Coping with deficiencies in the Polar Code: a Russian perspective

Bibliography

• “IMO Prinjala Poljarnyj Kodeks” [IMO Adopted the Polar Code]. Mortrans.Info, November 23, 2014. http://mortrans.info/analytics/imo-prinyala-polyarnyj-kodeks/.
   Google Scholar
• “The Increase in Arctic Shipping 2013-2019,” PAME Arctic Shipping Status Report (ASSR) #1, March 31, 2020. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/592bfe70251741b48b0a9786b75ff5d0.
   Google Scholar
• Annual Report On Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2018. http://www.tokyo-mou.org/doc/ANN18-web.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Arctic Council, “Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment Report”, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Arctic Ocean Review Final Report, “Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME),” Kiruna. May, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bai, J., and C. Wang, “Enhancing Port State Control in Polar Waters,” Ocean Development & International Law 50, no. 4 (2019): 1–21. doi:10.1080/00908320.2019.1644776.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bognar, D. “Russian Proposals on the Polar Code: Contributing to Common Rules or Furthering State Interests?” Arctic Review on Law and Politics 7, no. 2 (2016): 111–35. doi:10.17585/arctic.v7.415.
   Google Scholar
• Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation (In Russ.), adopted December, 30, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Data of the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics on the Volumes of Cargo Transportation on the Northern Sea Route. https://fedstat.ru/indicator/51479.
   Google Scholar
• “Detailed Analysis of Ship Traffic on the NSR in 2016 and 2017 Based on AIS Data,” Centre for High North Logistics, https://arctic-lio.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Sergey_Balmasov_17-04-18_Helsinki.pdf; https://arctic-lio.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/news_2017-04-25_Helsinki.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Diplomatic Note from the Government of the United States to the Government of the Russian Federation regarding the Northern Sea Route Regulatory Scheme. Digest of United States Practice in International Law, (2015), at 526–28.
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilov, V., R. Dremliuga, and R. Nurimbetov. “Article 234 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and Reduction of Ice Cover in the Arctic Ocean.” Marine Policy 106 (2019): 103518. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, G.S. “Implementation of the Polar Code”. In The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on The Arctic In The Wider World. 2015 North Pacific Arctic Conference Proceedings. Ed. O. Young, J. Kim, and Y. Kim. Busan: Korea Maritime Institute; Honolulu: East-West Center, 2015. 190–205.
   Google Scholar
• Hamann, R., and J. Peschmann. “Goal-Based Standards and Risk-Based Design.” Ship Technology Research 60, no. 2 (2013): 46–56. doi:10.1179/str.2013.60.2.001.
   Google Scholar
• Henriksen, T., “Norway, Denmark (In Respect of Greenland) and Iceland,” in Governance of Arctic Shipping, ed. R.C. Beckman, T. Henriksen, K. Kraabel, E.J. Molenaar, and J. Roach (Leiden: Brill | Nijhoff, 2017), 245–95. doi:10.1163/9789004339385_009.
   Google Scholar
• Hindley, R., “The Role of the Polar Code in Arctic Maritime Governance,” In The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on Global Arctic Interactions: the Arctic Moves from Periphery to Center. 2019 North Pacific Arctic Conference Proceedings, eds. R.W. Corell, Y., Y. Kim, A. Moe, C. Morrison, D. VanderZwaag, O. Yang. (Busan: Korea Maritime Institute; Honolulu: East-West Center, 2019), 182–192.
   Google Scholar
• Humpert, M. “Shipping Company Maersk to Return to Arctic Northern Sea Route This Summer”. High North News, June 14, 2019. https://www.highnorthnews.com/en/shipping-company-maersk-return-arctic-northern-sea-route-summer
   Google Scholar
• IMO Resolution A.682(17), adopted on 6 November 1991.
   Google Scholar
• “Implementation of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters,” 12 December 2016, CVC Policy Letter 16-06. Available at www.dco.uscg.mil/Portals/9/DCO%20Documents/5p/CG-5PC/CG-CVC/Policy%20Letters/2016/CG-CVC_pol16-06.pdf?ver=2016-07-06-120605-907
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, Ø., “The International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters: Finalization, Adoption and Law of the Sea Implications,” Arctic Review on Law and Politics 7, no. 1 (2016): 60–82. doi:10.17585/arctic.v7.236.
