Bad Santa: cultural heritage, mystification of the Arctic, and tourism as an extractive industry

References

• Ahl, F.M. “Amber, Avallon, and Apollo’s Singing Swan.” The American Journal of Philology 103, no. 4 (1982): 373–411. doi:10.2307/294518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• All About Lapland, Winter 2018 (Lapland tourism brochure).
   Google Scholar
• Amoamo, M., and S. Boyd. “Shifting Images: An Historical and Contemporary View of Tourism Development in the Northwest Territories of Canada.” Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development 2, no. 1 (2005): 1–15. doi:10.1080/14790530500072294.
   Google Scholar
• Andersson Burnett, L. “Abode of Satan: The Appeal of the Magical and Superstitious North in Eighteenth Century Britain.” Northern Studies: The Journal of the Scottish Society for Northern Studies 41 (2010): 67–77.
   Google Scholar
• Avango, D.A., E. Nilsson, and P. Roberts. “Assessing Arctic Futures: Voices, Resources and Governance.” The Polar Journal 3, no. 2 (2013): 431–46. doi:10.1080/2154896X.2013.790197.
   Google Scholar
• Bertella, G. “Photography and Northern Lights Tourism in Tromsø, Norway.” Northern Review 37 (2013): 167–86.
   Google Scholar
• Bridge, G. “Material Worlds: Natural Resources, Resource Geography and the Material Economy.” Geography Compass 3, no. 3 (2009): 1217–44. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00233.x.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, A. Geographies of the Romantic North: Science, Antiquarianism, and Travel, 1790–1830. New York: Palgrave, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Castéran, H., and C. Roederer. “Does Authenticity Really Affect Behavior? the Case of the Strasbourg Christmas Market.” Tourism Management 36 (2013): 153–63. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Company, C.-C. 2019. https://www.coca-cola.fi/stories/coca-cola-joulurekka-pysaehtyi-napapiirillae-ensimmaeisen-kerran (25 June 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, P. The Idea of North. London: Reaktion Books, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, C., and G. Rydén. Baltic Iron in the Atlantic World in the Eighteenth Century. Leiden: Brill, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Everett, S. “Lessons from the Field: Reflecting on a Tourism Research Journey around the ‘Celtic’ Periphery.” Current Issues in Tourism 13, no. 2 (2010): 161–75. doi:10.1080/13683500902853502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falck-Ytter, H., R. Alexander, and T. Lovgren. Aurora: The Northern Lights in Mythology, History and Science. Hudson: Bell Pond Books, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Falk, M., and M. Vieru. “International Tourism Demand to Finnish Lapland in the Early Winter Season.” Current Issues in Tourism 22, no. 11 (2019): 1312–26. doi:10.1080/13683500.2017.1412406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fløgstad, K. Pyramiden, Portrett Av Ein Forlaten Utopi. Oslo: Spartacus Forlag, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Fors, H. The Limits of Matter: Chemistry, Mining, and Enlightenment. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Grenier, A.A. “The Diversity of Polar Tourism: Some Challenges Facing the Industry in Rovaniemi, Finland.” Polar Geography 30, no. 1–2 (2007): 55–72. doi:10.1080/10889370701666622.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C.M. “Santa Claus, Place Branding and Competition.” Fennia: International Journal of Geography 186, no. 1 (2008): 59–67.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C.M. “Changement climatique, authenticité et marketing des régions nordiques: Conséquences sur le tourisme finlandais et la «plus grande marque au monde» ou «Les changements climatiques finiront-ils par tuer le père Noël?».” Téoros: Revue de recherche en tourisme 28, no. 1 (2009): 70–79. doi:10.7202/1024838ar.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C.M. “Will Climate Change Kill Santa Claus? Climate Change and High-Latitude Christmas Place Branding.” Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 14, no. 1 (2014): 23–40. doi:10.1080/15022250.2014.886101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C.M., D.K. Müller, and J. Saarinen. Nordic Tourism: Issues and Cases. Bristol: Channel View Publications, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C.M., and J. Saarinen. “Polar Tourism: Definitions and Dimensions.” Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 10, no. 4 (2010): 448–67. doi:10.1080/15022250.2010.521686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand, W.D. “California Miners’ Folklore: Below Ground.” California Folklore Quarterly 1, no. 2 (1942): 127–53. doi:10.2307/1495481.
   Google Scholar
• Heckscher, E.F. An Economic History of Sweden. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1963.
