References
- Abas F , Lajis NH , Israf DA , Khozirah S , Umi Kalsom Y . 2006. Antioxidant and nitric oxide inhibition activities of selected Malay traditional vegetables. Food Chem. 95:566–573. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814605001226 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.01.034
- Akanitapichat P , Phraibung K , Nuchklang K , Prompitakkul S . 2010. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of five eggplant varieties. Food Chem Toxicol. 48:3017–3021. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027869151000503X doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.045
- Bello SO , Muhammad BY , Gammaniel KS , Abdu-Aguye I , Ahmed H , Njoku CH , Pindiga UH , Salka AM . 2005. Preliminary evaluation of the toxicity and some pharmacological properties of the aqueous crude extract of Solanum melongena . Res J Agric Biol Sci. 1:1–9. Available from: http://www.aensiweb.com/old/rjabs/rjabs/1-9.pdf
- Bredt DS , Snyder SH . 1994. Nitric oxide: a physiologic messenger molecule. Annu Rev Biochem. 63:175–195. Available from: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.001135
- Chi YS , Cheon BS , Kim HP . 2001. Effect of wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellaria radix, on the suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 61(10):1195–1203. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295201005974 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00597-4
- Concellón A , Zaro MJ , Chaves AR , Vicente AR . 2012. Changes in quality and phenolic antioxidants in dark purple American eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Lucía) as affected by storage at 0°C and 10°C. Postharvest Biol Technol. 66:35–41. Available from: http://ezproxy.um.edu.my:2095/science/article/pii/S0925521411002900 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.12.003
- Eddouks M , Chattopadhyay D , De Feo V , Cho WC . 2012. Medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Evid-Based Comp Alt. 2012:1–2. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/458274 doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/458274
- Fawole OA , Amoo SO , Ndhlala AR , Light ME , Finnie JF , Van Staden J . 2010. Anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, antioxidant and phytochemical properties of medicinal plants used for pain-related ailments in South Africa. J Ethnopharmacol. 127:235–241. Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0378874109007223/1-s2.0-S0378874109007223-main.pdf?_tid=0d51f502-d241-11e4-a242--00000aab0f6c&acdnat=1427213937_2354debbf48701033637c387a12b0e3e doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.015
- García-Lafuente A , Guillamón E , Villares A , Rostagno M , Martínez J . 2009. Flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents: implications in cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inflamm Res. 58:537–552. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00011-009-0037-3 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-009-0037-3
- Han SW , Tae J , Kim JA , Kim DK , Seo GS , Yun KJ , Choi SC , Kim TH , Nah YH , Lee YM . 2003. The aqueous extract of Solanum melongena inhibits PAR2 agonist-induced inflammation. Clin Chim Acta. 328:39–44. Available from: http://ezproxy.um.edu.my:2095/science/article/pii/S0009898102003777 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(02)00377-7
- Houghton PJ , Raman A . 1998. Laboratory handbook for the fractionation of natural extracts. London : Chapman & Hall.
- Kaur C , Nagal S , Nishad J , Kumar R , Sarika S . 2014. Evaluating eggplant (Solanum melongena L) genotypes for bioactive properties: a chemometric approach. Food Res Int. 60:205–211. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.049 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.049
- Kim HK , Cheon BS , Kim YH , Kim SY , Kim HP . 1999. Effects of naturally occurring flavonoids on nitric oxide production in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and their structure–activity relationships. Biochem Pharmacol. 58:759–765. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295299001604 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00160-4 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00160-4
- Kleinert H , Art J , Pautz A . 2010. Nitric oxide: biology and pathobiology. San Diego : Academic Press. Chapter 7, Regulation of the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase; p. 211–267.
