the literature, recommendations, and an up-to-date website (www.brugadadrugs.org). Heart Rhythm. 2009;6(9):1335–1341.
  • Xu YQ, Crumb WJ, Clarkson CW. Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994;271(1):319–325.
  • Crumb WJ, Clarkson CW. Characterization of the sodium channel blocking properties of the major metabolites of cocaine in single cardiac myocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992;261(3):910–917.
  • Habuchi Y, Furukawa T, Tanaka H, et al. Ethanol inhibition of Ca2+ and Na+ currents in the guinea-pig heart. Eur J Pharmacol Environ Toxicol. 1995;292(2):143–149.
  • Belhassen B, Glick A, Viskin S. Efficacy of quinidine in high-risk patients with Brugada syndrome. Circulation. 2004;110(13):1731–1737.
  • Mizusawa Y, Sakurada H, Nishizaki M, et al. Effects of low-dose quinidine on ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with Brugada syndrome: low-dose quinidine therapy as an adjunctive treatment. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006;47(3):359–364.
  • Maury P, Hocini M, Haïssaguerre M. Electrical storms in Brugada syndrome: review of pharmacologic and ablative therapeutic options. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2005;5(1):25–34.
  • Patocskai B, Antzelevitch C. Novel therapeutic strategies for the management of ventricular arrhythmias associated with the Brugada syndrome. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs. 2015;3(6):633–651.
  • Shenthar J, Chakali SS, Acharya D, et al. Oral quinine sulfate for the treatment of electrical storm and prevention of recurrent shocks in Brugada syndrome after failed cilostazol therapy. Heart Rhythm Case Rep. 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrcr.2017.07.005
  • Mendes SL, Elvas L, Ramos D, et al. Fever in an elderly patient unmasks Brugada syndrome. Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36(4):317–318.
  • Viskin S, Wilde AAM, Guevara-Valdivia ME, et al. Quinidine, a life-saving medication for Brugada syndrome, is inaccessible in many countries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(23):2383–2387.
  • Pappone C, Brugada J, Vicedomini G, et al. Electrical substrate elimination in 135 consecutive patients with Brugada syndrome. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2017;10(5). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.117.005053
  • Nademanee K, Veerakul G, Chandanamattha P, et al. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation episodes in Brugada syndrome by catheter ablation over the anterior right ventricular outflow tract epicardium. Circulation. 2011;123(12):1270–1279.
  • Brugada J, Pappone C, Berruezo A, et al. Brugada syndrome phenotype elimination by epicardial substrate ablation. Circ Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 2015;8(6):1373–1381.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.