Veteran social identity, partisanship, and political behavior

References

• Abdelal, Rawi, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Rose McDermott. 2009. Measuring Identity: A Guide for Social Scientists. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Abolfathi, Farid. 1980. “Threat, Public Opinion and Military Spending in the United States, 1930–1990.” In Threats, Weapons, and Foreign Policy, edited by Patrick McGowan and Charles W. Kegley, 83–133. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Albano, Sondra. 1994. “Military Recognition of Family Concerns: Revolutionary War to 1993.” Armed Forces and Society 20 (2): 283–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachman, Jerald G., Lee Sigelman, and Greg Diamond. 1987. “Self-Selection, Socialization, and Distinctive Military Values: Attitudes of High School Seniors.” Armed Forces & Society 13 (2): 169–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barabas, Jason, Jennifer Jerit, William Pollock, and Carlisle Rainey. 2014. “The Question(s) of Political Knowledge.” American Political Science Review 108 (4): 840–855.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreto, Matt. 2005. Ethnic Cues: The Role of Shared Ethnicity in Latino Political Participation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baum, Matthew A., and Tim Groeling. 2009. “Shot by the Messenger: Partisan Cues and Public Opinion Regarding National Security and War.” Political Behavior 31 (2): 157–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billig, Michael, and Henri Tajfel. 1973. “Social Categorization and Similarity in Intergroup Behaviour.” European Journal of Social Psychology 3 (1): 27–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, Risa A. 2019. “Integrating the Civil-Military Relations Subfield.” Annual Review of Political Science 22: 379–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, Risa A., Michael A. Robinson, and Heidi A. Urben. 2021. “What Makes a Military Professional? Evaluating Norm Socialization in West Point Cadets.” Armed Forces & Society. doi:10.1177/0095327X211026355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullock, John G. 2011. “Elite Influence on Public Opinion in an Informed Electorate.” American Political Science Review 105 (3): 496–515.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Canrinus, Esther T., Michelle Helms-Lorenz, Douwe Beijaard, Jaap Buitink, and Adriaan Hofman. 2011. “Profiling Teachers’ Sense of Professional Identity.” Educational Studies 37 (5): 593–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappella Zielinski, Rosella, Benjamin O. Fordham, and Kaija E. Schilde. 2017. “What Goes Up, Must Come Down? The Asymmetric Effects of Economic Growth and International Threat on Military Spending.” Journal of Peace Research 54 (6): 791–805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpini, Michael X. Delli, and Scott Keeter. 1993. “Measuring Political Knowledge: Putting First Things First.” American Journal of Political Science 37 (4): 1179–1206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, Jeff, and Charles E. Smith. 2020. “A Framework for Measuring Leaders’ Willingness to Use Force.” American Political Science Review 114 (4): 1352–1358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatagnier, J. Tyson, and Jonathan D. Klingler. 2017. “Military Combat and Attitudes Toward the Use of Force.” Peace Science Society (International). Tempe, AZ.
   Google Scholar
• Citrin, Jack, and David O. Sears. 2014. American Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cockerman, W. C. 1978. “Self-Selection and Career Orientation Among Enlisted United States Army Paratroopers – Research Note.” Journal of Political & Military Sociology 6: 249–259.
   Google Scholar
• Cormack, Lindsey. 2018. Congress and U.S. Veterans: From the GI Bill to the VA Crisis. Praeger: Westport, CT.
   Google Scholar
• Dorman, James E. 1976. “ROTC Cadet Attitudes-Product of Socialization or Self-Selection.” Journal of Political & Military Sociology 4: 203–216.
   Google Scholar
• Druckman, James N., Jordan Fein, and Thomas J. Leeper. 2012. “A Source of Bias in Public Opinion Stability.” American Political Science Review 106 (2): 430–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ely, Robin J. 1994. “The effects of organizational demographics and social identity on relationships among professional women.” Administrative Science Quarterly 203–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endicott, Travis W. 2020. “Combat Experience and the Foreign Policy Positions of Veterans.” Social Science Quarterly 101 (4): 1413–1429. doi:10.1111/ssqu.12796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feaver, Peter, and Richard H. Kohn. 2001. Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National Security. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Flum, Hanoch, and Avi Kaplan. 2012. “Identity Formation in Educational Settings: A Contextualized View of Theory and Research in Practice.” Contemporary Educational Psychology 37 (3): 240–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fordham, Benjamin O. 2001. “Military Interests and Civilian Politics: The Influence of the Civil–Military Gap on Peacetime Military Policy.” In Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National Security, edited by Peter Feaver and Richard H. Kohn, 327–360. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fredman, Leah A., Michael D. Buhrmester, Angel Gómez, William T. Fraser, Sanaz Talaifar, Skyler M. Brannon, and William B. Swann. 2015. “Identity Fusion, Extreme Pro-Group Behavior, and the Path to Defusion.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 9 (9): 468–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gartner, Scott Sigmund. 2008. “Ties to the Dead: Connections to Iraq War and 9/11 Casualties and Disapproval of the President.” American Sociological Review 73 (4): 690–695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golby, Jim, and Mara Karlin. 2020, June12. “The Case for Rethinking the Politicization of the Military.” Task & Purpose. Accessed June 21, 2021. https://taskandpurpose.com/analysis/us-military-politics-politicization/.
   Google Scholar
• Goldie, John. 2012. “The Formation of Professional Identity in Medical Students: Considerations for Educators.” Medical Teacher 34 (9): 641–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzáles-Figueroa, Evelyn, and Angela M. Young. 2005. “Ethnic Identity and Mentoring Among Latinas in Professional Roles.” Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 11 (3): 213–226.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green, Donald P., Bradley Palmquist, and Eric Schickler. 2004. Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Greene, Steven. 1999. “Understanding Party Identification: A Social Identity Approach.” Political Psychology 20 (2): 393–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, Steven. 2004. “Social Identity Theory and Party Identification.” Social Science Quarterly 85 (1): 136–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, Molly M., Calvin R. Coker, Michelle E. Funk, and Benjamin R. Warner. 2019. “Which Ingroup, When? Effects of Gender, Partisanship, Veteran Status, and Evaluator Identities on Candidate Evaluations.” Communication Quarterly 67 (2): 199–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman, Mirya R., and Monica C. Schneider. 2018. “Gender, Race, and Political Ambition: How Intersectionality and Frames Influence Interest in Political Office.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 6 (2): 264–280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, Michael C., and Allan C. Stam. 2014. “How Prior Military Experience Influences the Future Militarized Behavior of Leaders.” International Organization 68 (3): 527–559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell, Susan E., and Christine L. Day. 2000. “Complexities of the Gender Gap.” Journal of Politics 62 (3): 858–874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huntington, Samuel P. 1981. The Solider and the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, I. I. I., and W. Bailey. 2012. “Black Identity Development.” In New Perspectives on Racial Identity Development: Integrating Emerging Frameworks, edited by Charmaine L. Wijeyesinghe and Bailey W. Jackson III, 33–50. New York: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jennings, M. Kent, and Gregory B. Markus. 1977. “The Effect of Military Service on Political Attitudes: A Panel Study.” American Political Science Review 71 (1): 131–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klar, Samara. 2018. “When Common Identities Decrease Trust: An Experimental Study of Partisan Women.” American Journal of Political Science 62 (3): 610–622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klingler, Jonathan D., and J. Tyson Chatagnier. 2014. “Are you Doing Your Part? Veterans Political Attitudes and Heinlein's Conception of Citizenship.” Armed Forces and Society 40 (4): 673–695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, James S., and Francisco I. Pedraza. 2012. “Missing Voices: War Attitudes among Military.” Armed Forces & Society 38 (3): 391–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krueger, James S., and Francisco I. Pedraza. 2015. “Ties That Bind: Revisiting Context, Identity.” Research & Politics 2 (3): 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Leal, David L., and Jeremy M. Teigen. 2018. “Military Service and Political Participation in the United States: Institutional Experience and the Vote.” Electoral Studies 53: 99–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Taeku. 2008. “Race, Immigration, and the Identity-to-Politics Link.” Annual Review of Political Science 11 (1): 457–478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levendusky, Matthew S. 2012. “Clearer Cues, More Consistent Voters: A Benefit of Elite Polarization.” Political Behavior 32 (1): 111–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lupton, Danielle L. 2017. “Out of the Service, Into the House: Military Experience and Congressional War Oversight.” Political Research Quarterly 70 (2): 327–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, Lilliana, and Julie Wronski. 2018. “One Tribe to Bind Them all: How our Social Group Attachments.” Political Psychology 39: 252–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan. 2012. “Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony.” In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, 41–62. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Norrander, Barbara, and Clyde Wilcox. 2008. “The Gender Gap in Ideology.” Political Behavior 30 (4): 503–523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, Christopher S. 2009. Fighting for Democracy: Black Veterans and the Struggle Against White Supremacy in the Postwar South. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Petrocik, John Richard. 2009. “Measuring Party Support: Leaners are not Independents.” Electoral Studies 28 (4): 562–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman, Peter J., and David W. Tarr. 2001. “Military Professionalism and Policymaking: Is There a Civil-Military Gap at the Top? If So, Does it Matter?” In Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National Security, edited by Peter D. Feaver and Richard H. Kohn, 403–428. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schachter, Elli P., and Yisrael Rich. 2011. “Identity Education: A Conceptual Framework for Educational Researchers and Practitioners.” Educational Psychologist 46 (4): 222–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiber, E. M. 1979. “Authoritarian Attitudes in the United States Army.” Armed Forces & Society 6 (1): 122–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, Theresa, Rebecca Best, and Jeremy Teigen. 2019. “See G.I. Jane Run: The Rise of Female Military Veteran Candidates for Congress.” Presented at the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society Conference. Reston, VA.
   Google Scholar
• Segal, Mady Wechsler. 1986. “The Military and the Family as Greedy Institutions.” Armed Forces & Society 13 (1): 9–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shay, Jonathan. 1994. Achilles in Vietnam: Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character. New York: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Rogers M. 1992. “If Politics Matters: Implications for a ‘New Institutionalism’.” Studies in American Political Development 6: 1–36.
   Google Scholar
• Stein, Nathan R., Mary Alice Mills, Kimberly Arditte, Crystal Mendoza, Adam M. Borah, Patricia A. Resick, Brett T. Litz, and Strong Star Consortium. 2012. “A Scheme for Categorizing Traumatic Military Events.” Behavior Modification 36 (6): 787–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann, William B., and Michael D. Buhrmester. 2015. “Identity Fusion.” Current Directions in Pyschological Science 24 (1): 52–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swann, William B., Angel Gómez, D. Conor Seyle, J. Morales, and Carmen Huici. 2009. “Identity Fusion: The Interplay of Personal and Social Identities in Extreme Group Behavior.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96 (5): 995–1011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel, Henri. 1978. “The Achievement of Group Differentiation.” In Differentiation Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 77–98. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, Henri. 1981. “Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology.” CUP Archive.
   Google Scholar
• Tajfel, Henri, and John C. Turner. 1979. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations 33 (47): 74.
   Google Scholar
• Teigen, Jeremy M. 2013. “Military Experience in Elections and Perceptions of Issue Competence: An Experimental Study with Television Ads.” Armed Forces and Society 39 (3): 415–433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theys, Marissa, James S. Krueger, and Francisco I. Pedraza. 2020. “Identity Fusion and the Use of Force: A Group-Psychological Explanation for Support of Military Interventions.” Political Research Quarterly 73 (2): 381–395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, Mark. 2016, March 10. “Here's Why the U.S. Military is a Family Business.” Time. Accessed March 14, 2020. https://time.com/4254696/military-family-business/.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, John C. 1982. “Towards a Cognitive Redefinition of the Social Group.” In Social Identity and Intergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 15–40. Cambridge: University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Willetts, Georgina, and David Clarke. 2014. “Constructing Nurses’ Professional Identity Through Social Identity Theory.” International Journal of Nursing Practice 20 (2): 164–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, Janelle S., S. Karthick Ramakrishnan, Taeku Lee, and Janelle Wong. 2011. Asian American Political Participation: Emerging Constituents and Their Political Identities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar