Indonesia's science and technology capacity evolution dynamics from 1970 to 2018 compared to the Republic of Korea

References

• Aghion, P., P. A. David, and D. Foray. 2009. “Science, Technology and Innovation for Economic Growth: Linking Policy Research and Practice in ‘STIG Systems.’” Research Policy 38 (4): 681–693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ainer, C. D., C. Subramaniam, and L. Arokiasamy. 2018. “Determinants of Turnover Intention in the Private Universities in Malaysia: A Conceptual Paper.” In SHS Web of Conferences (Vol. 56, 03004). EDP Sciences.
   Google Scholar
• Ben-David, J., and R. Collins. 1966. “Social Factors in the Origins of a New Science: The Case of Psychology.” American Sociological Review, 31: 451–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhalla, A. S., and A. G. Fluitman. 1985. “Science and Technology Indicators and Socio-Economic Development.” World Development 13 (2): 177–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BPS Statistics – Indonesia. 2015. “Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2015.” Jakarta, Indonesia: BPS Statistics – Indonesia.
   Google Scholar
• Çalışkan, H. K. 2015. “Technological Change and Economic Growth.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 (1): 649–654.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell, J. R. 2012. “Building an IT Economy: South Korean Science and Technology Policy.” Issues in Technology Innovation 19:1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Data and Information on Science, Technology and Higher Education, Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. 2018. “Higher Education Statistical Year Book 2018.” Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi, S. 2005. “Evolving a National System of Biotechnology Innovation: Some Evidence from Singapore.” Science, Technology and Society 10 (1): 105–127.
   Google Scholar
• China Ministry of Education. 2018. 全国普通高等学校名单, 全国成人高等学校名单 [List of National General Higher Education Institutions, List of National Adult Higher Schools]. Accessed December 15, 2018. http://www.moe.edu.cn/srcsite/A03/moe_634/201706/t20170614_306900.html.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, D. S., E. Hyun, and S. H. Lee. 2007. “Can Newly Industrializing Economies Catch Up in the Science-Based Industries? A Study of the Korean Biotechnology Sector.” Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 18 (2–3): 177–201.
   Google Scholar
• Chung, S. 2002. “Building a National Innovation System Through Regional Innovation Systems.” Technovation 22 (8): 485–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzens, S. E. and R. Kaplinsky. 2009. “Innovation, Poverty and Inequality: Cause, Coincidence, or Co-Evolution?” In Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries, edited by B-A. Lundvall, K. J. Joseph, C. Chaminade, and J. Vang, 57–82. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Damuri, Y. R., H. Aswicahyono, and D. Christian. 2018. “Innovation Policy in Indonesia.” Innovation Policy in ASEAN, 96–125.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. 2018. “GERD (Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D) as a Percentage of GDP.” [Data file]. Accessed December 10, 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=t2020_20.
   Google Scholar
• Fagerberg, J., and M. Srholec. 2008. “National Innovation Systems, Capabilities and Economic Development.” Research Policy 37 (9): 1417–1435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagerberg, J., and M. Srholec. 2009. “Innovation Systems, Technology and Development: Unpacking the Relationships.” In Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries, edited by B.-A. Lundvall, K. J. Joseph, C. Chaminade, and J. Vang, 83–115. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Filippetti, A., and A. Peyrache. 2011. “The Patterns of Technological Capabilities of Countries: A Dual Approach Using Composite Indicators and Data Envelopment Analysis.” World Development 39 (7): 1108–1121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman, C. 1995. “The ‘National System of Innovation’ in Historical Perspective.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 19 (1): 5–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• General Directorate for Research and Development Enhancement, Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. 2018. Jumlah peneliti Indonesia masih sedikit (number of researchers in Indonesia is still low) (Jakarta, Indonesia, 2018; pubd online May 2018). Accessed December 10, 2018.. http://risbang.ristekdikti.go.id/publikasi/berita-media/jumlah-peneliti-indonesia-masih-sedikit/.
   Google Scholar
• Govindaraju, V. C., and C. Y. Wong. 2011. “Patenting Activities by Developing Countries: The Case of Malaysia.” World Patent Information 33 (1): 51–57.
