531
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Dialogues Paper

Diversity, consensus, and decision making: evidence from the U.S. Courts of Appeals

, , &

References

  • Beim, Deborah, and Jonathan Kastellec. 2014. “The Interplay of Ideological Diversity, Dissents, and Discretionary Review in the Judicial Hierarchy: Evidence from Death Penalty Cases.” The Journal of Politics 76 (4): 1074–1088.
  • Benesh, Sara. 2006. “The Contribution of Extra Judges.” Arizona Law Review 48: 301–315.
  • Block, Frederic. 2006. “Senior Status: An Active Senior Judge Corrects Some Common Misunderstandings.” Cornell Law Review 92: 533–548.
  • Bowie, Jennifer Barnes, Donald R. Songer, and John Szmer. 2014. The View from the Bench and Chambers: Examining Judicial Process and Decision Making on the U.S. Courts of Appeals. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  • Boyd, Christina L., and Adam G. Rutkowski. 2020. “Judicial Behavior in Disability Cases: Do Judge Sex and Race Matter?” Politics, Groups, and Identities.
  • Brennan, William J., Jr. 1985. “In Defense of Dissents.” Hastings Law Journal 37: 427–438.
  • Brewer, Marilynn B. 1999. “The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?” Journal of Social Issues 55 (3): 429–444.
  • Caldeira, Gregory A., and Christopher J. W. Zorn. 1998. “Of Time and Consensual Norms in the Supreme Court.” American Journal of Political Science 43 (3): 874–902.
  • Cameron, Colin A., and Pravin K. Trivedi. 2010. Microeconometrics Using Stata. Rev ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
  • Chatman, Jennifer A., and Francis J. Flynn. 2001. “The Influence of Demographic Heterogeneity on the Emergence and Consequences of Cooperative Norms in Work Teams.” Academy of Management Journal 44 (5): 956–974.
  • Christensen, Robert K., and John J. Szmer. 2012. “Examining the Efficiency of the U.S. Courts of Appeals: Pathologies and Prescriptions.” International Review of Law and Economics. doi:10.1016/j.irle.2011.12.004.
  • Cohen, Jonathan Matthew. 2002. Inside the Appellate Courts: The Impact of Court Organization on Judicial Decision Making in the United States Courts of Appeals. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  • Correll, Shelley J., and Cecilia L. Ridgeway. 2006. “Expectation States Theory.” In Handbook of Social Psychology, edited by John Delamater, 23–51. New York: Klewater Academic: Plenum Publishers.
  • Dovi, Suzanne. 2020. “Women ‘Doing’ the Judiciary: Rethinking the Justice Argument for Descriptive Representation.” Politics, Groups, and Identities.
  • Epstein, Lee, William M. Landes, and Richard A. Posner. 2011. “Why (and When) Judges Dissent: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis.” Journal of Legal Analysis 3 (1): 101–137.
  • Epstein, Lee, William M. Landes, and Richard A. Posner. 2013. The Behavior of Federal Judges: A Theoretical & Empirical Study of Rational Choice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Goldman, Sheldon. 1997. Picking Federal Judges: Lower Court Selection from Roosevelt through Reagan. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Haire, Susan B., and Laura P. Moyer. 2015. Diversity Matters: Judicial Policy Making in the U.S. Courts of Appeals. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  • Haire, Susan, Laura Moyer, and Shawn Treier. 2013. “Diversity, Deliberation, and Judicial Opinion Writing.” Journal of Law and Courts 1 (3): 303–330.
  • Harris, Allison. 2018. “Can Racial Diversity Among Judges Affect Sentencing Outcomes?” Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the MPSA, April 2018. Chicago, IL.
  • Harrison, David, Kenneth H. Price, Joanne H. Gavin, and Anna T. Florey. 2002. “Times, Teams, and Task Performance: Changing Effects of Surface- and Deep-Level Diversity on Work Group Cohesion.” Academy of Management Journal 45: 1029–1045.
  • Hazelton, Morgan, Rachael Hinkle, and Michael Nelson. 2017. “The Elevator Effect: How Collegiality Impacts Dissent.” Unpublished Manuscript. http://mjnelson.org/papers/HHN.Elevator.Effect.pdf.
  • Hettinger, Virginia A., Stefanie A. Lindquist, and Wendy L. Martinek. 2006. Judging on a Collegial Court: Influences on Federal Appellate Decision Making. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
  • Hogg, Michael A., John C. Turner, and Barbara Davidson. 1990. “Polarized Norms and Social Frames of Reference: A Test of the Self-Categorization Theory of Group Polarization.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 11 (1): 77–100.
  • Hooper, Laural, Dean Miletich, and Angelia Levy. 2011. Case Management Procedures in the Federal Courts of Appeals. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Federal Judicial Center.
  • Janis, Irving L. 1972. Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
  • Jehn, Karen A., and Elizabeth A. Mannix. 2001. “The Dynamic Nature of Conflict: A Longitudinal Study of Intragroup Conflict and Group Performance.” Academy of Management Journal 44 (2): 238–251.
  • Jehn, Karen A., Gregory B. Northcraft, and Margaret A. Neale. 1999. “Why Differences Make a Difference: A Field Study of Diversity, Conflict and Performance in Workgroups.” Administrative Science Quarterly 44 (4): 741–763.
  • Johnson, Carrie. 2018. “Trump Is Reshaping The Judiciary. A Breakdown by Race, Gender and Qualification.” NPR, November 15. Accessed January 27, 2019. https://www.npr.org/2018/11/15/667483587/trump-is-reshaping-the-judiciary-a-breakdown-by-race-gender-and-qualification.
  • Kang, Alice, Miki Kittilson, Valerie Hoekstra, and Maria Escobar-Lemmon. 2020. “Diverse and Inclusive High Courts: A Global and Intersectional Perspective.” Politics, Groups, and Identities. doi:10.1080/21565503.2020.1782948.
  • Karpowitz, Christopher F., and Tali Mendelberg. 2014. The Silent Sex: Gender, Deliberation, and Institutions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Karpowitz, C., T. Mendelberg, and L. Shaker. 2012. “Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation.” American Political Science Review 106 (3): 533–547.
  • King, Eden B., Michelle R. Hebl, and Daniel J. Beal. 2009. “Conflict and Cooperation in Diverse Workgroups.” Journal of Social Issues 65 (2): 261–285.
  • Kirkpatrick, Jennet. 2020. “Fairness Has a Face: Descriptive Representation and Neutrality on Courts.” Politics, Groups, & Identities.
  • Lindquist, Stefanie A. 2007. “Bureaucratization and Balkanization: The Origins and the Effects of Decision-Making Norms in the Federal Appellate Courts.” University of Richmond Law Review 41: 659–706.
  • Mannix, Elizabeth, and Margaret A. Neale. 2005. “What Differences Make a Difference? The Promise and Reality of Diverse Teams in Organizations.” Psychological Science in the Public Interest 6 (2): 31–55.
  • Moyer, Laura. 2013. “Rethinking Critical Mass in the Federal Appellate Courts.” Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 34 (1): 49–71.
  • Moyer, Laura P., and Ellen M. Key. 2018. “Political Opportunism, Position Taking, and Court-Curbing Legislation.” Justice System Journal 39 (2): 155–170.
  • Patton, Dana, and Joseph Smith. 2017. “Lawyer, Interrupted: Gender Bias in Oral Arguments at the US Supreme Court.” Journal of Law and Courts 5 (2): 337–361.
  • Posner, Richard. 1996. The Federal Courts: Challenge and Reform. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Prasad, Pushkala, Judith K. Pringle, and Alison M. Konrad. 2006. “Examining the Contours of Workplace Diversity.” In Handbook of Workplace Diversity, edited by Pushkala Prasad, Judith K. Pringle, and Alison M. Konrad, 1–22. London, England: Sage.
  • Rucker, Philip. 2013. “Obama Pushing to Diversify Federal Judiciary Amid GOP Delays.” Washington Post, March 3. Accessed January 25, 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obama-pushing-to-diversify-federal-judiciary-amid-gop-delays/2013/03/03/.
  • Slotnick, Elliot E. 1983–1984. “The Paths to the Federal Bench: Gender, Race, and Judicial Recruitment Variation.” Judicature 67: 371–388.
  • Slotnick, Elliot, Sheldon Goldman, and Sara Schiavoni. 2015. “Writing the Book of Judges: Part 1: Obama’s Judicial Appointments Record after Six Years.” Journal of Law and Courts 3 (2): 331–367.
  • Tajfel, Henry, and John Turner. 1986. “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior.” In Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by S. Worchel and W. G. Austin, 7–24. Chicago, IL: Nelson Hall.
  • Tillman, Elizabeth A., and Rachael K. Hinkle. 2018. “Of Whites and Men: How Gender and Race Impact Authorship of Published and Unpublished Opinions in the US Courts of Appeals.” Research & Politics 5 (1): 1–7.
  • Tobias, Carl. 2003. “Sixth Circuit Federal Judicial Selection.” University of California Davis Law Review 36: 721–755.
  • Van Knippenberg, Daan, Carsten K. W. De Dreu, and Astrid C. Homan. 2004. “Work Group Diversity and Group Performance: An Integrative Model and Research Agenda.” Journal of Applied Psychology 89 (6): 1008–1021.
  • Yoon, Albert. 2005. “As You Like It: Senior Federal Judges and the Political Economy of Judicial Tenure.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 2 (3): 495–549.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.