Big tech, knowledge predation and the implications for development

References

• Adner, Ron, and Rahul Kapoor. 2016. “Innovation Ecosystems and the Pace of Substitution: Re-Examining Technology S-Curves.” Strategic Management Journal 37 (4): 625–648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amazon. 2019. Amazon Annual Report 2018. Seattle.
   Google Scholar
• Amazon. 2020. Small Business Success in Challenging Times. 2020 AMAZON SMB IMPACT REPORT’. Seattle: Amazon.
   Google Scholar
• Antonelli, Cristiano. 1999. “The Evolution of the Industrial Organisation of the Production of Knowledge.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 23 (2): 243–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur, Charles. 2012. Digital Wars: Apple, Google, Microsoft and the Battle for the Internet. London: Kogan Page Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Azmeh, Shamel, Christopher Foster, and Jaime Echavarri. 2020. “The International Trade Regime and the Quest for Free Digital Trade.” International Studies Review 22 (3): 671–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrientos, Stephanie, Gary Gereffi, and Arianna Rossi. 2011. “Economic and Social Upgrading in Global Production Networks: A New Paradigm for a Changing World.” International Labour Review 150 (3–4): 319–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergvall-Kareborn, Birgitta, and Debra Howcroft. 2013. “The Apple Business Model: Crowdsourcing Mobile Applications.” Accounting Forum 37: 280–289.
   Google Scholar
• Birch, Kean, Margaret Chiappetta, and Anna Artyushina. 2020. “The Problem of Innovation in Technoscientific Capitalism: Data Rentiership and the Policy Implications of Turning Personal Digital Data into a Private Asset.” Policy Studies 41 (5): 468–487. doi:10.1080/01442872.2020.1748264.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckley, Peter J., and Roger Strange. 2015. “The Governance of the Global Factory: Location and Control of World Economic Activity.” Academy of Management Perspectives 29 (2): 237–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calligaris, Sara, Chiara Criscuolo, and Luca Marcolin. 2018. “Mark-Ups in the Digital Era.” OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers. Paris: OECD.
   Google Scholar
• CBInsights. 2018a. Amazon Strategy Teardown. New York.
   Google Scholar
• CBInsights. 2018b. Google Strategy Teardown. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Cennamo, Carmelo, and Juan Santalo. 2013. “Platform Competition: Strategic Trade-Offs in Platform Markets.” Strategic Management Journal 34 (11): 1331–1350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaminade, Cristina, Claudia De Fuentes, Gouya Harirchi, and Monica Plechero. 2016. “The Geography and Structure of Global Innovation Networks: Global Scope and Regional Embeddedness.” In Handbook on the Geographies of Innovation, edited by Richard Shearmur, Christophe Carrincazeaux, and David Doloreux, 370–381. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Chaminade, Cristina, Bengt Ake Lundvall, and Shagufta Haneef. 2018. Advanced Introduction to National Innovation Systems. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Wen, Reitze Gouma, Bart Los, and Marcel P. Timmer. 2017. Measuring the Income to Intangibles in Goods Production: A Global Value Chain Approach. Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization-Economics and Statistics Division.
   Google Scholar
• Cockburn, Iain M., Rebecca Henderson, and Scott Stern. 2018. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Innovation. Cambridge: National bureau of economic research.
   Google Scholar
• Coe, Neil M., and Henry Wai-Chung Yeung. 2015. Global Production Networks: Theorizing Economic Development in an Interconnected World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=es&lr=&id=b5UUDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=%22global+production+networks%22+smith&ots=4Sdf1akmU0&sig=NQlAlT-ReRlJqt1SwqdCbONxsfw
   Google Scholar
• Comino, Stefano, Fabio M. Manenti, and Nikolaus Thumm. 2019. “The Role of Patents In Information And Communication Technologies: A Survey Of The Literature.” Journal of Economic Surveys 33 (2): 404–430.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouzet, Nicolas, and Janice Eberly. 2018. “Intangibles, Investment, and Efficiency.” AEA Papers and Proceedings 108: 426–431.
   Google Scholar
• Cusumano, Michael A., Annabelle Gawer, and David B. Yoffie. 2019. The Business of Platforms: Strategy in the Age of Digital Competition, Innovation, and Power. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Dallas, Mark, Stefano Ponte, and Timothy Sturgeon. 2017. A Typology of Power in Global Value Chains. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School.
