Fiscal Incentives for Tourism Development in the Philippines: A Case Study from Policy Networks and Advocacy Coalition Framework

References

• Airey, D. (2015). Developments in understanding tourism policy. Tourism Review, 70(4), 246–258. doi: 10.1108/TR-08-2014-0052
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Airey, D., & Chong, K. (2010). National policy-makers for tourism in China. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(2), 295–314. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2009.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Airey, D., & Ruhanen, L. (2014). Tourism policy-making in Australia: A national and state perspective. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(2), 149–162. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2013.864991
   Google Scholar
• Albrecht, J. N. (2013). Networking for sustainable tourism – towards a research agenda. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(5), 639–657. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2012.721788
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. (1988). Cacique democracy and the Philippines: Origins and dreams. New Left Review, 169, 3–33.
   Google Scholar
• Baggio, R., Scott, N., & Cooper, C. (2010). Improving tourism destination governance: A complexity science approach. Tourism Review, 65(4), 51–60. doi: 10.1108/16605371011093863
   Google Scholar
• Bandelow, N. C., & Kundolf, S. (2011). Belief systems and the emergence of advocacy coalitions in nascent sub-systems: A case study of the European GNSS program Galileo. German Policy Studies, 7(2), 113–139.
   Google Scholar
• Bardach E. (1977). The implementation game: What happens after a bill becomes a law (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, S., & Fudge, C. (1981). Policy and action: Essays on the implementation of public policy. London: Methuen.
   Google Scholar
• Beaumont, N., & Dredge, D. (2010). Local tourism governance: A comparison of three network approaches. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 7–28. doi: 10.1080/09669580903215139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello, W. (2009). Neoliberalism as hegemonic ideology in the Philippines. Monthly Review Online. Retrieved from http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2009/bello051109.html
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell, B., & Meyer, D. (2007). Power and tourism policy relations in transition. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(3), 766–788. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Candelaria, N. P. (2015). Introduction to Philippine politics: Local politics, the state, nation-building, and democratization. Philippine Political Science Journal, 36(2), 235–237. doi: 10.1080/01154451.2015.1084686
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson, L. (2000). Policy networks as collective action. Policy Studies Journal, 28(3), 502–520. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2000.tb02045.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanco, B. (2013, May 8). Do we have an economic game plan? The Philippine Star. Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/05/08/939515/do-we-have-economic-game-plan
   Google Scholar
• Clancy, M. J. (1999). Tourism and development: Evidence from Mexico. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(1), 1–20. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00046-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clausen, A. (2010). Economic globalization and regional disparities in the Philippines. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 31, 299–316. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9493.2010.00405.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Dios, E. (1990). A political economy of Philippine policy-making. In J. W. Langford & K. L. Brownsey (Eds.), Economic policy-making in the Asia-Pacific region (pp. 109–147). Halifax: The Institute for Research on Public Policy.
   Google Scholar
• Dela Santa, E. (2013). The politics of implementing Philippine tourism policy: A policy network and advocacy coalition framework approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(8), 913–933. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2012.717958
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dela Santa, E. (2015). The evolution of Philippine tourism policy implementation from 1973 to 2009. Tourism Planning & Development, 12(2), 155–175. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2014.913675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dela Santa, E., & Saporsantos, J. (2016). Philippine Tourism Act of 2009: Tourism policy formulation analysis from multiple streams. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 8(1), 53–70. doi: 10.1080/19407963.2015.1047378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds, R., & Butler, R. (2009). Barriers to implementing sustainable tourism policy in mass tourism destinations. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 5(1), 35–53.
