491
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Persistent efforts and opportune moments: women’s groups and gender quota adoption in Central and Eastern Europe

Pages 659-680 | Received 25 Mar 2020, Accepted 02 Mar 2021, Published online: 24 Mar 2021

References

  • Basu, Amrita. 2016. “Commentary on ‘Comparative Strength of Women’s Movements Over Time: Conceptual, Empirical, and Theoretical Innovations’.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 4 (4): 681–683.
  • Beckwith, Karen. 2001. “Women’s Movements at Century’s End: Excavation and Advances in Political Science.” Annual Review of Political Science 4: 371–390.
  • Benderly, Jill. 1997. “Feminist Movements in Yugoslavia 1978–1992.” In State-Society Relations in Yugoslavia 1945–1992, edited by Melissa Bokovoy, Jill Irvine, and Carol Lilly, 183–210. New York: St. Martin’s.
  • Bilić, Bojan. 2011. “In a Crevice Between Gender and Nation: Croatian and Serbian Women in 1990s Anti-War Activism.” Slovo 23 (2): 95–113.
  • Bonfiglioli, Chiara. 2014. “Women’s Political and Social Activism in the Early Cold War Era: The Case of Yugoslavia.” ASPASIA 8: 1–25.
  • Borić, Besima. 2004. “Application of Quotas: Legal Reforms and Implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” International institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)/CEE Network for Gender Issues Conference, Budapest, Hungary. IDEA.
  • Brnović, Mila. 2016. “Women in the Parliament of Montenegro.” European Movement in Montenegro, Podgorica.
  • Bush, Sarah. 2011. “International Politics and the Spread of Quotas for Women in Legislatures.” International Organization 65 (1): 103–137.
  • Caul, Miki. 2001. “Political Parties and the Adoption of Candidate Gender Quotas: A Cross-National Analysis.” Journal of Politics 63 (4): 1214–1229.
  • Chen, Martha Alter. 1995. “Engendering World Conferences: The International Women’s Movement and the United Nations.” Third World Quarterly 16 (3): 477–494.
  • Chiva, Cristina. 2018. Gender, Institutions and Political Representation: Reproducing Male Dominance in Europe’s New Democracies. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dahlerup, Drude, ed 2006. Women, Quotas, and Politics. New York: Routledge.
  • Dahlerup, Drude, and Lenita Freidenvall. 2005. “Quotas as a ‘Fast Track’ to Equal Representation for Women: Why Scandinavia is No Longer the Model.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 (1): 26–48.
  • Dahlerup, Drude and Milica Antic Gaber, eds. 2017. “The Legitimacy and Effectiveness of Gender Quotas in Politics in CE Europe.” Teorija in Praksa 54 (2): 307–316.
  • Dean, Laura, and Pedro dos Santos. 2017. “The Implications of Gender Quotas in Ukraine: A Case Study of Legislated Candidate Quotas in Eastern Europe’s.” Most Precarious Democracy 54 (2): 355–375.
  • Dimitrievska, Daniela. 2004. “Quotas: The Case of Macedonia.” Paper presented at International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)/CEE Network for Gender Issues Conference. Budapest: IDEA.
  • Domi, Tanya. 2002. “Advancing Women’s Political Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Making a Difference Early in the Peace Process (a Case Study).” The Harriman Review 14 (1-2): 36–46.
  • Einhorn, Barbara. 1993. Cinderella Goes to Market: Citizenship, Gender and Women’s Movements in East Central Europe. Oxford: Verso.
  • Fuszara, Malgorzata. 2017. “Poland – a Success Story? Political History of Introducing Gender Quota in Post-Communist Poland.” Teorija in Praska 54 (2): 317–336.
  • Gaber, Milica Antić, and Irena Selišnik. 2017. “The Slovene Version of a ‘Fast Track’ to Political Equality.” Teorija in Praksa 54 (2): 337–354.
