Children with multiple stays at Nordic refuges for abused women: conclusions, challenges, and causes for concern

References

• Adamson, Jackie L., and Ross A. Thompson. 1998. “Coping with Interparental Verbal Conflict by Children Exposed to Spouse Abuse and Children from Nonviolent Homes.” Journal of Family Violence 13 (3): 213–232.10.1023/A:1022896804777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almqvist, Kerstin, and Anders Broberg. 2004. Barn som bevittnat våld mot mamma – En studie om kvinnor og barn som vistas på kvinnojourer i Göteborg [Children Who Experience Violence Against their Mothers – A Study of Women and Children Living at Refuges in Göteborg]. Göteborg: Lundby Stadsdelförvaltning.
   Google Scholar
• Arnell, Ami, and Inger Ekbom. 1999. ‘Och han sparked mamma’: Möte med barn som bevittnar våld i sina familier [‘Then He Kicked Mom’: Encounters With Children Who Witness Violence in their Families]. Stockholm: Rädda Barnen.
   Google Scholar
• Askeland, Ingunn Rangul, Bente Lømo, John-Filip Strandmoen, Trond Heir, and Odd Arne Tjersland. 2012. Kjennetegn hos menn som har oppsøkt alternativ til vold (ATV) for vold i nære relasjoner [Characteristics of Men Who Have Sought Help From Alternative to Violence (ATV) for Violence in Close Relationships]. Oslo: NKVTS.
   Google Scholar
• Bancroft, Lundy, and Jay G. Silverman. 2002. The Batterer as Parent: Addressing the Impact of Domestic Violence on Family Dynamics. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Barlach, Lise, and Kirstina Stenager. 2010. LOKK årsstatistik 2009: Kvinder og børn på krisecenter [LOKK Annual Report 2009: Women and Children at the Refuge]. Odense: Servicestyrelsen.
   Google Scholar
• Barlach, Lise, and Kirstina Stenager. 2012. LOKK årsstatistik 2011: Kvinder og børn på krisecenter – Kvinderne og børnenes sundhed og trivsel [LOKK Annual Report 2011: Women and Children at the Refuge and Women and Children’s Health and Wellbeing]. Odense: Servicestyrelsen.
   Google Scholar
• Barlach, Lise, and Kirstina Stenager. 2013. LOKK årsstatistik 2012: Kvinder og børn på krisecenter – Psykologsamtaler til kvinder og børn [LOKK Annual Report 2012: Women and Children at the Refuge: Psychological Consultations with Women and Children]. Odense: Servicestyrelsen.
   Google Scholar
• Barnet- og Likestillingdepartementet. 2008–09. Om lov om kommunale krisetilbod: Krisesenterlova [About the Law for Municipal Refuge Services: The Refuge Act]. Oslo: Barne- og Likestillingdepartementet.
   Google Scholar
• Behrens, Hanne L. 2002. 5230 Børn på krisecenter – En deskriptive Undersøgelse [5230 Children In Refuges – A Descriptive Study]. Esbjerg: Grafisk Trykcenter AS.
   Google Scholar
• Bogat, G. A., E. DeJonghe, and A. A. Levendosky. 2006. “Trauma Symptoms Among Infants Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence.” Child Abuse & Neglect 30: 109–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Børjesson, Eva. 2009. LOKK børnestatistik 2008: Børn på krisecenter [LOKK Children’s Statistics 2008: Children at Refuges]. København: Sosialstyrelsen.
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby, John. 1979. The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds. London: Tavistock.
   Google Scholar
• Brandtzæg, Ida, Lars Smith, and Stig Torsteinson. 2011. Microseperasjoner: Tilknytning og behandling [Micro-separations: Attachment and Treatment]. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Brownridge, Douglas A. 2006. “Violence Against Women Post-separation.” Aggression and Violent Behavior 11: 514–530.10.1016/j.avb.2006.01.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cater, Åsa Källström. 2007. “Children’s Meaning-conciliation of their Fathers’ Violence Related to Fathers and Violence in General.” Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 8 (1): 41–55.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, Maria, and Elisabet Näsman. 2008. “Participation in Family Law Proceedings for Children Whose Father is Violent to Their Mother.” Childhood 15: 259–275.10.1177/0907568207088426
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson, Maria, Linnéa Bruno, and Elisabet Näsman. 2013. Domestic Violence, Family Law and School: Children’s Right to Participation, Protection and Provision. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9781137283054
   Google Scholar
• Fjeldvang, Christine, and Hanne Kristine Jarud. 2011. “Barn som har opplevd vold mot mor: En kartleggingsstudie av psykisk helse hos barn på krisesentre i Norge [Children Who Have Experienced Violence Against Mother: A Mapping Study of the Mental Health of Children in Refuges in Norway].” Master’s thesis, University of Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• Forsberg, Hannele. 2001. “Children’s Feedback on Helping Practices of Shelters.” In Gender and Violence in the Nordic Countries: Report from a Conference in Køge, Denmark, edited by Maria Eriksson, Aili Nenola, and Marika Muhonen Nilsen, 307–320. København: Exspressen Tryk & Kopi.