   Google Scholar
• Higher Education Database, Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. 2018. “Graphic of Number of Higher Education Institutions.” Accessed December 11, 2018. https://forlap.ristekdikti.go.id/perguruantinggi/homegraphpt.
   Google Scholar
• Humas LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences Public Relations). 2020. Siapkan perubahan organisasi, LIPI berbenah [In Preparation of Organizational Change, LIPI Is Cleaning Up]. Accessed September 27, 2020. http://lipi.go.id/berita/single/Siapkan-Perubahan-Organisasi-LIPI-Berbenah/21948.
   Google Scholar
• Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. 2012. “Indonesia Educational Statistics in Brief 2011/2012.” Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
   Google Scholar
• Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education. 2010. “Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education strategic plan year 2010–2014.” Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education. 2014. “Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education strategic plan year 2015–2019.” Jakarta, Indonesia: Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.
   Google Scholar
• Intarakumnerd, P., P. A. Chairatana, and T. Tangchitpiboon. 2002. “National Innovation System in Less Successful Developing Countries: The Case of Thailand.” Research Policy 31 (8–9): 1445–1457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. 2018. “Statistics Overview.” Accessed December 20, 2018. http://www.mext.go.jp/en/publication/statistics/title01/detail01/1373636.htm#01.
   Google Scholar
• Kayal, A. A. 2008. “National Innovation Systems a Proposed Framework for Developing Countries.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management 8 (1): 74–86.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y. K., and K. Lee. 2015. “Different Impacts of Scientific and Technological Knowledge on Economic Growth: Contrasting Science and Technology Policy in East Asia and Latin America.” Asian Economic Policy Review 10 (1): 43–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, B., M. So, and S. H. Choi. 2014. “Koreas STEM Research Analysis Based on Publications in the Web of Science, 1968–2012.” Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice 2 (1): 35–47.
   Google Scholar
• Lakitan, B. 2013. “Connecting all the Dots: Identifying the “Actor Level” Challenges in Establishing Effective Innovation System in Indonesia.” Technology in Society 35 (1): 41–54.
   Google Scholar
• Lakitan, B., D. Hidayat, and S. Herlinda. 2012. “Scientific Productivity and the Collaboration Intensity of Indonesian Universities and Public R&D Institutions: Are There Dependencies on Collaborative R&D with Foreign Institutions?” Technology in Society 34 (3): 227–238.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, S., and H. Lee. 2015. “Measuring and Comparing the R&D Performance of Government Research Institutes: A Bottom-up Data Envelopment Analysis Approach.” Journal of Informetrics 9 (4): 942–953.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundvall, B-Å. 2007. “National Innovation Systems—Analytical Concept and Development Tool.” Industry and Innovation 14 (1): 95–119.
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall, B.-A., J. Vang, K. J. Joseph, and C. Chaminade. 2009. “Innovation System Research and Developing Countries.” In Handbook of Innovation Systems and Developing Countries, edited by B.-Å. Lundvall, K. J. Joseph, C. Chaminade, and J. Vang, 1–32. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Mulyanto. 2014. “Performance of Indonesian R&D Institutions: Influence of Type of Institutions and Their Funding Source on R&D Productivity.” Technology in Society 38: 148–160.
   Google Scholar
• Mulyanto. 2016. “Productivity of R&D Institution: The Case of Indonesia.” Technology in Society 44: 78–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustapha, N. 2013. “The Influence of Financial Reward on job Satisfaction among Academic Staffs at Public Universities in Kelantan, Malaysia.” International Journal of Business and Social Science 4 (3): 244–248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson, R. R. 1992. “National Innovation Systems: A Retrospective on a Study.” Industrial and Corporate Change 1 (2): 347–374.
   Google Scholar
• Om Nour, S. S. 2005. “Science and Technology Development Indicators in the Arab Region: A Comparative Study of Arab Gulf and Mediterranean Countries.” Science, Technology and Society 10 (2): 249–274.
   Google Scholar
• Patel, P., and K. Pavitt. 1994. “National Innovation Systems: Why They Are Important, and How They Might be Measured and Compared.” Economics of Innovation and New Technology 3 (1): 77–95.
   Google Scholar
• Ragamustari, S. K., and E. Sukara. 2019. “Strengthening the Genetic Diversity Conservation Narrative in Indonesia: Challenges and Prospects.” Biodiversity and Conservation 28 (7): 1647–1665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Republic of Korea Ministry of Education. 2018. “Total Number of Higher Education Institutions.” Accessed December 11, 2018. http://english.moe.go.kr/sub/info.do?m=020105&s=english.
   Google Scholar
• Ryberg, M. 2015. “Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units as Approximations of Species in the Light of Evolutionary Models and Empirical Data from Fungi.” Molecular Ecology 24 (23): 5770–5777.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagasti, F. R. 1973. “Underdevelopment, Science and Technology: The Point of View of the Underdeveloped Countries.” Science Studies 3: 47–59.
   Google Scholar
• Schmoch, U. 1997. “Indicators and the Relations between Science and Technology.” Scientometrics 38 (1): 103–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif, N. 2006. “Emergence and Development of the National Innovation Systems Concept.” Research Policy 35 (5): 745–766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singapore Ministry of Education. 2018. “Education Statistics.” Accessed December 11, 2018. https://www.moe.gov.sg/about/publications/education-statistics.
   Google Scholar
• Stek, P. E., and M. S. van Geenhuizen. 2015. “Measuring the Dynamics of an Innovation System Using Patent Data: A Case Study of South Korea, 2001–2010.” Quality & Quantity 49 (4): 1325–1343.
   Google Scholar
• Ubfal, D., and A. Maffioli. 2011. “The Impact of Funding on Research Collaboration: Evidence from a Developing Country.” Research Policy 40 (9): 1269–1279.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States National Center for Education Statistics. 2018. “Table 105.50 Number of Educational Institutions, by Level and Control of Institution: Selected Years, 1980–81 through 2015–16.” Accessed December 15, 2018. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_105.50.asp?current=yes.
   Google Scholar
• Van der Eerden, C., and F. H. Saelens. 1991. “The Use of Science and Technology Indicators in Strategic Planning.” Long Range Planning 24 (3): 18–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins, A., T. Papaioannou, J. Mugwagwa, and D. Kale. 2015. “National Innovation Systems and the Intermediary Role of Industry Associations in Building Institutional Capacities for Innovation in Developing Countries: A Critical Review of the Literature.” Research Policy 44 (8): 1407–1418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessa, P. 2017. “Agglomerative Nesting (v1.0.5) in Free Statistics Software (v1.2.1), Office for Research Development and Education.” Accessed December 18, 2018. https://www.wessa.net/rwasp_agglomerativehierarchicalclustering.wasp/.
   Google Scholar
• Wessa, P. 2018. “Free Statistics Software, Office for Research Development and Education, version 1.2.1.” Accessed December 18, 2018. https://www.wessa.net/.
   Google Scholar
• White, Hugh. 2018. “The Jakarta Switch: Why Australia Needs to Pin Its Hopes (Not Fears) on a Great and Powerful Indonesia.” Australian Foreign Affairs, 7–30. Accessed January 16, 2020. https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=852320761833644;res=IELHSS.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank, World Development Indicators. 2018a. “Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP).” [Data file]. Accessed December 15, 2018. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank, World Development Indicators. 2018b. “Researchers in R&D (Per Million People).” [Data file]. Accessed December 15, 2018. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank, World Development Indicators. 2018c. “Scientific and Technical Journal Articles.” [Data file]. Accessed December 15, 2018. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.JRN.ARTC.SC.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank, World Development Indicators. 2018d. “Patent Applications, Residents.” [Data file]. Accessed December 15, 2018. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD.
   Google Scholar
• The World Bank, World Development Indicators. 2018e. “High-Technology Exports (Current US$).” [Data file]. Accessed December 15, 2018. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.CD.
   Google Scholar
• Yoon, J. W. 2014. “Evolution of Science and Technology Policy in Korea.” The Korean Journal of Policy Studies 29 (1): 147–172.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, W. B. 1990. “Economic Growth and Technological Change.” International Journal of Systems Science 21 (10): 1933–1949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, P., and L. Leydesdorff. 2006. “The Emergence of China as a Leading Nation in Science.” Research Policy 35 (1): 83–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar