1,495
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Fair Trade Tourism South Africa: A Pragmatic Poverty Reduction Mechanism?

Pages 237-251 | Published online: 20 Sep 2011

References

  • Andereck , K. L. , Valentine , K. M. , Knopf , R. C. and Vogt , C. A. 2005 . Residents' Perceptions of Community Tourism Impacts . Annals of Tourism Research , 32 ( 4 ) : 1056 – 76 .
  • Ap , J. 1990 . Resident's Perceptions on Tourism Impacts . Annals of Tourism Research , 19 ( 4 ) : 665 – 90 .
  • Ashley , C. , Roe , D. and Goodwin , H. 2001 . “ Pro-Poor Tourism: Making Tourism Work for the Poor, PPT Report no.1 ” . 1 – 54 . London : ODI, IIED and ICRT .
  • Beddoe , C. 2004 . Labour Standards, Social Responsibility and Tourism , London : Tourism Concern .
  • Bhat , B. R. 2009 . Opportunity and Challenge of Organic Certification System in Nepal . Journal of Agriculture and Environment , 10 : 124 – 29 .
  • Briassoulis , H. 2000 . “ Environmental impacts of tourism: A framework for analysis and evaluation ” . In Tourism and the Environment Regional, Economic, Cultural and Policy Issues , 2 , Edited by: Briassoulis , H. and van der Straaten , J. 21 – 37 . Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands : Kluwer .
  • Brown , F. and Hall , D. 2008 . Tourism and Development in the Global South: The Issues . Third World Quarterly , 29 ( 5 ) : 839 – 49 .
  • Butcher , J. 2003 . The Moralization of Tourism: Sun, Sand…and Saving the World? , London : Routledge .
  • Carbone , M. 2005 . Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries: Poverty Alleviating, Participatory Planning, and Ethical Issues . European Journal of Development Research , 17 ( 3 ) : 559 – 65 .
  • Chesworth , N. 2010 . “ Canada's just us! Coffee Roasters Co-operative coffee tour venture ” . In Coffee Culture, Destinations and Tourism , Edited by: Jolliffe , A. 172 – 80 . Bristol : Channel View .
  • Cleverdon , R. and Kalisch , A. 2000 . Fair Trade in Tourism . International Journal of Tourism Research , 2 : 171 – 87 .
  • Eagles , P. , McCool , S. and Haynes , C. 2002 . Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management , Gland, , Switzerland : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources .
  • Evans , G. L. and Cleverdon , R. 2000 . “ Fair trade in tourism: Community development or marketing tool? ” . In Tourism and Sustainable Community Development , Edited by: Richards , G. and Hall , D. 137 – 53 . London : Routledge .
  • Fennell , D. A. 1999 . Ecotourism: An Introduction , New York : Routledge .
  • Fennell , D. A. 2006 . Tourism Ethics , London : Cromwell .
  • Font , X. 2002 . Environmental Certification in Tourism and Hospitality: Progress, Process and Prospects . Tourism Management , 23 ( 3 ) : 197 – 205 .
  • FTSA . 2009 . Fair Trade South Africa . Available at: http://www.fairtrade.org.za (accessed 24 September 2009)
  • FTTSA (Fair Trade Tourism South Africa) . 2008a . FTTSA Annual Report 2007/2008 , Available at: http://www.fairtourismsa.org.za/pdffiles/FTTAnnualReport2008.pdf (accessed 2 September 2009)
  • FTTSA (Fair Trade Tourism South Africa) . 2008b . FTTSA Guide to Certification Procedures . Available at: http://www.fairtourismsa.org.za/certified_onlinemanual.htm (accessed 26 January 2011)
  • FTTSA (Fair Trade Tourism South Africa) . 2008c . Fair Trade Tourism South Africa . Available at: http://www.fairtourismsa.org.za/fairtrade_insouthafrica.html (accessed 12 March 2009)
  • FTTSA (Fair Trade Tourism South Africa) . 2010 . How Does FTTSA Certification Work? . Available at: http://exdima.sippo.ch/tourismSA/how_does_it_work.htm (accessed 20 January 2011)
  • Goodwin , H. and Boekhold , H. 2010 . “ Beyond fair trade: Enhancing the livelihoods of coffee farmers in Tanzania ” . In Coffee Culture, Destinations and Tourism , Edited by: Jolliffe , A. 181 – 196 . Bristol : Channel View .