   Google Scholar
• Forsberg, Hannele. 2008. “Barns röster om hjälpinsatser [Children’s Voices on Relief Efforts].” In Barns röster om våld: Att tolka och förstå [Children’s Voices on Violence: Interpreting and Understanding], edited by Maria Eriksson, Åsa Källström Cater, Gunilla Dahlkild-Öhman, and Elisabet Näsman, 200–214. Malmö: Gleerups.
   Google Scholar
• Forsberg, Hannele, and Tarja Pösö. 2008. “Ambiguous Position of the Child in Supervised Meetings.” Child & Family Social Work 13 (1): 52–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grip, Karin. 2012. The Damage is Done. Children exposed to Domestic Violence and their-Mothers – Towards Empirically Based Interventions in Order to Reduce Negative Health Effects in Children. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.
   Google Scholar
• Heltne, Unni, and Per Øystien Steinvåg. 2011. Barn som lever med vold i familien: Grunnlag for beskyttelse og hjelp [Children Living with Domestic Violence: Basis for Protection and Assistance]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Hester, Marianne, Chris Pearson, Nichola Harwin, with Hilary Abrahams. 2007. Making an Impact: Children and Domestic Violence. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch, Agnes Aaby, and Elisabeth Nørgaard. 2008. Rapportering fra krisesentrene 2007 [Report from Refuges 2007]. Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå.
   Google Scholar
• Hoel, Gorm, Anham Latif Shuja, Miriam Kvanvikog, and Terje Sletnes. 2010. Da lykkeliten kom til verden – om belastninger i tidlige livsfaser [When Little-Luck Came Into the World – on Stress in the Early Stages of Life]. Oslo: Den norske legeforening.
   Google Scholar
• Hogan, Fergus, and Màire O’Reilly. 2007. Listening to Children: Children’s Stories of Domestic Violence. Dublin: The Stationery Office.
   Google Scholar
• Holden, George W., Joshua D. Stein, Kathy C. Richie, Susan D. Harris, and Ernest N. Jouriles. 1998. “Parenting Behaviors and Beliefs of Battered Women.” In Children Exposed to Marital Violence: Theory, Research, and Applied Issues, edited by George W. Holden, Robert Geffner, and Ernest N. Jouriles, 289–334. Washington, DC: APA.10.1037/10257-000
   Google Scholar
• Holmsen, Merete. 1999. ‘Vi bor her fordi pappa slår mamma’: En kvalitative undersøkelse som gjør bruk av intervju, samtalebilder og barnetegninger for å snakke med barn på krisesenter om deres situasjon [‘We Live Here Because Dad Hits Mom’: A Qualitative Study that Uses Interviews, Photographs, and Children’s Drawings to Talk to Children In a Refuge about their Situation]. Moss: Krisesenter i Moss.
   Google Scholar
• Holmsen, Merete. 2011. Samtalebilder og tegninger – En vei til kommunikasjon med barn i vanskelige livssituasjoner [Conversation Photos and Drawings – A Way to Communicate with Children in Difficult Life Situations]. Oslo: Cappelen Damm AS.
   Google Scholar
• Holte, Kjersti Lien. 2012. “Communicating Risk in Cases of Suspected Child Abuse: What Are the Hidden Silencing Mechanisms that Can Prevent Teachers from Reporting Their Suspicions?” In Narratives of Risk: Interdisciplinary Studies, edited by Karen Patrick Knutsen, Sigmund Kvam, Peter Langemeyer, Anastasia Parianou, and Kåre Solfjeld, 443–464. Halden: Waxmann Verlag GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• Jaffee, Sara R., Avshalom Capsi, Terrie E. Moffitt, Monica Polo-Thomas, and Alan Taylor. 2007. “Individual, Family, and Neighbourhood Factors Distinguish Resilient from Non-resilient Maltreated Children: A Cumulative Stressors Model.” Child Abuse & Neglect 31: 231–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonassen, Wenche. 2004. Krisesentrene 2003: En kommentert statistikk [Refuges 2003: Statistics with Commentary]. Oslo: NKVTS.