   Google Scholar
• Dolan, C. J. (2003). Economic policy and decision making at the intersection of domestic and international politics: The advocacy coalition framework and the National Economic Council. Policy Studies Journal, 31(2), 209–236. doi: 10.1111/1541-0072.00012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo, R. W. (2013, May 22). Hotels’ bid for tax perks rejected. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from http://business.inquirer.net/123257/hotels-bid-for-tax-perks-rejected
   Google Scholar
• Dowding, K. (1995). Model or metaphor? A critical review of the policy network approach. Political Studies, 43(1), 136–158. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.1995.tb01705.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dredge, D. (2006). Policy networks and the local organisation of tourism. Tourism Management, 27(2), 269–280. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dredge, D., & Jamal, T. (2015). Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, 285–297. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drope, J., Chavez, J. C., Lencucha, R., & McGrady, B. (2014). The political economy of foreign direct investment – evidence from the Philippines. Policy and Society, 33, 39–52. doi: 10.1016/j.polsoc.2014.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dye, R. T. (2008). Understanding public policy (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon pushes tourism economic zones. (2013, May 1). Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from http://ph.news.yahoo.com/gordon-pushes-tourism-economic-zones-191500652.html
   Google Scholar
• Gunn, C. A. (1994). Tourism planning (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, K. (2014). A comparative policy analysis of coalition strategies: Case studies of nuclear energy and forest management in India. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(4), 356–372. doi: 10.1080/13876988.2014.886812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism planning: Policies, processes and relationships. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, A. D., Ingold, K., Nohrstedt, D., & Weible, C. M. (2014). Policy change in comparative contexts: Applying the advocacy coalition framework outside of Western Europe and North America. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(4), 299–312. doi: 10.1080/13876988.2014.941200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchcroft, P. D. (1998). Booty capitalism: The politics of banking in the Philippines. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins-Smith, H. C., Nohrstedt, D., Weible, C. M., & Sabatier, P. A. (2014). The advocacy coalition framework: Foundations, evolution, and ongoing research. In P. A. Sabatier & C. M. Weible (Eds.), Theories of the policy process (3rd ed., pp. 183–223). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• John, P. (2003). Is there life after policy streams, advocacy coalitions, and punctuations: Using evolutionary theory to explain policy change? Policy Studies Journal, 31(4), 481–498. doi: 10.1111/1541-0072.00039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. J., & Roh, C. Y. (2008). Beyond the advocacy coalition framework in policy process. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(6), 668–689. doi: 10.1080/01900690701465384
   Google Scholar
• Kimbu, A. N., & Ngoasong, M. Z. (2013). Centralised decentralisation of tourism development: A network perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 40, 235–259. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2012.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krutwaysho, O., & Bramwell, B. (2010). Tourism policy implementation and society. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(3), 670–691. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2009.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landé, C. H. (1965). Leaders, factions, and parties: The structure of Philippine politics (No. 6). Southeast Asia Studies. New Haven, CT: Yale University.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, J. B., Vrangbæk, K., & Traulsen, J. M. (2006). Advocacy coalitions and pharmacy policy in Denmark – solid cores with fuzzy edges. Social Science & Medicine, 63(1), 212–224. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozada, J. N. (2013, November 26). TIEZA. 1st National conference on tourism governance: sustainability and inclusivity in governance of tourism destinations, SMX Convention Center, Pasay City.
   Google Scholar
• Lusterio-Rico, R. (2007). Civil society groups and the legislative process: The enactment of the indigenous peoples’ rights act. Philippine Political Science Journal, 28(51), 55–84. doi: 10.1080/01154451.2007.9723502
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magadia, J. J. (2003). State-society dynamics: Policy making in a restored democracy. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maguigad, V. (2013). Tourism planning in archipelagic Philippines: A case review. Tourism Management Perspectives, 7, 25–33. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2013.03.003
   Google Scholar
• Matland, R. E. (1995). Synthesizing the implementation literature: The ambiguity conflict model of policy implementation. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 5(2), 145–174.
   Google Scholar
• Mikamo, S. (2013). Business associations and politics in the post-EDSA Philippines: neither oligarchy nor civil society. Philippine Political Science Journal, 34(1), 6–26. doi: 10.1080/01154451.2013.789165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mintrom, M., & Vergari, S. (1996). Advocacy coalitions, policy entrepreneurs, and policy change. Policy Studies Journal, 24(3), 420–434. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.1996.tb01638.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montefrio, M. J. F. (2014). State versus Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: Comparative analysis of stable system parameters, policy constraints and the process of delegitimation. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(4), 335–355. doi: 10.1080/13876988.2014.938912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosedale, J. (2011). Political economy of tourism: A critical perspective. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Nohrstedt, D. (2011). Shifting resources and venues producing policy change in contested subsystems: A case study of Swedish signals intelligence policy. Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 461–484. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00417.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pamintuan, A. M. (2013, April 29). Inconsistent. Philippine Star. Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2013/04/29/936174/inconsistent
   Google Scholar
• Pavlovich, K. (2003). The evolution and transformation of a tourism destination network: The Waitomo Caves, New Zealand. Tourism Management, 24(2), 203–216. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00056-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pforr, C. (2006). Tourism policy in the making: An Australian network study. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 87–108. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2005.04.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter, L. (1989). The politics of tourism in Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier, P. A. (1993). Policy change over a decade or more. In P. A. Sabatier & H. C. Jenkins-Smith (Eds.), Policy change and learning: An advocacy coalition approach (pp. 13–39). Boulder: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. (1993). Policy change and learning: An advocacy coalition framework. Boulder, CO: Westview.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier, P. A., & Jenkins-Smith, H. C. (1999). The advocacy coalition framework: An assessment. In P. A. Sabatier (Ed.), Theories of the policy process (pp. 117–166). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sabatier, P., & Weible, C. (2007). The advocacy coalition: Innovations and clarifications. Theories of the Policy Process, 2, 189–220.
