856
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A critical examination of school-based recess: what do the children think?

, &
Pages 749-763 | Received 02 Jul 2019, Accepted 17 Oct 2019, Published online: 07 Nov 2019

References

  • Active Healthy Kids Canada. 2012. Is Active Play Extinct? Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Toronto, ON, Canada: Active Healthy Kids Canada. www.activehealthykids.ca/ReportCard/ArchivedReportCards.aspx
  • Alexander, S. A., K. L. Frohlich, and C. Fusco. 2014. “Problematizing ‘play-for-health’ Discourses through Children’s Photo-Elicited Narratives.” Qualitative Health Research 24 (10): 1329–1341. doi:10.1177/1049732314546753.
  • Asher, S. R., and J. D. Coie. 1990. Peer Rejection in Childhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bandura, A. 1977. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
  • Barbour, A. C. 1996. “Physical Competence and Peer Relations in 2nd-graders: Qualitative Case Studies from Recess Play.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education 11 (1): 35–46. doi:10.1080/02568549609594694.
  • Barros, R. M., E. J. Silver, and R. E. K. Stein. 2009. “School Recess and Group Classroom Behavior.” Pediatrics 123 (2): 431–436. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2825.
  • Beighle, A., C. F. Morgan, G. Le Masurier, and R. P. Pangrazi. 2006. “Children’s Physical Activity during Recess and outside of School.” Journal of School Health 76 (10): 516–520. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00151.x.
  • Blatchford, P. 1996. “‘we Did More Then’: Changes in Pupils’ Perceptions of Breaktime (Recess) from 7 to 16 Years.” Journal of Research in Childhood Education 11 (1): 14–24. doi:10.1080/02568549609594692.
  • Bleeker, M., N. Beyler, S. James-Burdumy, and J. Fortson. 2015. “The Impact of Playworks on Boys’ and Girls’ Physical Activity during Recess.” The Journal of School Health 85 (3): 171–178. doi:10.1111/josh.12235.
  • Brockman, R., R. Jago, and K. R. Fox. 2011. “Children’s Active Play: Self-Reported Motivators, Barriers and Facilitators.” BMC Public Health 11 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-461.
  • Bruner, J. S., A. Jolly, and K. Sylva. 1976. Play : Its Role in Development and Evolution. New York: Basic Books.
  • Bundy, A., L. Engelen, S. Wyver, P. Tranter, J. Ragen, A. Bauman, L. Baur, et al. 2017. “Sydney Playground Project: A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity, Play, and Social Skills.” Journal of School Health 87 (10): 751–759. doi:10.1111/josh.12550.
  • Cardon, G., E. Van Cauwenberghe, V. Labarque, L. Haerens, and D. B. Ilse. 2008. “The Contribution of Preschool Playground Factors in Explaining Children’s Physical Activity during Recess.” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 5 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-11.
  • Caro, H., T. Altenburg, C. Dedding, and M. Chinapaw. 2016. “Dutch Primary Schoolchildren’s Perspectives of Activity-Friendly School Playgrounds: A Participatory Study.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13 (6): 526. doi:10.3390/ijerph13060526.
  • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), and SHAPE America-Society of Health and Physical Educators. 2017. Strategies for Recess in Schools. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services.
  • Clarke, N. J., M. E. H. Willis, J. S. Barnes, N. Caddick, J. Cromby, H. McDermott, and G. Wiltshire. 2015. “Analytical Pluralism in Qualitative Research: A Meta-Study.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 12 (2): 182–201. doi:10.1080/14780887.2014.948980.
  • Council on School Health. 2013. “The Crucial Role of Recess in School.” Pediatrics 131 (1): 183–188. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2993.
  • DHHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2000. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2010/Document/tableofcontents.htm#Volume2
  • Elliott, S., S. Combs, and R. Boyce. 2011. “Recess Physical Activity Packs in Elementary Schools: A Qualitative Investigation.” Physical Educator 68 (3): 150–162.
  • Erwin, H. E., M. Ickes, S. Ahn, and A. Fedewa. 2014. “Impact of Recess Interventions on Children’s Physical Activity—A Meta-Analysis.” American Journal of Health Promotion 28 (3): 159–167. doi:10.4278/ajhp.120926-LIT-470.
  • Escalante, Y., A. García-Hermoso, K. Backx, and J. M. Saavedra. 2014. “Playground Designs to Increase Physical Activity Levels during School Recess: A Systematic Review.” Health Education & Behavior 41 (2): 138–144. doi:10.1177/1090198113490725.
  • Frost, J., R. Garside, C. Cooper, and N. Britten. 2016. “Meta-Study as Diagnostic: Toward Content over Form in Qualitative Synthesis.” Qualitative Health Research 26 (3): 307–319. doi:10.1177/1049732315619381.
  • Gordon, G. 2009. “What Is Play? in Search of a Definition.” In Play and Culture Studies, from Children to Red Hatters: Diverse Images and Issues of Play, edited by D. Kuschner, 1–13. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  • Haerens, L., I. De Bourdeaudhuij, G. Eiben, F. Lauria, S. Bel, K. Keimer, É. Kovács, et al. 2010. “Formative Research to Develop the IDEFICS Physical Activity Intervention Component: Findings from Focus Groups with Children and Parents.” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7 (2): 246–256. doi:10.1123/jpah.7.2.246.
  • Hamer, M., D. Aggio, G. Knock, C. Kipps, A. Shankar, and L. Smith. 2017. “Effect of Major School Playground Reconstruction on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour: Camden Active Spaces.” BMC Public Health 17 (1). doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4483-5.
  • Hirsh-Pasek, K., and R. M. Golinkoff. 2008. “Why Play=learning.” In Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development, edited by R. E. Tremblay, M. Boivin, and R. Peters, 1–7. Montreal, QC, Canada: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development.
  • Huizinga, J. 1949. Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Hyndman, B. 2016. “A Qualitative Investigation of Australian Youth Perceptions to Enhance School Physical Activity: The Environmental Perceptions Investigation of Children’s Physical Activity (EPIC-PA) Study.” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13 (5): 543–550. doi:10.1123/jpah.2015-0165.
  • IOM (U.S. Institute of Medicine). 2005. Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. J. Koplan, C. T. Liverman, and V. I. Kraak eds. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
  • James-Burdumy, S., N. Beyler, K. Borradaile, M. Bleeker, A. Maccarone, and J. Fortson. 2016. “The Impact of Playworks on Students’ Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.” Journal of Physical Activity & Health 13 (3): 275–280. doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0607.
  • Knowles, Z. R., D. Parnell, G. Stratton, and N. D. Ridgers. 2013. “Learning from the Experts: Exploring Playground Experience and Activities Using a Write and Draw Technique.” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10 (3): 406–415. doi:10.1123/jpah.10.3.406.
  • Kretchmar, R. S., and W. A. Harper. 1969. Must We Have a Rational Answer to the Question: Why Does Man Play? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, 40(3). 57-58. doi:10.1080/00221473.1969.10618595.
  • Levine, B., and H. M. Land. 2016. “A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Findings about Dance/Movement Therapy for Individuals with Trauma.” Qualitative Health Research 26 (3): 330–344. doi:10.1177/1049732315589920.
  • Levy, J. 1978. Play Behavior. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • London, R. A., L. Westrich, K. Stokes-Guinan, and M. Milbrey. 2015. “Playing Fair: The Contribution of High-Functioning Recess to Overall School Climate in Low-Income Elementary Schools.” Journal of School Health 85 (1): 53–60. doi:10.1111/josh.12216.
  • Madsen, K. A., K. Hicks, and H. Thompson. 2011. “Physical Activity and Positive Youth Development: Impact of a School-Based Program.” Journal of School Health 81 (8): 462–470. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00615.x.
  • Martinez-Andres, M., R. Bartolome-Gutierrez, B. Rodriguez-Martin, M. J. Pardo-Guijarro, and V. Martinez-Vizcaino. 2017. “Football Is a Boys’ game”: Children’s Perceptions about Barriers for Physical Activity during Recess Time.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 12 (1): 1379338. doi:10.1080/17482631.2017.1379338.
  • Massey, W. V., M. B. Stellino, and M. Fraser. 2018. “Individual and Environmental Correlates of School-Based Recess Engagement.” Preventive Medicine Reports 11 (July): 247–253. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.07.005.
  • Massey, W. V., M. B. Stellino, M. Holliday, T. Godbersen, R. Rodia, G. Kucher, and M. Wilkison. 2017. “The Impact of a Multi-Component Physical Activity Programme in Low-Income Elementary Schools.” Health Education Journal 76 (5): 517–530. doi:10.1177/0017896917700681.
  • Massey, W. V., and T. L. Williams. 2019. “Sporting Activities for Individuals Who Experienced Trauma during Their Youth: A Meta-Study.” Qualitative Health Research, June. 1049732319849563. doi:10.1177/1049732319849563.
  • Mayfield, C. A., S. Child, R. G. Weaver, N. Zarrett, M. W. Beets, and J. B. Moore. 2017. “Effectiveness of a Playground Intervention for Antisocial, Prosocial, and Physical Activity Behaviors.” Journal of School Health 87 (5): 338–345. doi:10.1111/josh.12506.
  • McNamara, L., K. Lodewyk, and N. Franklin. 2018. “Recess: A Study of Belongingness, Affect, and Victimization on the Playground.” Children & Schools 40 (2): 114–121. doi:10.1093/cs/cdy006.
  • McNamara, L., and M. Walker. 2018. “‘it Is Just Too Fun to Explain’: A Qualitative Analysis of the Recess Project in Seven Lower-Socioeconomic Elementary Schools.” The Canadian Journal of Action Research 19 (2): 48–66.
  • Medina, C., S. Barquera, P. T. Katzmarzyk, and I. Janssen. 2015. “Physical Activity during Recess among 13–14 Year Old Mexican Girls.” BMC Pediatrics 15: 1. doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0329-4.
  • Parrish, A.-M., A. D. Okely, R. M. Stanley, and N. D. Ridgers. 2013. “The Effect of School Recess Interventions on Physical Activity: A Systematic Review.” Sports Medicine 43 (4): 287–299. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0024-2.
  • Parrish, A.-M., H. Yeatman, D. Iverson, and K. Russell. 2011. “Using Interviews and Peer Pairs to Better Understand How School Environments Affect Young Children’s Playground Physical Activity Levels: A Qualitative Study.” Health Education Research 27 (2): 269–280. doi:10.1093/her/cyr049.
  • Paterson, B. L., S. E. Thorne, C. Canam, and C. Jillings. 2001. Meta-Study of Qualitative Health Research: A Practical Guide to Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis. Vol. 3. London, UK: Sage.
  • Pawlowski, C. S., C. Ergler, T. Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, J. Schipperijn, and J. Troelsen. 2014a. “‘like A Soccer Camp for Boys’: A Qualitative Exploration of Gendered Activity Patterns in Children’s Self-Organized Play during School Recess.” European Physical Education Review 21 (3): 275–291. doi:10.1177/1356336X14561533.
  • Pawlowski, C. S., H. B. Andersen, J. Troelsen, and J. Schipperijn. 2016b. “Children’s Physical Activity Behavior during School Recess: A Pilot Study Using GPS, Accelerometer, Participant Observation, and Go-Along Interview.” PloS One 11 (2): e0148786. Edited by Alejandro Lucia. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148786.
  • Pawlowski, C. S., H. B. Andersen, T. Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, J. Troelsen, and J. Schipperijn. 2016a. “Space, Body, Time and Relationship Experiences of Recess Physical Activity: A Qualitative Case Study among the Least Physical Active Schoolchildren.” BMC Public Health 16: 1. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2687-0.
  • Pawlowski, C. S., J. Schipperijn, T. Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, and J. Troelsen. 2018. “Giving Children a Voice: Exploring Qualitative Perspectives on Factors Influencing Recess Physical Activity.” European Physical Education Review 24 (1): 39–55. doi:10.1177/1356336X16664748.
  • Pawlowski, C. S., T. Tjørnhøj-Thomsen, J. Schipperijn, and J. Troelsen. 2014b. “Barriers for Recess Physical Activity: A Gender Specific Qualitative Focus Group Exploration.” BMC Public Health 14: 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-639.
  • Pellegrini, A. D., K. Kato, P. Blatchford, and E. Baines. 2002. “A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Children’s Playground Games across the First Year of School: Implications for Social Competence and Adjustment to School.” American Educational Research Journal 39 (4): 991–1015. doi:10.3102/00028312039004991.
  • Pellegrini, A. D., and P. D. Davis. 1993. “Relations between Children’s Playground and Classroom Behaviour.” British Journal of Educational Psychology 63 (1): 88–95. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1993.tb01043.x.
  • Piaget, J. 1962. Play, Dreams and Imitation in Childhood. New York: Norton.
  • Powell, E., L. A. Woodfield, and A. A. M. Nevill. 2016. “Children’s Physical Activity Levels during Primary School Break Times: A Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design.” European Physical Education Review 22 (1): 82–98. doi:10.1177/1356336X15591135.
  • Ren, J. Y., and R. D. Langhout. 2010. “A Recess Evaluation with the Players: Taking Steps toward Participatory Action Research.” American Journal of Community Psychology 46 (1–2): 124–138. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9320-2.
  • Ridgers, N. D., G. Stratton, and S. J. Fairclough. 2005. “Assessing Physical Activity during Recess Using Accelerometry.” Preventive Medicine 41 (1): 102–107. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.023.
  • Ridgers, N. D., G. Stratton, and Thomas L. McKenzie. 2010. “Reliability and Validity of the System for Observing Children’s Activity and Relationships during Play (SOCARP).” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7 (1): 17–25. doi:10.1123/jpah.7.1.17.
  • Ridgers, N. D., J. Salmon, A.-M. Parrish, R. M. Stanley, and A. D. Okely. 2012. “Physical Activity During School Recess: A Systematic Review.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 43 (3): 320–328. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.05.019.
  • Rodriguez-Navarro, H., A. García-Monge, and M. D. C. Rubio-Campos. 2014. “The Process of Integration of Newcomers at School: Students and Gender Networking during School Recess.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 27 (3): 349–363. doi:10.1080/09518398.2012.762472.
  • Smith, B., and K. R. McGannon. 2018. “Developing Rigor in Qualitative Research: Problems and Opportunities within Sport and Exercise Psychology.” International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 11 (1): 101–121. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2017.1317357.
  • Stanley, R. M., K. Boshoff, and J. Dollman. 2012. “Voices in the Playground: A Qualitative Exploration of the Barriers and Facilitators of Lunchtime Play.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.08.002.
  • Sutton-Smith, B. 1997. The Ambiguity of Play. Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Watkinson, E. J., S. A. Dwyer, and A. Brian Nielsen. 2005. “Children Theorize about Reasons for Recess Engagement: Does Expectancy-Value Theory Apply?” Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 22 (2): 179–197. doi:10.1123/apaq.22.2.179.
  • Watson, A., J. Eliott, and K. Mehta. 2015. “Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Participation in Physical Activity during the School Lunch Break for Girls Aged 12–13 Years.” European Physical Education Review 21 (2): 257–271. doi:10.1177/1356336X14567545.
  • Willenberg, L. J., R. Ashbolt, D. Holland, L. Gibbs, C. MacDougall, J. Garrard, J. B. Green, and E. Waters. 2010. “Increasing School Playground Physical Activity: A Mixed Methods Study Combining Environmental Measures and Children’s Perspectives.” Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 13 (2): 210–216. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.011.
  • Williams, T. L., and R. L. Shaw. 2016. “Synthesizing Qualitative Research.” In International Handbook of Qualitative Methods in Sport and Exercise, edited by B. Smith and A. C. Sparkes, 274–287. London: Routledge.
  • Woods, A. M., K. Graber, and D. Daum. 2012. “Children’s Recess Physical Activity: Movement Patterns and Preferences.” Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 31 (2): 146–162. doi:10.1123/jtpe.31.2.146.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.