   Google Scholar
• Dedrick, Jason, and Kenneth L. Kraemer. 2015. “Who Captures Value from Science-Based Innovation? The Distribution of Benefits from GMR in the Hard Disk Drive Industry.” Research Policy 44 (8): 1615–1628.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolata, Ulrich. 2017. “Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft: Market Concentration-Competition-Innovation Strategies.” SOI Discussion Paper. Stuttgart: Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Organisations-und Innovationsforschung.
   Google Scholar
• Dolata, Ulrich. 2020. “Platform-Regulation. Coordination of Markets and Curation of Sociality on the Internet.” SOI Discussion Paper. Stuttgart: Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Organisations-und Innovationsforschung.
   Google Scholar
• Dosi, Giovanni. 1988. “Sources, Procedures, and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation.” Journal of Economic Literature 26 (3): 1120–1171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyfuss, Rochelle, and Susy Frankel. 2014. “From Incentive to Commodity to Asset: How International Law Is Reconceptualizing Intellectual Property.” Michigan Journal of International Law 36 (4): 557–602.
   Google Scholar
• Durand, Cédric, and Wiliiam Milberg. 2020. “Intellectual Monopoly in Global Value Chains.” Review of International Political Economy 27 (2): 404–429. doi:10.1080/09692290.2019.1660703.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst, Dieter. 2008. “Can Chinese IT Firms Develop Innovative Capabilities WITHIN Global Knowledge Networks?” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2742950.
   Google Scholar
• Ernst, Dieter. 2009. “A New Geography of Knowledge in the Electronics Industry? Asia’s Role in Global Innovation Networks.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2742923.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2019. EU R&D Scoreboard. Sevilla: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Fagerberg, Jan, Bengt-Ake Lundvall, and Martin Srholec. 2018. “Global Value Chains, National Innovation Systems and Economic Development.” The European Journal of Development Research 30 (3): 533–556.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley, Duncan K. 2013. “Rethinking Financial Capitalism and the “Information” Economy.” Review of Radical Political Economics 45 (3): 257–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourcade, Marion, and Kieran Healy. 2016. “Seeing Like a Market.” Socio-Economic Review 15 (1): 9–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, Xiaolan, and Pervez Ghauri. 2020. “Trade in Intangibles and the Global Trade Imbalance.” The World Economy. doi:10.1111/twec.13038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, Scott. 2017. The Four: The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Gawer, Annabelle, and Michael A. Cusumano. 2014. “Industry Platforms and Ecosystem Innovation.” Journal of Product Innovation Management 31 (3): 417–433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gereffi, Gary. 2014. “Global Value Chains in a Post-Washington Consensus World.” Review of International Political Economy 21 (1): 9–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gereffi, Gary, John Humphrey, and Timothy Sturgeon. 2005. “The Governance of Global Value Chains.” Review of International Political Economy 12 (1): 78–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gereffi, Gary, Miguel Korzeniewicz, and Roberto P. Korzeniewicz. 1994. “Global Commodity Chains.”. In Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Granstrand, O. 2000. Corporate Innovation Systems: A Comparative Study of Multi-Technology Corporations in Japan, Sweden and the USA. Gothenburg: Chalmers University.
   Google Scholar
• Haskel, Jonathan, and Stian Westlake. 2018. Capitalism Without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Humphrey, John, and Hubert Schmitz. 2002. “How Does Insertion in Global Value Chains Affect Upgrading in Industrial Clusters?” Regional Studies 36 (9): 1017–1027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibarra, Herminia, and Aneeta Rattan. 2018. “Microsoft: Instilling a Growth Mindset.” London Business School Review 29 (3): 50–53.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobides, Michael G., Carmelo Cennamo, and Annabelle Gawer. 2018. “Towards a Theory of Ecosystems.” Strategic Management Journal 39 (8): 2255–2276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobides, Michael G., Thorbjørn Knudsen, and Mie Augier. 2006. “Benefiting from Innovation: Value Creation, Value Appropriation and the Role of Industry Architectures.” Research Policy 35 (8): 1200–1221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, Bjork, and Bengt Ake Lundvall. 1994. “The Learning Economy.” Journal of Industry Studies 1 (2): 23–42.