  • Gal, Susan, and Gail Kligman. 2000. Reproducing Gender: Politics, Publics and Everyday Life After Socialism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Ghodsee, Kristen. 2019. Second World, Second Sex: Socialist Women’s Activism and Global Solidarity During the Cold War. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Gjermeni, Eglantina, and Alkida Lushaj. 2018. “Public Policy of Gender Equality in Albania in the Contexts of New Institutionalism.” RAIS Conference Proceedings, 246–251.
  • Gwiazda, Anna. 2015. “Women's Representation and Gender Quotas: The Case of the Polish Parliament.” Democratization 22 (4): 679–697.
  • Htun, Mala, and S. Laurel Weldon. 2012. “The Civic Origins of Progressive Policy Change: Combating Violence Against Women in Global Perspective, 1975–2005.” American Political Science Review 106 (3): 548–569.
  • Inter-Parliamentary Union. 2020. “Percentage of Women in Parliaments.” https://data.ipu.org/women-ranking?month=12&year=2019.
  • Jaquette, Jane S., and Sharon L Wolchik. 1998. Women and Democracy. Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.
  • Kriszán, Andrea, ed. 2015. Mobilizing for Policy Change: Women’s Movements in Central and Eastern European Domestic Violence Policy Struggles. Budapest: Central European University Press.
  • Kriszán, Andrea, and Raluca Popa. 2015. “Women’s Movements Challenging Gender-Based Violence in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe.” In Mobilizing for Policy Change: Women’s Movements in Central and Eastern European Domestic Violence Policy Struggles, edited by Andrea Kriszán, 1–44. Budapest: Central European University Press.
  • Krizsan, Andrea, and Conny Roggeband. 2017. The Gender Politics of Domestic Violence Feminists Engaging the State in Central and Eastern Europe. New York: Routledge.
  • Krook, Mona Lena. 2006. “Reforming Representation: The Diffusion of Candidate Gender Quotas Worldwide.” Politics & Gender 2 (3): 303–327.
  • Krook, Mona Lena. 2007. “Candidate Gender Quotas: A Framework for Analysis.” European Journal of Political Research 46 (3): 367–394.
  • Krook, Mona Lena. 2009. Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Krook, Mona Lena, Diana O’Brien, and Krista M. Swip. 2010. “Military Invasion and Women’s Political Representation: Gender Quotas in Post-Conflict Afghanistan and Iraq.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 12 (1): 65–65.
  • Landman, Todd, and Edzia Carvalho. 2017. Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics: An Introduction. New York: Routledge.
  • Lokar, Sonja, and Milica Antić. 2006. “The Balkans: From Total Rejection to Gradual Acceptance of Gender Quotas.” In Women, Quotas and Politics, edited by Drude Dahlerup, 138–167. New York: Routledge.
  • Majewska, Eva. 2018. “When Polish Women Revolted.” Jacobin Magazine, March 8. https://www.jacobinmag.com/2018/03/poland-black-protests-womens-strike-abortion-pis.
  • Matland, Richard E., and Kathleen Montgomery. 2003. Women’s Access to Political Power in Post-Communist Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Matland, Richard E., and Donley T. Studlar. 1996. “The Contagion of Women Candidates in Single-Member District and Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Canada and Norway.” The Journal of Politics 58 (3): 707–733.
  • Matynia, Elzibeta. 1995. “Finding a Voice: Women in Post-Communist Central Europe.” In Women’s Movements in the Global Era: The Power of Local Feminisms, edited by Amrita Basu, 374–402. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Mazur, Amy G., Dorothy E. McBride, and Season Hoard. 2016. “Comparative Strength of Women’s Movements Over Time: Conceptual, Empirical, and Theoretical Innovations.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 4 (4): 652–676.
  • Miškovska-Kajevska, Ana. 2017. Feminist Activism at War: Belgrade and Zagreb Feminists in the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
  • Mršević, Zorica. 2005. “Implementing Quotas: Legal Reform and Enforcement in Serbia and Montenegro.” International IDEA, the Implementation of Quotas: European Experiences, Quota Workshop Report Series, Stockholm: International IDEA.
  • Nacevska, Elena, and Sonja Lokar. 2017. “The Effectiveness of Gender Quotas in Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia.” Teorija in Praksa 54 (2): 394–412.
  • Orlović, Slavisa. 2014. “Političke Posledice Izbornog Cistema u Srbiji.” Politicki Zivot: Analiza 4: 19–36.
  • Pande, Rohini, and Deanna Ford. 2011. “Gender Quotas and Female Leadership: A Review”. Background Paper for the World Development Report on Gender.
  • Paxton, Pamela, and Melanie M. Hughes. 2016. Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective. Los Angeles: Sage (CQ) Publications.
  • Piscopo, Jennifer. 2018. “Latin America’s Female Leadership Void.” New York Times, February 5.
  • “Political Gender Quotas”. Oxfam Discussion Paper. May 2016.
  • Quota Project, “Country Profiles”. https://www.idea.int/data-tools/data/gender-quotas (January 2021).
  • Rashkova, Ekaterina, and Emilia Zankina. 2017. “Women’s Representation in Politics in South Eastern Europe Quotas and the Importance of Party Differences.” Teorija in Praksa 54 (2): 376–393.
  • Saxonberg, Steven. 2000. “Women in East European Parliaments.” Journal of Democracy 11 (2): 145–158.
  • Serbian Parliamentary Debate on National Elections. 2004. https://otvoreniparlament.rs/ (January 2019).
  • Siročić, Zorica. 2014. “Formulation, Adoption and Implementation of Gender Quotas in Croatia.” Prepared for the ECPR General Conference, Glasgow.
  • Śledzińska-Simon, Anna, and Adam Bodnar. 2013. “Gender Equality from Beneath: Electoral Gender Quotas in Poland.” Canadian Journal of Law and Society 28 (2): 151–168.
  • Snitow, Ann. 2009. “Women’s Anniversaries: Snapshots of Polish Feminism since 1989.” Dissent 56 (4): 61–67.
  • Spehar, Andrea. 2007. “How Women’s Movements Matter. Women’s Movements’ Strategies And Influence on Gender Policy Formation in Post-Communist Croatia and Slovenia.” PhD diss., University of Gothenberg.
  • Spehar, Andrea. 2012. “Women’s Movements as Agents of Change: The Politics of Policymaking and the Reform of Domestic Violence Laws in Croatia and Slovenia, 1991–2004.” Journal of Women, Politics and Policy 33 (3): 205–238.
  • Thames, Frank C. 2018. “The Representation of Women.” In The Routledge Handbook of East European Politics, edited by Adam Fagan and Petr Kopecký. New York: Routledge.
  • Towns, Ann. 2010. Women and States: Norms and Hierarchies in International Society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tripp, Aili Mari. 2016. “Ambiguities and Challenges in Measuring Women’s Movement Strength.” Politics, Groups, and Identities 4 (4): 684–689.
  • Tripp, Aili Mari, and Alice Kang. 2008. “The Global Impact of Quotas: On the Fast Track to Increased Female Legislative Representation.” Comparative Political Studies 41 (3): 338–361.
  • United Nations Beijing Conference Platform. 1995. https://beijing20.unwomen.org/en/about (January 2020).
  • United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). 1979. https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&clang=_en (January 2020).
  • Waylen, Georgina. 1994. “Women and Democratization Conceptualizing Gender Relations in Transition Politics.” World Politics 46 (3): 327–354.
  • Waylen, Georgina. 2007. Engendering Transitions: Women’s Mobilization, Institutions, and Gender Outcomes. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Žarkov, Dubravka. 2003. “Feminism and the Disintegration of Yugoslavia: On the Politics of Gender and Ethnicity.” Social Development Issues (Special Issue: Women in Conflict and Crisis) 24 (3): 59–68.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.