393
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Where does the pipeline get leaky? The progressive ambition of school board members and personal and political network recruitment

ORCID Icon
Pages 762-785 | Received 05 Oct 2016, Accepted 23 Oct 2018, Published online: 08 Nov 2018

References

  • Beck, Susan A. 2001. “Acting as Women: The Effects and Limitations of Gender in Local Governance.” In The Impact of Women in Public Office, edited by J. Carroll Susan, 49–67. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Bledsoe, Timothy, and Mary Herring. 1990. “Victims of Circumstances: Women in Pursuit of Public Office.” American Political Science Review 84 (1): 213–223.
  • Boles, Janet K. 2001. ““Local Elected Women and Policy-making: Movement Delegates or Feminist Trustees?” In The Impact of Women in Public Office, edited by Susan J. Carroll, 68–86. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Brady, Henry E., Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Sidney Verba. 1999. “Prospecting for Participants: Rational Expectations and the Recruitment of Political Activists.” American Political Science Review 93 (1): 153–168.
  • Broockman, David E. 2014. “Do Female Politicians Empower Women to Vote or Run for Office? A Regression Discontinuity Approach.” Electoral Studies 34: 190–204.
  • Burns, Nancy, Kay L. Scholzman, and Sidney Verba. 2001. The Private Roots of Public Action. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Burt-Way, Barbara J., and Rita M. Kelly. 1992. “Gender and Sustaining Political Ambition: A Study of Arizona Elected Officials.” Political Research Quarterly 45 (1): 11–25.
  • Carroll, Susan J. 1994. Women as Candidates in American Politics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Carroll, Susan, and Kira Sanbonmatsu. 2010. “Can More Women Run? Reevaluating Women’s Election to the State Legislatures.” Presented at the 2010 annual meeting of the American political association, Washington, D.C.
  • Carroll, Susan J., and Kira Sanbonmatsu. 2013. More Women Can Run: Gender and Pathways to the State Legislature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Center for American Women in Politics. 2017. State Legislature. In State by State Information. Retrieved from http://www.cawp.rutgers.edu/state-by-state.
  • Costantini, Edmond. 1990. “Political Women and Political Ambition: Closing the Gender Gap.” American Journal of Political Science 34 (3): 741–770.
  • Crowder-Meyer, Melody. 2013. “Gendered Recruitment Without Trying: How Local Party Recruiters Affect Women’s Representation.” Politics & Gender 9 (4): 390–413.
  • Crowder-Meyer, Melody, Shana K. Gadarian, and Jessica Trounstine. 2015. ““Electoralinstitutions, Gender Stereotypes, and Women’s Local Representation.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 3 (2): 318–334.
  • Deckman, Melissa. 2007. “Gender Differences in the Decision to Run for School Board.” American Politics Research 35 (4): 541–563.
  • Farris, E. M., and M. R. Holman. 2016. “All Politics in Local? County Sheriffs and Localized Policies of Immigration Enforcement.” Political Research Quarterly 96 (4): 1117–1135.
  • Flaming, Janet A. 1984. Political Women, Current Roles in State and Local Government. Beverly Hills: Sage.
  • Fowler, Linda L. 1993. Candidates, Congress, and the American Democracy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Fulton, Sarah A., Cherie D. Maestas, Sandy L. Maisel, and Walter Stone. 2006. “The Sense of a Woman: Gender, Ambition, and the Decision to Run for Congress.” Political Research Quarterly 59 (2): 235–248.
  • Greenlee, Jill S., Mirya R. Holman, and Rachel VanSickle-Ward. 2014. “Making it Personal: Assessing the Impact of In-class Exercise on Closing the Gender Gap in Political Ambition.” Journal of Political Science Education 10 (1): 48–61.
  • Holman, Mirya R., and Monica C. Schneider. 2014. “Experimental Investigations of the Gendered Political Ambition Gap.” American Political Association Annual meeting, Washington D.C.
  • Kitts, James. 2000. “Mobilizing in Black Boxes: Social Networks and Participation in Social Movement Organizations.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 5 (2): 241–257.
  • Krook, Mona L. 2010. “Why Are Fewer Women Than men Elected? Gender and the Dynamics of Candidate Selection.” Political Studies Review 8 (2): 155–168.
  • Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2005. It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don’t Run for Office. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lawless, Jennifer L., and Richard L. Fox. 2010. It Still Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don’t Run for Office. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lim, Chaeyoon. 2008. “Social Networks and Political Participation: How Do Networks Matter?” Social Forces 87 (2): 961–982.
  • Maestas, Cherie D., Sarah Fulton, L. S. Maisel, and Walter J. Stone. 2006. “When to Risk It? Institutions, Ambitions, and the Decision to Run for the US House.” American Political Science Review 100 (02): 195–208.
  • Maestas, Cherie, W. Neeley Grant, and E. Richardson Jr Lilliard. 2003. “The state of surveying legislators: Dilemmas and suggestions.” State Politics & Policy Quarterly 3 (1): 90–108.
  • Marshall, Ann. 2002. “Organizing Across the Divide: Local Feminist Activism, Everyday Life, and the Election of Women to Public Office.” Social Science Quarterly 83 (3): 707–725.
  • McAdam, Doug. 1986. “Recruitment to High-risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.” American Journal of Sociology 92 (1): 64–90.
  • Moncrief, Gary F., Peverill Squire, and Malcom E. Jewell. 2001. Who Runs for the Legislature? Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • National School Board Association. n.d. What Do We Know About School Board Members? In Frequently Asked Questions. http://www.nsba.org/about-us/frequently-asked-questions.
  • Niven, David. 1998. The Missing Majority: The Recruitment of Women as State Legislative Candidates. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Niven, David. 2006. “Throwing Your Hat Out of the Ring: Negative Recruitment and the Gender Imbalance in State Legislative Candidacy.” Politics & Gender 2 (4): 473–489.
  • Pimlott, Jamie P. 2010. Women and the Democratic Party: The Evolution of Emily’s List. Amherst, New York: Cambria Press.
  • Sanbonmatsu, Kira. 2006. Where Women Run: Gender and Party in the American States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Sanbonmatsu, Kira, Susan Carroll, and Debbie Walsh. 2009. “poised to Run: Women’s Pathways to the State Legislature.” In Center for American Women and Politics http://www/cawp.rutgers.edu/stites/default/files/resources/poisedtorun_0.pdf (Accessed November 24, 2014).
  • Sapiro, Virginia. 1982. “Private Costs of Public Commitments or Public Costs of Private Commitments? Family Roles Versus Political Ambition.” American Journal of Political Science 26 (2): 265–279.
  • Schneider, M. C., M. R. Holman, A. B. Diekman, and T. McAndrew. 2015. “Power, Conflict, and Community: How Gendered Views of Political Power Influence Women’s Political Ambition.” Political Psychology 37 (4): 515–531.
  • Silbermann, R. 2015. “Gender Roles, Work-life Balance, and Running for Office.” Quarterly Journal of Political Science 10 (2): 123–153.
  • Stambough, Stephen J., and Valerie R. O’Regan. 2007. “Republican Lambs and the Democratic Pipeline: Partisan Differences in the Nomination of Female Gubernatorial Candidates.” Politics& Gender 3 (03): 349–368.
  • Sweet-Cushman, J. 2014. “Individual Differences in Psychological Evaluations of Electoral Risk: Furthering The Explanation of the Gender Gap in Candidate Emergence.” (PhD diss). Wayne State University.
  • United States House of Representatives. n.d. Women in Congress, History, Art, and Archives. http://history.house.gov/Exhibition-and-publications/WIC/Women-in-congress/.
  • Van Assendelft, Laura, and Cynthia Stottlemeyr. 2009. “Women in Local Public Office: A Case Study of Southwest/Western Virginia.” Virginia Social Science Journal 44: 1–21.
  • Welch, Susan. 1977. “Women as Political Animals? A Test of Some Explanations for Male-Female Political Participation Difference.” American Journal of Political Science 21 (4): 711–730.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.