  • Goodwin , H. and Roe , D. 2001 . Tourism, Livelihoods and Protected Areas: Opportunities for Fair-Trade Tourism in and Around National Parks . International Journal of Tourism Research , 3 : 377 – 91 .
  • Grindle , M. S. 2004 . Good Enough Governance: Poverty Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries . Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions , 17 ( 4 ) : 525 – 48 .
  • Grosspietsch , M. 2005 . Tourism and Fair Trade . Sustainable Development through Tourism , 1 : 1 – 7 .
  • Handszuh , H. F. 2008 . “ Is Tourism Fair? What the Figures do not Tell ” . In Tourism Development Growth, Myths and Inequalities , Edited by: Burns , P. and Novelli , M. 28 – 38 . Wallingford : CABI .
  • Higgins-Desbiolles , F. 2006 . More than an “Industry”: The Forgotten Power of Tourism as a Social Force . Tourism Management , 27 : 1192 – 208 .
  • Honey , M. 2008 . Ecotourism and Sustainable Development Who Owns Paradise? , 2 , Washington : Island Press .
  • Hultsman , J. 1995 . Just Tourism: An Ethical Framework . Annals of Tourism Research , 22 ( 3 ) : 553 – 67 .
  • Kadt , E. 1979 . Tourism—Passport to Development? Perspectives on the Social and Cultural Effects of Tourism in Developing Countries , New York : Oxford University .
  • Kalisch , A. 2001 . Tourism as Fair Trade, NGO Perspectives , London : Tourism Concern .
  • Kavallinis , I. and Pizam , A. 1994 . The Environmental Impacts of Tourism—Whose Responsibility is it Anyway? The Case Study of Mykonos . Journal of Travel Research , 33 ( 2 ) : 26 – 32 .
  • Krippendorf , J. 1991 . The Holiday Makers: Understanding the Impact of Leisure and Travel , Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann .
  • Mahony , K. 2007 . Certification in the South African Tourism Industry: The Case of Fair Trade in Tourism . Development Southern Africa , 24 ( 3 ) : 393 – 408 .
  • Matheison , A. and Wall , G. 1982 . Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts , New York : Longman Scientific .
  • Mbaiwa , J. E. 2002 . The Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development on the Okavango Delta, North-Western Botswana . Journal of Arid Environments , 54 ( 2 ) : 447 – 67 .
  • McNeil , M. and Malena , C. 2010 . Demanding Good Governance , Washington : International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank .
  • Mkwezalamba , M. M. and Chinyama , E. J. 2007 . Implementation of Africa's Integration and Development Agenda: Challenges and Prospects . African Integration Review , 1 ( 1 ) : 1 – 16 .
  • Mvula , C. D. 2001 . Fair Trade in Tourism to Protected Areas—A Micro Case Study of Wildlife Tourism to South Luangwa National Park, Zambia . International Journal of Tourism Research , 3 ( 5 ) : 393 – 405 .
  • Nawijn , J. , Peeters , P. and Van Der Sterren . 2008 . “ The ST-EP Programme and LDCs ” . In Tourism Development Growth, Myths and Inequalities , Edited by: Burns , P. and Novelli , M. 1 – 10 . Wallingford : CABI .
  • Oppermann , M. 1998 . Sex Tourism and Prostitution: Aspects of Leisure, Recreation, and Work , New York : Cognizant .
  • Orams , M. B. 2002 . Feeding Wildlife as a Tourism Attraction: A Review of Issues and Impacts . Tourism Management , 23 ( 3 ) : 281 – 93 .
  • Pizam , A. 1978 . Tourism's Impacts: The social costs to the destination community as perceived by its residents . Journal of Travel Research , 16 ( 4 ) : 8 – 12 .
  • Pluss , C. 2003 . Fair Trade—Also in Tourism! . Working Group on Tourism and Development. Available at: http://www.akte.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/akte/PDF_engl/fair/fair_trade_also_in_tourism.pdf (accessed 12 July 2007)
  • Poon , A. 1993 . Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies , Wallingford : CABI .
  • Poon , A. 2003 . “ Competitive Strategies for a ‘New Tourism’ ” . In Classic Reviews in Tourism , Edited by: Cooper , C. 130 – 42 . Bristol : Channel View .
  • PPT (Pro-Poor Tourism) . 2002 . How is PPT Different from Other Forms of Alternative Tourism? , Available at: http://www.propoortourism.org.uk/ppt_principles.html (accessed 2 October 2009)
  • Rogerson , C. M. 2004 . “ Tourism, Small Firm Development and Empowerment in Post-Apartheid South Africa ” . In Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives , Edited by: Thomas , R. 13 – 34 . Amsterdam : Elsevier .
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1996 . The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act No. 108 of 1996 , Pretoria : Government Printers .
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 1998 . Tourism in Gear: Tourism Development Strategy 1998–2000 , Pretoria : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • RSA (Republic of South Africa) . 2000 . Unblocking Delivery on Tourism Strategy by Government Departments , Pretoria : Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism .
  • Scheyvens , R. 1999 . Tourism for Development: Achieving Justice through Tourism , London : Pearson .
  • Scheyvens , R. 2002 . Tourism for Development: Empowering Communities , Harlow : Prentice Hall .
  • Scheyvens , R. 2007 . Poor Cousins No More: Valuing the Development Potential of Domestic and Diaspora Tourism . Progress in Development Studies , 7 ( 4 ) : 307 – 25 .
  • Seif , J. 2001 . Facilitating Market Access for South Africa's Disadvantaged Communities and Population Groups through “Fair Trade in Tourism . Fair Trade in Tourism South Africa, IUCN South Africa and University of Chicago (unpublished)
  • Seif , J. 2009 . Fair Trade in Tourism South Africa . Available at: http://geotourism.changemakers.com/en-us/node/20897 (accessed 4 April 2009)
  • Seif , J. and Spenceley , A. 2007 . “ Assuring Community Benefit in South Africa through “Fair Trade in Tourism” Certification ” . In Quality Assurance and Certification in Ecotourism , Edited by: Black , R. and Crabtree , A. 241 – 65 . London : CABI .
  • Shaw , D. and Newholm , T. 2002 . Voluntary Simplicity and the Ethics of Consumption . Psychology and Marketing , 19 ( 2 ) : 167 – 85 .
  • Tourism Concern . 2009 . Fair Trade in Tourism . Available at: http://www.tourismconcern.org.uk/index.php?page=news (accessed 9 January 2009)
  • Tribe , J. 2002 . Education for Ethical Tourism Action . Journal of Sustainable Tourism , 10 ( 2 ) : 309 – 21 .
  • Wheat , S. 1999 . Ethical Tourism, Tourism Concern , Available at: www.ecotourism.org.hk/other%20files/Ethical%20Tourism.doc (accessed 9 September 2009)
  • Wheeler , B. 1991 . Tourism's Troubled Times: Responsible Tourism is not the Answer . Tourism Management , 12 ( 2 ) : 91 – 96 .
  • World Tourism Organization . 2006 . International Tourist Arrivals, Tourism Market Trends, 2006 Edition–Annex, United Nations , Madrid : World Tourism Organization .
  • Worthen , B. R. 1999 . Critical Challenges Confronting Certification of Evaluators . American Journal of Evaluation , 20 ( 3 ) : 533 – 555 .
  • Wright , J. 2006 . Code Green . The Australian , 29 April 2006

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.