   Google Scholar
• Joint Ministerial Declaration, Adopted on 3-4 May2017 on the Third Joint Ministerial Conference of the Paris and Tokyo Memoranda of Understanding on Port State Control. Available at https://www.parismou.org/sites/default/files/Signed%20Declaration%203JMC.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Klyuev, V., “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Concerning State Regulation of Merchant Shipping in the Area of the Northern Sea Route.” The Arctic Herald no. 3 (2012): 72–77.
   Google Scholar
• Kraska, J., and R. Pedrozo, International Maritime Security Law (Leiden: Brill | Nijhoff, 2013), Xxi, 939. doi:10.1163/9789004233577.
   Google Scholar
• “List of applications,” Administration of the Northern Sea Route Official Web Site. http://www.nsra.ru/.
   Google Scholar
• Marten, B. “Port State Jurisdiction, International Conventions, and Extraterritoriality: An Expansive Interpretation.” In Jurisdiction over Ships Post-UNCLOS Developments in the Law of the Sea, ed. H. Ringbom, 105–139. Leiden: Brill | Nijhoff, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Mednikov, V.A., “Poljarnyj Kodeks. Popytka Kriticheskogo Osmyslenijaz,” [Polar Code: An Attempt of Critical Assessment]. Paper presented at the Russian Council for International Affairs, October, 13, 2016. http://russiancouncil.ru/common/upload/6_Mednikov.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Molenaar, E.J. “Port State Jurisdiction: Toward Comprehensive, Mandatory and Global Coverage.” Ocean Development & International Law 38, no. 1–2 (2007): 225–57. doi:10.1080/00908320601071520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molenaar, E.J. “Options for Regional Regulation of Merchant Shipping outside IMO, with Particular Reference to the Arctic Region.” Ocean Development & International Law 45, no. 3 (2014): 272–98. doi:10.1080/00908320.2014.929474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molodcov, S.V., Mezhdunarodnoe Morskoe Pravo [International Maritime Law] (Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 1987), 272.
   Google Scholar
• Port State Control, IMO Official Web Site. http://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/msas/pages/portstatecontrol.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• Ringbom, H., and C. Ryngaert. “Introduction: Port State Jurisdiction: Challenges and Potential.” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 31, no. 3 (2016): 379–94. doi:10.1163/15718085-12341405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• “Rossija vystupaet za usilenie roli gosportkontrolja v chasti proverok sudov po Poljarnomu kodeksu,” [Russia advocates for an increased role of the state port control related to ensuring compliance by vessels with the Polar Code]. Port News, February 24, 2018. http://portnews.ru/news/254083/.
   Google Scholar
• Rules of Navigation on the Water Area of the Northern Sea Route, approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia, January. 17, 2013 (In Russ.). http://www.nsra.ru/en/ofitsialnaya_informatsiya/pravila_plavaniya/f120.html
   Google Scholar
• Shaughnessy, T., and E. Tobin, “Flags of Inconvenience: Freedom and Insecurity on the High Seas.” Journal of International Law & Policy 5 (2006-2007): 1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Thorén, A., “Article 234 UNCLOS and the Polar Code - The interaction between regulations on different levels in the Arctic region.” Master thesis University of Oslo, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Vylegzhanin, A.N., G.G. Ivanov, and I.P. Dudikina, “Poljarnyj Kodeks (Ocenki I Kommentarii V Zarubezhnyh Pravovyh Istochnikah),” [The Polar Code (Comments in Foreign Legal Sources)], Moscow Journal of International Law no. 4б (2015): 43–60. doi:10.24833/0869-0049-2015-4-43-60.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, J. “The Implementation of Port State Control under the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006” ( Master’s Thesis, Malmö, World Maritime University, 2017). 582.
   Google Scholar
• Zagorski, A., “Implementation of the Polar Code,” In The Arctic in World Affairs: A North Pacific Dialogue on The Arctic In The Wider World. 2015 North Pacific Arctic Conference Proceedings, ed. O. Young, J. Kim, and Y. Kim (Busan: Korea Maritime Institute; Honolulu: East-West Center, 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Zagorski, A., “Russia and USA in the Arctic,” Russian Council for International Affairs, Working Paper 30/2016. Moscow: NPMP RIAC, 2016 26.
   Google Scholar