- Liew CY , Lam KW , Kim MK , Harith HH , Tham CL , Cheah YK , Sulaiman MR , Lajis NH , Israf DA . 2011. Effects of 3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl-furan-2-y-l) propenone (HMP) upon signalling pathways of lipopoly saccharide-induced iNOS synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 11:85–95. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1567576910003401 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.011
- Ma C , Whitaker BD , Kennelly EJ . 2010. New 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in fruit of the wild eggplant relative Solanum viarum . J Agric Food Chem. 58:11036–11042. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf102963f doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf102963f
- Mehta D , Bhargava DK . 2010. Non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal toxicity. Apollo Medicine. 7:251–262. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0976001612600180 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0976-0016(12)60018-0
- Mosmann T . 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 65:55–63. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022175983903034 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
- Noda Y , Kneyuki T , Igarashi K , Mori A , Packer L . 2000. Antioxidant activity of nasunin, an anthocyanin in eggplant peels. Toxicology. 148:119–123. Available from: http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0300483X0000202X/1-s2.0-S0300483X0000202X-main.pdf?_tid=a1587f84-d244-11e4-bd51-00000aacb35d&acdnat=1427215473_358d54160308557a82fc7469ef2f5881 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00202-X
- Oboh G , Ekperigin MM , Kazeem MI . 2005. Nutritional and haemolytic properties of eggplants (Solanum macrocarpon) leaves. J Food Compos Anal. 18:153–160. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889157504000134 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2003.12.013
- Plazas M , Prohens J , Cunat AN , Vilanova S , Gramazio P , Herraiz FJ , Andujar I . 2014. Reducing capacity, chlorogenic acid content and biological activity in a collection of scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and Gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants. Int J Mol Sci. 15:17221–17241. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4227158/ doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151017221
- Prohens J , Rodríguez-Burruezo A , Raigón MD , Nuez F . 2007. Total phenolic concentration and browning susceptibility in a collection of different varietal types and hybrids of eggplant: implications for breeding for higher nutritional quality and reduced browning. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 132:638–646. Available from: http://journal.ashspublications.org/content/132/5/638.full.pdf+html
- Rao YK , Fang S-H , Tzeng Y-M . 2007. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation tumoral cells activities of Antrodia camphorata, Cordyceps sinensis, and Cinnamomum osmophloeum bark extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 114:78–85. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874107003728 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.028 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.028
- Sadilova E , Stintzing FC , Carle R . 2006. Anthocyanins, colour and antioxidant properties of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and violet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) peel extracts. Z Naturforsch C. 61:527–535. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989312 doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-7-810
- Sanchez-Mata MC , Yokoyama WE , Hong YJ , Prohens J . 2010. Alpha-solasonine and alpha-solamargine contents of gboma (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum L.) eggplants. J Agric Food Chem. 58:5502–5508. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100709g
- Sharma K , Saikia R , Kotoky J , Kalita J , Devi R . 2011. Antifungal activity of Solanum melongena L, Lawsonia inermis L. and Justicia gendarussa B. against dermatophytes. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 3:1635–1640. Available from: http://www.sphinxsai.com/Vol.3No.3/pharm/pdf/PT=64(1635-1640)JS11.pdf
- Singh AP , Luthria D Wilson T , Vorsa N , Singh V , Banuelos GS , Pasakdee S . 2009. Polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of eggplant pulp. Food Chem. 114:955–961. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.048
- Siriwatanametanon N , Fiebich BL , Efferth T , Prieto JM , Heinrich M . 2010. Traditionally used Thai medicinal plants: In vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 130:196–207. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110002680 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.036 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.036
- Sostres C , Gargallo CJ , Arroyo MT , Lanas A . 2010. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 24:121–132. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1521691809001589 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.11.005 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2009.11.005
- Tham CL , Liew CY , Lam KW , Mohamad A-S , Kim MK , Cheah YK , Zakaria Z-A , Sulaiman M-R , Lajis NH , Israf DA . 2010. A synthetic curcuminoid derivative inhibits nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis. Eur J Pharmacol. 628:247–254. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014299909011054 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.053
- Tozer GM , Everett SA . 1997. Nitric oxide in tumour biology and cancer therapy. Part 1: physiological aspects. Clin Oncol. 9:282–293. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0936655505800615 https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0936-6555(05)80061-5 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0936-6555(05)80061-5
- Zhang L , Ravipati AS , Koyyalamudi SR , Jeong SC , Reddy N , Smith PT , Bartlett J , Shanmugam K , Münch G , Wu MJ . 2011. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds. J Agric Food Chem. 59:12361–12367. Available from: https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf203146e doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203146e