   Google Scholar
• Jonassen, Wenche. 2005. Krisesentrene 2004: En kommentert statistikk [Refuges 2004: Statistics with Commentary]. Oslo: NKVTS.
   Google Scholar
• Jonassen, Wenche, Hanne Sogn, Vigdis Mathisen Olsvik, and Ole Kristian Hjemdal. 2008. Kunnskap – kvalitet – kapasitet: En nasjonal utredning om krisesentrenes kompetanse og tilgjengelighet [Knowledge – Quality – Capacity: A National Study of Refuges’ Competence and Availability]. Oslo: NKVTS.
   Google Scholar
• Kristinsdóttir, Gudrun. 2011. “Experiencing Fathers’ Violence at Home, Children’s Ways of Reasoning and Positioning.” Presentation at the 12th European ISPCAN Conference in Tampere, Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Kronborg, Pia, ed. 2005. Man kan ikke blive stærk så hurtig – erfaringer fra efterværn for børn og deres mødre på krisecenter [You Can’t Get Strong That Fast – Experiences in After-Care For Children and Their Mothers in Refuges]. Hellerup: Boligfondens Krisecenter.
   Google Scholar
• Kvennaathvarf Àrssk`yrslur. 2012. http://www.kvennaathvarf.is/media/utgefidefni/SUK_2012-3.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, Marianne N. 2005. Man skal bare sige det: Etniske minoritetsbørns fortællinger fra kvindekrisecentre [You Just Have to Say It: Stories of Ethnic Minority Children From Refuges]. Esbjerg: Grafikkonsulenten.
   Google Scholar
• Markussen, Eifred. (red.). 2010. Frafall i utdanning for 16–20 åringer i Norden [Drop-out In Education for Youth Ages 16–20 In the Nordic Countries]. TemaNord 2010:517. København: Nordisk ministerråd.
   Google Scholar
• Marthinsen, Hanne Elise, and Unni S. Torjussen. 2007. Jeg skal vel ikke bo her resten av livet mitt?: En kvalitativ undersøkelse om hvordan barn som har opplevd vold i nære relasjoner, ivaretas på krisesenter [I Don’t Have to Stay Here the Rest of My Life, Do I?: A Qualitative Study of How Children Who Have Experienced Domestic Violence Saw the Refuge]. Master’s thesis, University of Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• McGee, Caroline. 2000. Childhood Experiences of Domestic Violence. London: Jessica Kingsley Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Midjo, Turid. 1992. Barn på krisesenter for mishandlede kvinner: Et forprosjekt [Children At Refuge for Battered Women: A Pilot Project]. Oslo: Norsk senter for barneforskning.
   Google Scholar
• Mullender, Audrey, Gill Hauge, Umme Imam, Liz Kelly, Ellen Malos, and Linda Regan. 2002. Children’s Perspectives on Domestic Violence. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Näsman, Elisabeth, Åse Källström Cater, and Maria Eriksson. 2008. “Perspektiv på barns röster om våld [Perspectives On Children’s Voices On Violence].” In Barns röster om våld. Att tolka och förstå [Children’s Voices On Violence. Interpreting and Understanding], edited by Maria Eriksson, Åsa Källström Cater, Gunilla Dahlkild-Öhman, and Elisabeth Näsman, 200–214. Malmö: Gleerups.
   Google Scholar
• Nersund, Ranita, and Hege Govasmark. 2009. Raportering fra krisesentrene 2008 [Reporting from the Refuges 2009]. Trondheim: Sentio Research Norge.
   Google Scholar
• Nersund, Ranita, and Hege Govasmark. 2011. Raportering fra krisesentrene 2010 [Reporting from the Refuges 2010]. Trondheim: Sentio Research Norge.
   Google Scholar
• Nersund, Ranita, and Hege Govasmark. 2012. Raportering fra krisesentrene 2011 [Reporting from the Refuges 2011]. Trondheim: Sentio Research Norge.
   Google Scholar
• Nersund, Ranita, and Hege Govasmark. 2013. Raportering fra krisesentertilbudene 2012 [Reporting from the Refuges 2012]. Trondheim: Sentio Research Norge.
   Google Scholar
• Ødegård, Yvonne Charlotte. 2011. “Reason for Concern? Reflections on How Kindergarten Staff Report on Child Concern.” Master’s thesis, University of Bergen.