   Google Scholar
• Helgadóttir, G., and K. Dashper. ““Dear International Guests and Friends of the Icelandic Horse”: Experience, Meaning and Belonging at a Niche Sporting Event.” Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 16, no. 4 (2016): 422–41. doi:10.1080/15022250.2015.1112303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herva, V.-P., and A. Lahelma. Northern Archaeology and Cosmology: A Relational View. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Herva, V.-P., J. Ikäheimo, M. Enbuske, and J. Okkonen. “Alternative Pasts and Colonial Engagements in the North: The Materiality and Meanings of the Pajala ‘Runestone’ (Vinsavaara Stone), Northern Sweden.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 4 (2018): 613–28. doi:10.1017/S0959774318000197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovelsrud, G.K., B. Poppel, B. Van Oort, and J.D. Reist. “Arctic Societies, Cultures and Peoples in a Changing Cryosphere.” Ambio 40, no. 1 (2011): 100–10. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0219-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes-Brock, H. “Amber and the Mycenaeans.” Journal of Baltic Studies 16, no. 3 (1985): 257–67. doi:10.1080/01629778500000161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ísleifsson, S.R. “Introduction: Imaginations of National Identity and the North,” In Iceland and Images of the North, ed.. S.R. Ísleifsson and D. Chartier, 3–22. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Jóhannesson, G.T., and K.A. Lund. “Aurora Borealis: Choreographies of Darkness and Light.” Annals of Tourism Research 63 (2017): 183–90. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2017.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jylhä, K., H. Tuomenvirta, and K. Ruosteenoja. “Climate Change Projections for Finland during the 21st Century.” Boreal Environment Research 9, no. 2 (2004): 127–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp, A.B., and W. Ashmore. “Archaeological Landscapes: Constructed, Conceptualized, Ideational,” In Archaeologies of Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives, ed.. W. Ashmore and A.B. Knapp, 1–30. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Komu, T. “Dreams of Treasures and Dreams of Wilderness – Engaging with the Beyond-the-Rational in Extractive Industries in Northern Fennoscandia.” The Polar Journal 9, no. 1 (2019): 113–32. doi:10.1080/2154896X.2019.1618556.
   Google Scholar
• Komu, T. Pursuing the Good Life in the North: Examining the Coexistence of Reindeer Herding, Extractive Industries and Nature-based Tourism in Northern Fennoscandia. Oulu: University of Oulu, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Kroonenberg, S. Why Hell Stinks of Sulfur: Mythology and Geology of the Underworld. London: Reaktion, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Launonen, K., and S.J. Partanen, Guide to the Goldfields of Lapland (Sodankylä: Gold Prospector Museum of Tankavaara, 2002).
   Google Scholar
• Leu, T.C., and D.K. Müller. “Maintaining Inherited Occupations in Changing Times: The Role of Tourism among Reindeer Herders in Northern Sweden.” Polar Geography 39, no. 1 (2016): 40–57. doi:10.1080/1088937X.2016.1148794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi Tourist Office. https://www.levi.fi/en/enjoy-levi/december-at-levi-christmas-and-new-year/december-weekly-activity-program.html (27 February 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Löytynoja, T. “The Development of Specific Locations into Tourist Attractions: Cases from Northern Europe.” Fennia: International Journal of Geography 186 no. 1 (2008): 15–29.
   Google Scholar
• Magic of Lapland. https://www.magicoflapland.net/overview/santa-short-breaks/ (27 February 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Mathisen, S.R. “Arctic Tourism Experiences: Production, Consumption and Sustainability,” In Northern Lights Experiences in the Arctic Dark: Old Imaginaries and New Tourism Narratives, ed.. Y.-S. Lee, N. Prebensen, and D. Weaver, 67–78. Wallingford: CABI, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• McCannon, J. A History of the Arctic: Nature, Exploration and Exploitation. London: Reaktion Books, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• McKay, G. “Consumption, Coca-Colonization, Cultural Resistance – And Santa Claus,” In Christmas, Ideology and Popular Culture, ed.. W. Sheila, 60–67. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Naum, M., and J.M. Nordin. “Introduction: Situating Scandinavian Colonialism,” In Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity: Small-Time Agents in a Global Arena, ed.. M. Naum and J.M. Nordin, 3–17. New York: Springer, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Naum, M. “Between Utopia and Dystopia: Colonial Ambivalence and Early Modern Perception of Sápmi.” Itinerario 40, no. 3 (2016): 489–521. doi:10.1017/S016511531600067X.
   Google Scholar
• Naum, M. “Enchantment of the Underground: Touring Mines in Early Modern Sweden.” Journal of Tourism History 11, no. 1 (2019): 1–21. doi:10.1080/1755182X.2019.1592241.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordin, J.M. “Metals of Metabolism: The Construction of Industrial Space and the Commodification of Early Modern Sápmi,” In Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, ed.. M.P. Leone and J. Knauf:, 249–72. New York: Springer, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Nordin, J.M., and C.-G. Ojala. “Collecting Sápmi: Early Modern Collecting of Sámi Material Culture.” Nordisk Museologi 2 (2015): 114–22.
   Google Scholar
• Núñez, M. “Changing Visions of the Mythical Reindeer in Southern Europe,” In Toinen Jalka Haudassa: Juhlakirja Juhani Kostetille, ed.. S. Lipkin, T. Kallio-Seppä, A. Tranberg, and T. Väre, 169–77. Oulu: University of Oulu, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Nuttall, M. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. New York: Routledge, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Partanen, S.J. Sankareita, Veijareita Ja Huijareita: Lapin Kullankaivajien Tarina. Helsinki: Edita, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Pirttikoski, R. 2018, Coca-Colan joulurekka villitsi oululaiset – tuhannet jonottivat ilmaista limsaa, liikenne ruuhkautui. Kaleva 11.12.2018. https://www.kaleva.fi/uutiset/oulu/coca-colan-joulurekka-villitsi-oululaiset-tuhannet-jonottivat-ilmaista-limsaa-liikenne-ruuhkautui/811882/
   Google Scholar
• Pohjolan Pirtti. https://www.pohjolanpirtti.fi/en/christmas (27 February 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Pretes, M. “Touring Mines and Mining Tourists.” Annals of Tourism Research 29, no. 2 (2002): 439–56. doi:10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00041-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragazzi, E. “Amber, a Stone of Sun for Ancient Medicines.” Acta medico-historica Rigensia 10 (2016): 208–34. doi:10.25143/amhr.2016.X.11.
   Google Scholar
• Rusko, R., P. Merenheimo, and M. Haanpää. “Coopetition, Resource-Based View and Legend: Cases of Christmas Tourism and City of Rovaniemi.” International Journal of Marketing Studies 5, no. 6 (2013): 37–51. doi:10.5539/ijms.v5n6p37.
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J. “Tourism in Northern Wilderness: Nature-based Tourism Development in Northern Finland,” In Nature-based Tourism in Peripheral Areas: Development or Disaster?, ed.. C.M. Hall and S. Boyd, 36–49. Clevedon: Channel View Publications, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., and K. Tervo. “Sustainability and Emerging Awareness of a Changing Climate.,” In Tourism and Change in Polar Regions: Climate, Environments and Experiences, ed.. C.M. Hall and J. Saarinen, 147–64. London: Routledge, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Saarinen, J., and A. Varnajot. “The Arctic in Tourism: Complementing and Contesting Perspectives on Tourism in the Arctic.” Polar Geography 42, no. 2 (2019): 109–24. doi:10.1080/1088937X.2019.1578287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santa’s Lapland. https://www.santaslapland.com/more-magic/santas-reindeer/ (06 March 2019)
   Google Scholar
• SantaPark. https://santaparkarcticworld.com/santapark/faq (06 March 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Schefferus, J. Lappland. Uppsala: Gebers, 1673. 1956.
   Google Scholar
• Schoenberger, E. “Why Is Gold Valuable? Nature, Social Power and the Value of Things.” Cultural Geographies 18, no. 1 (2011): 3–24. doi:10.1177/1474474010377549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tervo, K. “The Operational and Regional Vulnerability of Winter Tourism to Climate Variability and Change: The Case of the Finnish Nature‐Based Tourism Entrepreneurs.” Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 8, no. 4 (2008): 317–32. doi:10.1080/15022250802553696.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tervo-Kankare, K., C.M. Hall, and J. Saarinen. “Christmas Tourists’ Perceptions to Climate Change in Rovaniemi, Finland.” Tourism Geographies 15, no. 2 (2013): 292–317. doi:10.1080/14616688.2012.726265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilley, C. “The Neolithic Sensory Revolution: Monumentality and the Experience of Landscape,” In Going Over: The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe, ed.. A. Whittle and V. Cummings, 329–45. London: British Academy, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Timothy, D.J. “Collecting Places: Geodetic Lines in Tourist Space.” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 7 no. 4 (1998): 123–29. 10.1300/J073v07n04_07
   Google Scholar
• Timothy, D.J. Tourism and Political Boundaries. London: Routledge, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Varnajot, A. “’Walk the Line’: An Ethnographic Study of the Ritual of Crossing the Arctic Circle – Case Rovaniemi.” Tourist Studies 19, no. 4 (2019): 434–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viken, A. “What Is Arctic Tourism, and Who Should Define It?,” In New Issues in Polar Tourism: Communities, Environment, Politics, ed.. D.K. Müller, L. Lundmark, and R.H. Lemelin, 37–50. New York: Springer, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Visit Finland 2019. https://www.visitfinland.com/lapland/ (25 February 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Visit Rovaniemi 2019a. https://www.visitrovaniemi.fi/ (21 February 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Visit Rovaniemi 2019b. https://www.visitrovaniemi.fi/fi/uutiset/coca-cola-joulurekka-kohtasi-joulupukin-napapiirilla/ (25 June 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Visit Rovaniemi 2019c. https://www.visitrovaniemi.fi/wp-content/uploads/Rovaniemi-tourism-statistics_December-2018.pdf (22 February 2019).
   Google Scholar
• Visit SeaLapland. https://www.visitsealapland.com/en/visitors/restaurants/santas-seaside-office/ (27 February 2019)
   Google Scholar
• Zelinsky, W. “Where Every Town Is above Average, Welcoming Signs along America’s Highways.” Landscape 30, no. 1 (1988): 1–10.
   Google Scholar