   Google Scholar
• Jurowetzki, Roman, Rasmus Lema, and Bengt-Ake Lundvall. 2018. “Combining Innovation Systems and Global Value Chains for Development: Towards a Research Agenda.” The European Journal of Development Research 30 (3): 364–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenney, Martin, and John Zysman. 2019. “Work and Value Creation in the Platform Economy.” In Work and Labor in the Digital Age, edited by Steven Peter Vallas, and Anne Kovalainen, 13–41. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Kraemer, Kenneth, Greg Linden, and Jason Dedrick. 2011. Capturing Value in Global Networks: Apple’s IPad and IPhone. University of California, Irvine, University of California, Berkeley, y Syracuse University, NY. http://Pcic.Merage.Uci.Edu/Papers/2011/Value_iPad_iPhone.Pdf.Consultado El 15. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9cb5/262a46e7c9131de43433b7c5f9b65386f8e2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lan, Sai, Kun Liu, and Yidi Dong. 2019. “Dancing with Wolves: How Value Creation and Value Capture Dynamics Affect Complementor Participation in Industry Platforms.” Industry and Innovation 26: 943–963. doi:10.1080/13662716.2019.1598339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, Joonkoo, and Gary Gereffi. 2015. “Global Value Chains, Rising Power Firms and Economic and Social Upgrading.” Critical Perspectives on International Business 11 (3/4): 319–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lema, Rasmus, Carlo Pietrobelli, and Roberta Rabellotti. 2019. “Innovation in Global Value Chains.” In Handbook on Global Value Chains, edited by Stefano Ponte, Gary Gereffi, and Gale Raj-Reichert, 370–384. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Levín, Pablo. 1977. “Circuitos de Innovación.” Revista Interamericana de Planificación XX: 44. http://www.revistaespacios.com/a81v01n01/81010120.html.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Ju, Cristina Chaminade, and Bjorn Asheim. 2013. “The Geography and Structure of Global Innovation Networks: A Knowledge Base Perspective.” European Planning Studies 21 (9): 1456–1473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez, Giron, Ali Jose, and Pierre Vialle. 2017. “A Preliminary Analysis of Mergers and Acquisitions by Microsoft from 1992 to 2016: A Resource and Competence Perspective.” In 28th European Regional Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS): Competition and Regulation in the Information Age. Passau: International Telecommunications Society (ITS).
   Google Scholar
• Lorenzoni, Gianni, and Charles Baden-Fuller. 1995. “Creating a Strategic Center to Manage a Web of Partners.” California Management Review 37 (3): 146–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundvall, Bengt Ake. 1985. Product Innovation and User-Producer Interaction. Aalborg: Aalborg University Press. http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/7556474/user-producer.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall, Bengt Ake. 1988. “Innovation as an Interactive Process: From User-Producer Interaction to National Systems of Innovation.” In Technical Change and Economic Theory, edited by Giovanni Dosi, Chris Freeman, Richard Nelson, Gerald Silverberg, and Luc Soete, 349–369. London: Pinter Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall, Bengt Ake. 2002. “The University in the Learning Economy.” Presentation on the Future Role of Universities, Strasbourg 26.
   Google Scholar
• Montalban, Matthieu, Vincent Frigant, and Bernard Jullien. 2019. “Platform Economy as a New Form of Capitalism: A Régulationist Research Programme.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 43 (4): 805–824. doi:10.1093/cje/bez017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuccio, Massimiliano, and Marco Guerzoni. 2019. “Big Data: Hell or Heaven? Digital Platforms and Market Power in the Data-Driven Economy.” Competition & Change 23 (3): 312–328. doi:10.1177/1024529418816525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagano, Ugo. 2014. “The Crisis of Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 38 (6): 1409–1429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrilli, Mario Davide, Khalid Nadvi, and Henry Wai-chung Yeung. 2013. “Local and Regional Development in Global Value Chains, Production Networks and Innovation Networks: A Comparative Review and the Challenges for Future Research.” European Planning Studies 21 (7): 967–988.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponte, Stefano, and Timothy Sturgeon. 2014. “Explaining Governance in Global Value Chains: A Modular Theory-Building Effort.” Review of International Political Economy 21 (1): 195–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Popkin, Gabriel. 2019. “How Scientists Can Team up with Big Tech.” Nature 565 (7737): 665–668.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pozsar, Zoltan. 2018. “Repatriation, the Echo-Taper and The€/$ Basis.” Global Money Notes 11.