   Google Scholar
• Olsen, M. 1998. ‘Der vi bor gråter alle damene’: En Rapport om Tiltak for Barn på Oslo Krisesenter [‘Where We Live All the Women Cry’: A Report on Services for Children at the Oslo Refuge]. Oslo: Oslo krisesenter.
   Google Scholar
• Øverlien, Carolina. 2010a. “Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Conclusions From the Literature and Challenges Ahead.” Journal of Social Work 10 (1): 80–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Øverlien, Carolina. 2010b. “Abused Women with Children or Children of Abused Women? A Study of Conflicting Perspectives at Women’s Refuges in Norway.” Child & Family Social Work 16 (1): 71–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Øverlien, Carolina. 2012. Vold i Hjemmet – Barns Strategier [Domestic Violence – Children’s Strategies]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
   Google Scholar
• Øverlien, Carolina, and Hanne Sogn. 2007. Kunnskap gir mot til å se og trygge til å handle [Knowledge Gives Courage To See and Confidence To Act]. Oslo: NKVTS.
   Google Scholar
• Øverlien, Carolina, Marit Jacobsen, and Are Evang. 2009. Barns erfaringer fra livet på krisesenter: En landsomfattende studie om flukten, oppholdet og forestillinger om fremtiden [Children’s Experiences of Life at the Refuge: A Nationwide Study About Fleeing Home, the Refuge Stay, and Beliefs About the Future]. Oslo: NKVTS.
   Google Scholar
• Raal, Kirsten (formidlingscentret). 2001. Metoder og metodeovervejelser i arbejde med børn på krisecentre [Methods and Methodological Considerations for Work with Children in Refuges]. Esbjerg: Grafisk Trykcenter AS.
   Google Scholar
• Radford, Lorraine, and Marianne Hester. 2006. Mothering Through Domestic Violence. Great Britain: Athenaeum Press, Tyne and Wear.
   Google Scholar
• Rossman, Robbie B. B. 2000. “Time Heals All: How Much and for Whom?” Journal of Emotional Abuse 2 (1): 31–50.
   Google Scholar
• Rutter, Michael. 1985. “Resilience in the Face of Adversity. Protective Factors and Resistance to Psychiatric Disorder.” The British Journal of Psychiatry 147 (6): 598–611.10.1192/bjp.147.6.598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, Michael. 1987. “Psychosocial Resilience and Protective Mechanisms.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 57 (3): 316–331.10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, Michael. 2007. “Resilience, Competence, and Coping.” Child Abuse & Neglect 31: 205–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solberg, Anne. 2001. Fokus på unge brukere på krisesenter [Focus on Young Shelter Users]. NIBR notat 2001: 111. Oslo: Norsk institutt for by- og regionsforskning.
   Google Scholar
• Sterne, Abigail, Liz Poole, Donna Chadwick, Catherine Lawler, and Lynda W. Dodd. 2010. Domestic Violence and Children: A Handbook for Schools and Early Years Settings. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Støren, A. 1990. “Barn på krisesenter [Children at Refuges].” Project thesis, Oslo Lærer Høyskolen.
   Google Scholar
• Terhi, Laine. 2010. Refuge Services for Victims of Intimate Partner and Domestic Violence. Finland: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. http://www.stm.fi/c/document_library/get_filefolderId=1082856&name=DLFE-10958.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Tilia, Gitte, and Christina Hansen. 2006. LOKK børnstatistik [LOKK Children Statistics]. Odense: Servicestyrelsen.
   Google Scholar
• Tit, Anne, and Reetta Hokkanen. 2010. Elävä päiväkirja Tampereen ensi-ja turvakoti ry:n laps ityön polku [A Living Diary. Tampere Shelters Association’s Anti-Child Labor], 10–11. Tampere: Eräsalo Printing Works.
   Google Scholar
• Torgesen, Lene. 2011. “The Influence of Domestic Violence in Children’s Acting Out, the Kindergarten’s Role.” Master’s thesis, University of Stavanger.
   Google Scholar
• Underdown, Angela. 2007. Young Children’s Health and Well-being. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vatnar, Solveig Karin Bø, and Stål Bjørkly. 2010. “Does it Make Any Difference If She Is a Mother? An Interactional Perspective on Intimate Partner Violence With a Focus On Motherhood and Pregnancy.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25 (1): 94–110. doi:10.1177/0886260508329129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilèn, Emma. 2010. Barn som upplevt våld: En handbok för kvinnojourer [Children Who Experience Violence: A Handbook for Refuges]. Stockholm: ROKS, Eko Reklam.
   Google Scholar