   Google Scholar
• Schlager, E. (1999). A comparison of frameworks, theories, and models of policy processes. Theories of the Policy Process, 1, 233–260.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, V. (1992). The structure of policy networks. European Journal of Political Research, 21(1–2), 109–129. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1992.tb00291.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, N., Cooper, C., & Baggio, R. (2008). Destination networks: Four Australian cases. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 169–188. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpley, R., & Telfer, D. J. (2014). Tourism and development: Concepts and issues. Toronto: Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, A. (2000). Policy networks and advocacy coalitions: Explaining policy change and stability in UK industrial pollution policy? Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 18, 95–114. doi: 10.1068/c9810j
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotirov, M., & Memmler, M. (2012). The advocacy coalition framework in natural resource policy studies – recent experiences and further prospects. Forest Policy and Economics, 16, 51–64. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2011.06.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevenson, N., Airey, D., & Miller, G. (2008). Tourism policy making: The policymakers’ perspectives. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 732–750. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2008.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tadem, T. S. E. (2013). Philippine technocracy and the politics of economic decision making during the martial law period (1972–1986). Social Science Diliman, 9(2), 1–15.
   Google Scholar
• Tadem, T. S. E. (2015). The politics of “educating” the Philippine technocratic elite. Philippine Political Science Journal, 36(2), 127–146. doi: 10.1080/01154451.2015.1084748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, D. R. (2006). A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 237–246. doi: 10.1177/1098214005283748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2008). A network perspective on managing stakeholders for sustainable urban tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(4), 445–461. doi: 10.1108/09596110810873543
   Google Scholar
• Trousdale, W. J. (1999). Governance in context: Boracay Island, Philippines. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 840–867. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00036-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truong, V. D. (2014). Pro-poor tourism: Looking backward as we move forward. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(2), 228–242. doi: 10.1080/21568316.2013.864996
   Google Scholar
• University of the Philippines Centre for Integrative and Development Studies. (1994). Policy issues, responses, and constituencies: State-civil society relations in policy making. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Zee, E., & Vanneste, D. (2015). Tourism networks unravelled; a review of the literature on networks in tourism management studies. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15, 46–56. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.03.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Waarden, F. (1992). Dimensions and types of policy networks. European Journal of Political Research, 21, 29–52. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1992.tb00287.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villamor, G. B. (2006). The rise of protected area policy in the Philippine forest policy: An analysis from the perspective of Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Forest Policy and Economics, 9(2), 162–178. doi: 10.1016/j.forpol.2005.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volgger, M., & Pechlaner, H. (2015). Governing networks in tourism: What have we achieved, what is still to be done and learned? Tourism Review, 70(4), 298–312. doi: 10.1108/TR-04-2015-0013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., & Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism Management, 36, 342–353. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.10.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, D., & Ap, J. (2013). Factors affecting tourism policy implementation: A conceptual framework and a case study in China. Tourism Management, 36, 221–233. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications. Oxford: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Weible, C. M. (2005). Beliefs and perceived influence in a natural resource conflict: An advocacy coalition approach to policy networks. Political Research Quarterly, 58(3), 461–475. doi: 10.1177/106591290505800308
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weible, C. M., & Sabatier, P. A. (2005). Comparing policy networks: Marine protected areas in California. Policy Studies Journal, 33(2), 181–201. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00101.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weible, C. M., Sabatier, P. A., & McQueen, K. (2009). Themes and variations: Taking stock of the advocacy coalition framework. Policy Studies Journal, 37(1), 121–140. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00299.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanow, D. (1990). Tackling the implementation problem: Epistemological issues in implementation research. In D. J. Palumbo & D. J. Calista (Eds.), Implementation and the policy process: Opening up the black box (pp. 213–227). New York, NY: Greenwood.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, C., Fyall, A., & Zheng, Y. (2015). Heritage and tourism conflict within world heritage sites in China: A longitudinal study. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(2), 110–136. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.912204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., & Yan, Q. (2012). Dynamics of tourism policy making: Evidence from the tax rebate policy in Hainan Island, China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 8(1), 117–121. doi: 10.1080/19388160.2012.648463
   Google Scholar