Bibliography
- Beskow, D., and K. Carley. “Characterization and Comparison of Russian and Chinese Disinformation Campaigns.” In Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social Media, ed. Kai S., Suhang W., Dongwon L., and Huan L., 63–81. Switzerland: Springer, 2020.
- Bhat, P., and K. Chadha. “Anti-Media Populism: Expressions of Media Distrust by Right-Wing Media in India.” Journal of International & Intercultural Communication 13, no. 2 (2020): 166–82. doi:10.1080/17513057.2020.1739320.
- Bjola, C., and J. Pamment. “Digital Containment: Revisiting Containment Strategy in the Digital Age.” Global Affairs 2, no. 2 (2016): 131–42. doi:10.1080/23340460.2016.1182244.
- Bradshaw, S., and P.N. Howard. “The Global Organization of Social Media Disinformation Campaigns.” Journal of International Affairs 71, no. 1 (2018): 23–32.
- Brantly, A. “A Brief History of Fake: Surveying Russian Disinformation from the Russian Empire Through the Cold War and to the Present.” In Information Warfare in the Age of Cyber Conflict, ed. Christopher Whyte, A., Trevor Thrall, and Brian M. Mazanec, 27–41. London: Routledge, 2020.
- Carter, E., and B. Carter. “Questioning More: RT, Outward-Facing Propaganda, and the Post-West World Order.” Security Studies 30, no. 1 (2021): 49–78. doi:10.1080/09636412.2021.1885730.
- Cull, N., V. Gatov, P. Pomerantsev, A. Applebaum, and A. Shawcross. Soviet Subversion, Disinformation and Propaganda: How the West Fought Against It: An Analytic History, with Lessons for the Present. London: LSE Institute of Global Affairs, 2017.
- Dawson, A., and M. Innes. “How Russia’s Internet Research Agency Built Its Disinformation Campaign.” The Political Quarterly 90, no. 2 (2019): 245–56. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12690.
- Deverell, E., C. Wagnsson, and E.-K. Olsson. “Destruct, Direct and Suppress: Sputnik Narratives on the Nordic Countries.” The Journal of International Communication 27, no. 1 (2021): 15–37. doi:10.1080/13216597.2020.1817122.
- East StratCom Task Force. “Disinfo Review.” euvsdisinfo.eu. https://euvsdisinfo.eu/disinfo-review/. (accessed October 23, 2022).
- Elswah, M., and P. Howard. ““Anything That Causes Chaos”: The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT).” Journal of Communication 70, no. 5 (2020): 623–45. doi:10.1093/joc/jqaa027.
- Gagnon, B. “Organizing Notes.” https://space4peace.blogspot.com. (January 31, 2023).
- Hutchings, S., I. Yablokov, I. Lvov, and M. Gillepsie. “Staging the Sochi Winter Olympics 2014 on Russia Today and BBC World News: From Soft Power to Geopolitical Crisis.” Participations Journal of Audience & Reception Studies 12, no. 1 (2015): 630–58.
- Kragh, M., and S. Åsberg. “Russia’s Strategy for Influence Through Public Diplomacy and Active Measures: The Swedish Case.” The Journal of Strategic Studies 40, no. 6 (2017): 773–816. doi:10.1080/01402390.2016.1273830.
- Krever, M., and A. Chernova. “Wagner Chief Admits to Founding Russian Troll Farm Sanctioned for Meddling in US Elections.” CNN. 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2023/02/14/europe/russia-yevgeny-prigozhin-internet-research-agency-intl/index.html.
- Lackenbauer, P.W., T. Bouffard, and A. Lajeunesse. “Russian Information Operations: The Kremlin’s Competitive Narratives and Arctic Influence Objectives.” Journal of Peace and War Studies 4, October 2022 (2022): 161–86.
- Mejias, U.A., and N.E. Vokuev. “Disinformation and the Media: The Case of Russia and Ukraine.” Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 7 (2017): 1027–42. doi:10.1177/0163443716686672.
- Nae, A. “Russian Strategic Narratives on the Arctic Region: Embedded in Strategic Documents and Narrated by RT and Sputnik.” The Polar Journal 12, no. 2 (2022): 363–83. doi:10.1080/2154896X.2022.2137093.
- Petratos, P. “Misinformation, Disinformation, and Fake News: Cyber Risks to Business.” Business Horizons 64, no. 6 (2021): 763–74. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2021.07.012.
- Pomerantsev, P. “Authoritarianism Goes Global (II): The Kremlin’s Information War.” Journal of Democracy 26, no. 4 (2015): 40–50. doi:10.1353/jod.2015.0074.
- Potter, E. “Russia’s Strategy for Perception Management through Public Diplomacy and Influence Operations: The Canadian Case.” The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 14, no. 4 (2019): 402–25. doi:10.1163/1871191X-14401070.
- Ramsay, G., and S. Robertshaw. Weaponising News: RT, Sputnik and Targeted Disinformation. London, UK: The Policy Institute Centre for the Study of Media, Communication & Power, King’s College London, 2019. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/policy-institute/assets/weaponising-news.pdf.
- Salama, V., R. Ballhaus, A. Restuccia, and M. Bender, “President Trump Eyes a New Real-Estate Purchase: Greenland.” The Wall Street Journal (2019). https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-eyes-a-new-real-estate-purchase-greenland-11565904223
- Sputnik News. “Sputnik.” sputniknews.com.
- Sputnik News. “Danish Politicians Believe Trump’s Idea to Purchase Greenland Is “Absolutely Crazy”. Sputnik News. 2019a.
- Sputnik News. “Danish Politicians Scoff at Trump’s Reported Wish to Buy Greenland: ‘It Must Be April Fool’s Day.” Sputnik News. https://sputniknews.com/20190816/danish-politicians-scoff-at-trumps-reported-wish-to-buy-greenland-it-must-be-an-april-fools-day-1076562744.html. 2019b. (January 31, 2023).
- Sputnik News. “Green for Greenland: US Attempt to Buy Island Part of Arctic Land Rush.” Sputnik News. 2019c. https://sputniknews.com/20190817/trump-greenland-military-industrial-complex-1076570178.html. (accessed January 31, 2023)).
- Sputnik News. “Pompeo, Danish Foreign Minister Discuss Boosting Cooperation in Arctic.” Sputnik News. 2019d. https://sputniknews.com/amp/20190821/pompeo-danish-foreign-minister-discuss-boosting-cooperation-in-arctic-1076605229.html (accessed January 31, 2023).
- Sputnik News. “REVIEW - Trump Allegedly Wants to Buy Greenland, But Denmark, US Taxpayers Might Not Be There Yet.” Sputnik News. 2019e.
- Sputnik News. “Trump Blasts Danish Prime Minister Statement’s That Greenland Sale “Absurd” As “Not Nice”.” Sputnik News. 2019f.
- Sputnik News. “Trump Reportedly Interested in Buying Greenland - Yes, the Whole Thing.” Sputnik News. 2019g. https://sputniknews.com/20190816/trump-reportedly-interested-in-buying-greenland—yes-the-whole-thing-1076561442.html.
- Sputnik News. “Trump Says Had Great Phone Conversation With Danish Prime Minister Despite Canceled Visit.” Sputnik News. 2019h.
- Sputnik News. “Under the Hammer: As Trump Reportedly Sizes Up Greenland, How Many Territories Have Been Purchased?.” Sputnik News. 2019i. https://sputniknews.com/20190816/under-the-hammer-as-trump-reportedly-sizes-up-greenland-how-many-territories-have-been-purchased-1076565518.html (January 31, 2023).
- Tandoc, J. “Tools of Disinformation: How Fake News Gets to Deceive.” In Disinformation and Fake News, ed. Shashi J., Benjamin A., and Nur Diyanah A., 35–46. Singapore: Springer, 2021.
- Tuhina, G. Two Years into EU Ban, Russia’s RT and Sputnik Are Still Accessible across the EU. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 2024. https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-rt-sputnik-eu-access-bans-propaganda-ukraine-war/32803929.html.
- Wagnsson, C. “The Paperboys of Russian Messaging: RT/Sputnik Audiences as Vehicles for Malign Information Influence.” Information, Communication & Society 26, no. 9 (2022): 1849–67. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2022.2041700.
- Wardle, C., and H. Derakhshan. “Thinking about “information disorder”: formats of misinformation, disinformation, and mal-information” In Journalism, Fake News and Disinformation, ed.Posetti, UNESCO, 2018.https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/journalism_fake_news_disinformation_print_friendly_0.pdf.