   Google Scholar
• Rikap, Cecilia. 2018. “Innovation as Economic Power in Global Value Chains.” Revue D’Économie Industrielle 163: 35–75.
   Google Scholar
• Rikap, Cecilia. 2019. “Asymmetric Power of the Core: Technological Cooperation and Technological Competition in the Transnational Innovation Networks of Big Pharma.” Review of International Political Economy 26 (5): 987–1021. doi:10.1080/09692290.2019.1620309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rikap, Cecilia. 2020. “Amazon: A Story of Accumulation Through Intellectual Rentiership and Predation.” Competition & Change. doi:10.1177/1024529420932418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rugman, Alan, and Joseph D’Cruz. 1997. “The Theory of the Flagship Firm.” European Management Journal 15 (4): 403–412.
   Google Scholar
• Sampat, Bhaven N. 2018. A Survey of Empirical Evidence on Patents and Innovation. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.
   Google Scholar
• Schrape, Jan-Felix. 2018. “Open Source Communities: The Sociotechnical Institutionalization of Collective Invention.” In Collectivity and Power on the Internet, edited by U. Dolata and J.-F. Schrape, 57–83. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Schumpeter, Joseph Alois. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry Into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz, Herman Mark. 2016. “Wealth and Secular Stagnation: The Role of Industrial Organization and Intellectual Property Rights.” The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 2 (6): 226–249.
   Google Scholar
• Selwyn, Benjamin. 2019. “Poverty Chains and Global Capitalism.” Competition & Change 23 (1): 71–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serfati, Claude. 2008. “Financial Dimensions of Transnational Corporations, Global Value Chain and Technological Innovation.” Journal of Innovation Economics & Management 2: 35–61.
   Google Scholar
• Shin, Hyun Song. 2019. What is Behind the Recent Slowdown? Basel: BIS.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, John. 2016. Imperialism in the Twenty-First Century: Globalization, Super-Exploitation, and Capitalism’s Final Crisis. New York: NYU Press.
   Google Scholar
• Srnicek, Nick. 2017. Platform Capitalism. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Stallkamp, Maximilian, and Andreas PJ Schotter. 2019. “Platforms Without Borders? The International Strategies of Digital Platform Firms.” Global Strategy Journal. doi:10.1002/gsj.1336.
   Google Scholar
• Steiber, Annika, and Sverker Alänge. 2013. “A Corporate System for Continuous Innovation: The Case of Google Inc.” European Journal of Innovation Management 16 (2): 243–264.
   Google Scholar
• Strange, Roger, and John Humphrey. 2018. “What Lies Between Market and Hierarchy? Insights from Internalization Theory and Global Value Chain Theory.” Journal of International Business Studies 50: 1401–1413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturgeon, Timothy J. 2009. “From Commodity Chains to Value Chains: Interdisciplinary Theory Building in an Age of Globalization.” In Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research, edited by Jennifer Bair, 110–135. Stanford: Stanford University Press. http://isapapers.pitt.edu/84/
   Google Scholar
• Synergy Research Group. 2019. Fourth Quarter Growth in Cloud Services Tops off a Banner Year for Cloud Providers. Reno, NV. https://www.srgresearch.com/articles/fourth-quarter-growth-cloud-services-tops-banner-year-cloud-providers.
   Google Scholar
• Teece, David J. 2009. Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management: Organizing for Innovation and Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• UNCTAD. 2019. Digital Economy Report 2019: Value Creation and Capture–Implications for Developing Countries. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Veblen, Thorstein. 2017. The Theory of the Leisure Class. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2020. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains. Washington DC: World Bank Publications.
   Google Scholar
• World Intellectual Property Organization. 2019. WIPO Technology Trends 2019. Artificial Intelligence. Geneva: WIPO.
   Google Scholar
• WTO. 2019. World Trade Statistical Review 2019. Geneva: World Trade Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu, Feng, and Qihong Liu. 2018. “Competing with Complementors: An Empirical Look at Amazon.Com.” Strategic Management Journal 39 (10): 2618–2642. doi:10.1002/smj.2932.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar