How do social movements take the “electoral turn” in unfavourable contexts? The case of “Do Not Let Belgrade D(r)own”

References

• Alagna, Federico. 2019. “Italian Municipalism: Patterns, Missed Opportunities and the Way Forward.” Minim, November 12. https://minim-municipalism.org/magazine/italian-municipalism-patterns-missed-opportunities-and-the-way-forward.
   Google Scholar
• Antonić, Slobodan. 2007. “Cleavages in Serbia and Consolidation of Democracy.” Sociološki Pregled 41 (1): 21–55. doi:10.5937/socpreg0701021A.
   Google Scholar
• Ataç, Ilker, and Elias Steinhilper. 2022. “Arenas of Fragile Alliance Making. Space and Interaction in Precarious Migrant Protest in Berlin and Vienna.” Social Movement Studies 21 (1-2): 152–168. Routledge. doi:10.1080/14742837.2020.1837099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baća, Bojan. 2022. “Practice Theory and Postsocialist Civil Society: Toward a New Analytical Framework.” International Political Sociology 16 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1093/ips/olab021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakardjieva, Maria, and Nely Konstantinova. 2020. “Politics vs. Antipolitics in the Mediatised Public Sphere: Traversing the Contested Boundary Between the Civic and the Political in Bulgaria.” Javnost – The Public 28 (1): 20–35. doi:10.1080/13183222.2020.1839838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ball, Johnny. 2019. “What is ‘New Municipalism’, and Can It Really Combat Austerity?” New Statesman, April 9. https://www.newstatesman.com/spotlight/2019/04/what-new-municipalism-and-can-it-really-combat-austerity.
   Google Scholar
• Balunović, Filip. 2018. “Građanska Elita i ‘Ne Da(vi)Mo Beograd’.” Novi Plamen, April 4. https://www.noviplamen.net/glavna/gradanska-elita-ne-davimo-beograd-podsmeh-na-prvi-pogled/.
   Google Scholar
• Balunović, Filip. 2020. “The Cognitive Background of Activism.” Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Florence: Scuola Normale Superiore.
   Google Scholar
• Balunović, Filip. 2021. “Social Movements and Critical Discourses in Former Yugoslavia: Structural Approach.” Filozofija i Društvo 32 (2): 296–317. doi:10.2298/FID2102296B.
   Google Scholar
• Benford, Robert D., and David A. Snow. 2000. “Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment.” Annual Review of Sociology 26 (1): 611–639. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieber, Florian. 2018. “Patterns of Competitive Authoritarianism in the Western Balkans.” East European Politics 34 (3): 337–354. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1490272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs, Michael. 2003. “Positive Feedback in Collective Mobilisation: The American Strike Wave of 1886.” Theory and Society 32 (2): 217–254. doi:10.1023/A:1023905019461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bochsler, Daniel, and Andreas Juon. 2020. “Authoritarian Footprints in Central and Eastern Europe.” East European Politics 36 (2): 167–187. doi:10.1080/21599165.2019.1698420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosi, Lorenzo, Marco Giugni, and Katrin Uba, eds. 2016. The Consequences of Social Movements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, doi:10.1017/CBO9781316337790.
   Google Scholar
• Castaldo, Antonino. 2020. “Back to Competitive Authoritarianism? Democratic Backsliding in Vučić’s Serbia.” Europe-Asia Studies 72 (10): 1617–1638. doi:10.1080/09668136.2020.1817860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chironi, Daniela, and Raffaella Fittipaldi. 2017. “Social Movements and New Forms of Political Organization: Podemos as a Hybrid Party.” Partecipazione e Conflitto 10: 275–305. doi:10.1285/i20356609v10i1p275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowell-Meyers, Kimberly B. 2014. “The Social Movement as Political Party: The Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition and the Campaign for Inclusion.” Perspectives on Politics 12 (1): 61–80. doi:10.1017/S153759271300371X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dau, Elisabeth. 2020. “Against the Tide: A Review of the 2020 French Municipal Elections and the Dynamics of Participatory Lists. Report II.” Minim Municipalism Observatory.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, Donatella. 2008. “Eventful Protest, Global Conflicts.” Distinktion: Journal of Social Theory 9 (2): 27–56. doi:10.1080/1600910X.2008.9672963.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, Donatella. 2020. “Protests as Critical Junctures: Some Reflections towards a Momentous Approach to Social Movements.” Social Movement Studies 19 (5-6): 556–575. Routledge. doi:10.1080/14742837.2018.1555458.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Della Porta, Donatella, Joseba Fernández, Hara Kouki, and Lorenzo Mosca. 2017. Movement Parties Against Austerity. Malden: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Doherty, Brian, and Graeme Hayes. 2018. “Tactics and Strategic Action.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, Hanspeter Kriesi, and Holly J. McCammon, 269–288. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781119168577.ch15.
   Google Scholar
• Dolenec, Danijela, Karlo Kralj, and Ana Balković. 2021. “Keeping a Roof Over Your Head: Housing and Anti-Debt Movements in Croatia and Serbia During the Great Recession.” East European Politics, Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/21599165.2021.1937136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Džuverović, Nemanja, and Aleksandar Milošević. 2021. “‘Belgrade to Belgradians, Not Foreign Capitalists’: International Statebuilding, Contentious Politics, and New Forms of Political Representation in Serbia.” East European Politics and Societies 35 (1): 190–209. doi:10.1177/0888325420904441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagan, Adam, and Filip Ejdus. 2020. “Lost at the Waterfront? Explaining the Absence of Green Organisations in the Don’t Let Belgrade D(r)Own Movement.” Environmental Politics, Advance online publication, doi:10.1080/09644016.2020.1720473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiket, Irena, Marjan Ivkovic, Gazela Pudar Draško, and Jelena Vasiljevic. 2019. “The Discourse of Anti-Instrumentalism: Exploring a Conceptual Model Through the Case Study of the We Won’t Let Belgrade D(r)Own Initiative.” Partecipazione e Conflitto 12 (3): 898–918. doi:10.1285/I20356609V12I3P898.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiket, Irena, Zoran Pavlović, and Gazela Pudar Draško. 2017. Cartography of Political Perceptions. Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Flesher Fominaya, Cristina. 2015. “Debunking Spontaneity: Spain’s 15-M/Indignados as Autonomous Movement.” Social Movement Studies 14 (2): 142–163. doi:10.1080/14742837.2014.945075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flesher Fominaya, Cristina. 2020. Democracy Reloaded: Inside Spain’s Political Laboratory from 15-M to Podemos. Oxford Studies in Culture and Politics. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gamson, William A., and David S. Meyer. 1996. “Framing Political Opportunity.” In Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements, edited by Doug McAdam, John D. McCarthy, and Mayer N. Zald, 275–290. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511803987.014.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsson, Kerstin, and Elżbieta Korolczuk. 2020. “Mobilising Grassroots in the City: Lessons for Civil Society Research in Central and Eastern Europe.” International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 33 (2): 125–142. doi:10.1007/s10767-019-9320-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M. 2014. “Constructing Indignation: Anger Dynamics in Protest Movements.” Emotion Review 6 (3): 208–213. doi:10.1177/1754073914522863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jou, Willy. 2010. “Political Cleavages in Serbia: Changes and Continuities in Structuring Left–Right Orientations.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 10 (2): 187–206. doi:10.1080/14683857.2010.486947.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jovanović, Milan. 2019. “Pravo Na Političko Udruživanje i Osnivanje Političkih Stranaka u Srbiji – Problemi i Dileme.” Arhiv Za Pravne i Društvene Nauke 114 (1–2): 31–51.
   Google Scholar
• Jovović, Radivoje, and Duško Radosavljević. 2019. “Partije Kao Protagonisti Stagnacije: Slučaj Srbija.” In Zbornik Radova Sa Redovne Međunarodne Konferencije Udruženja Za Političke Nauke Srbije, edited by Dušan Pavlović, 129–140. Beograd: Udruženje za političke nauke Srbije, Univerzitet u Beogradu – Fakultet političkih nauka.
   Google Scholar
• Kitschelt, Herbert. 2006. “Movement Parties.” In Handbook of Party Politics, edited by Richard S. Katz and William Crotty, 278–290. London: SAGE Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Koopmans, Ruud, and Paul Statham. 1999. “Ethnic and Civic Conceptions of Nationhood and the Differential Success of the Extreme Right in Germany and Italy.” In How Social Movements Matter, edited by Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, and Charles Tilly, 225–251. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kovačević, Despot. 2020. “Uticaj potpunih i parcijalnih društvenih rascepa na partijske sisteme – uporedna analiza zemalja bivše SFRJ.” Sociologija 62 (3): 354–377. doi:10.2298/SOC2003354K.
   Google Scholar
• Kralj, Karlo. 2021. “Maintaining the Boundary: Analysing the Continuous Importance of Nonpartisanship for Croatian ‘Second Wave’ Advocacy NGOs.” Croatian Political Science Review 58 (4): 52–76. doi:10.20901/pm.58.4.03.
   Google Scholar
• Kurzman, Charles. 2003. “The Post-Structuralist Consensus in Social Movement Theory.” In Rethinking Social Movements: Structure Meaning and Emotion, edited by Jeff Goodwin and James M. Jasper, 111–120. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Lindekilde, Lasse. 2014. “Discourse and Frame Analysis: In-Depth Analysis of Qualitative Data in Social Movement Research.” In Methodological Practices in Social Movement Research, edited by Donatella Della Porta, 194–227. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lisi, Marco. 2019. “Party Innovation, Hybridisation and the Crisis: The Case of Podemos.” Italian Political Science Review 49 (3): 245–262. doi:10.1017/ipo.2018.20.
   Google Scholar
• March, Luke. 2016. “Radical Left ‘Success’ Before and After the Great Recession: Still Waiting for the Great Leap Forward?” In Europe’s Radical Left: From Marginality to the Mainstream?, edited by Luke March and Daniel Keith, 27–50. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers: London and New York.
   Google Scholar
• Matković, Aleksandar, and Marjan Ivković. 2018. “Neoliberal Instrumentalism and the Fight Against It: The ‘We Won’t Let Belgrade D(r)Own’ Movement.” East European Politics 34 (1): 27–38. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1423965.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, Doug. 2013. “Cognitive Liberation.” In The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Donatella Della Porta, Bert Klandermans, and Doug McAdam. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 208–210. doi:10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm030.
   Google Scholar
• McAdam, Doug, and William H. Sewell Jr. 2001. “It’s about Time: Temporality in the Study of Social Movements and Revolutions.” In Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics, edited by Ronald R. Aminzade, Jack A. Goldstone, Doug McAdam, Elizabeth J. Perry, William H. Sewell Jr, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly, 89–125. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511815331.005.
   Google Scholar
• McCammon, Holly. 2013. “Discursive Opportunity Structure.” In The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Donatella Della Porta, Bert Klandermans, and Doug McAdam, wbespm073. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 371–373. doi:10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm073.
   Google Scholar
• Mikuš, Marek. 2018. Frontiers of Civil Society: Government and Hegemony in Serbia. New York: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Milan, Chiara. 2022. “From the Streets to the Town Halls: Municipalist Platforms in the Post-Yugoslav Space.” Urban Studies, Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/00420980221090134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milivojević, Snježana. 2018. The Case of Savamala. Belgrade: Civil Rights Defenders.
   Google Scholar
• Minkoff, Debra C. 1999. “Bending with the Wind: Strategic Change and Adaptation by Women’s and Racial Minority Organisations.” American Journal of Sociology 104 (6): 1666–1703. doi:10.1086/210220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morača, Tijana. 2016. Between Defiance and Compliance: A New Civil Society in the Post-Yugoslav Space?” Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso Transeuropa – Occasional paper.
   Google Scholar
• Nepstad, Sharon Erickson. 1997. “The Process of Cognitive Liberation: Cultural Synapses, Links, and Frame Contradictions in the U.S.-Central America Peace Movement.” Sociological Inquiry 67 (4): 470–487. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1997.tb00448.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panitch, Leo. 2018. “Democratising the Party and the State: Transcending the Limits of the Left.” In From the Streets to the State: Changing the World by Taking Power, edited by Paul Christopher Gray, 25–40. Albany: SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pavlović, Dušan. 2020. “The Political Economy Behind the Gradual Demise of Democratic Institutions in Serbia.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20 (1): 19–39. doi:10.1080/14683857.2019.1672929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pešić, Jelena, and Jelisaveta Petrović. 2020. “The Role and the Positioning of the Left in Serbia’s ‘One of Five Million’ Protests.” Balkanologie. Revue d’études Pluridisciplinaires 15 (2). Association française d’études sur les Balkans, 1–21. doi:10.4000/balkanologie.2576.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, Abbey. 2016. “The Institutionalisation Processes of a Neo-Nazi Movement Party: Securing Movement Outcomes.” In The Consequences of Social Movements, edited by Lorenzo Bosi, Marco Giugni, and Katrin Uba, 314–337. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Petrović, Jelisaveta, and Dalibor Petrović. 2017. “Konektivna akcija kao novi obrazac protestnog aktivizma.” Sociologija 59 (4): 405–426.
   Google Scholar
• Portos, Martin. 2021. Grievances and Public Protests: Political Mobilisation in Spain in the Age of Austerity. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Portos, Martín, and Tiago Carvalho. 2022. “Alliance Building and Eventful Protests: Comparing Spanish and Portuguese Trajectories under the Great Recession.” Social Movement Studies 21 (1–2): 42–61. Routledge. doi:10.1080/14742837.2019.1681957.
   Google Scholar
• Pudar Draško, Gazela, Irena Fiket, and Jelena Vasiljević. 2020. “Big Dreams and Small Steps: Comparative Perspectives on the Social Movement Struggle for Democracy in Serbia and North Macedonia.” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 20 (1): 199–219. doi:10.1080/14683857.2019.1654317.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puljek-Shank, Randall, and Felix Fritsch. 2019. “Activism in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Struggles Against Dual Hegemony and the Emergence of ‘Local First’.” East European Politics and Societies 33 (1): 135–156. doi:10.1177/0888325418767505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi, Federico M. 2016. “Conceptualising Strategy Making in a Historical and Collective Perspective.” In Social Movement Dynamics: New Perspectives on Theory and Research from Latin America, edited by Federico M. Rossi and Marisa von Bülow, 15–41. Farnham: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315609546-2
   Google Scholar
• Rubio-Pueyo, Vicente. 2017. Municipalism in Spain: From Barcelona to Madrid and Beyond. New York: Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Sewell, William H. 2005. Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Slavković, Ljubica. 2015. “Belgrade Waterfront: An Investor’s Vision of National Significance.” Failed Architecture, May 15. https://failedarchitecture.com/belgrade-waterfront/.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, David A., and Robert D. Benford. 1988. “Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilisation.” International Social Movement Research 1: 197–217.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, David A., and Robert D. Benford. 1992. “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Aldon D. Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller, 133–155. New Haven: Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spasojević, Dušan. 2016. “Kakve levice su moguće u Srbiji?” In Socijalna Demokratija u Europi i Koncept “Dobrog Društva”, edited by Slaviša Orlović, 183–196. Beograd: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
   Google Scholar
• Stojiljković, Zoran, and Dušan Spasojević. 2018. “Populistički Zeitgeist u ‘proevropskoj’ Srbiji.” Politička misao: časopis za politologiju 55 (3): 104–128. doi:10.20901/pm.55.3.04.
   Google Scholar
• Štiks, Igor. 2015. “‘New Left’ in the Post-Yugoslav Space: Issues, Sites, and Forms.” Socialism and Democracy 29 (3): 135–146. doi:10.1080/08854300.2015.1089094.
   Google Scholar
• Vesco, Antonio. 2020. “‘Heteropolitics’: Refiguring the Common and the Political.” Case Studies in Italy. Report 4.
   Google Scholar
• Vilenica, Ana. 2019. “Šta je trulo u aktuelnim beogradskim protestima?” Mašina, January 11. https://www.masina.rs/sta-je-trulo-u-aktuelnim-beogradskim-protestima/.
   Google Scholar
• Vučićević, Dušan, and Milan Jovanović. 2015. “Reforma Izbornog Sistema u Srbiji: Prepreke i Perspektive.” Srpska Politička Misao special issue: 87–119.
   Google Scholar
• Zakošek, Nenad. 2008. “Democratisation, State-Building and War: The Cases of Serbia and Croatia.” Democratisation 15 (3): 588–610. doi:10.1080/13510340801991130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaštitnik građana. 2016. Izveštaj Zaštitnika građana 13–32–2147/2016, del. br. 17008, 9 May 2016. Beograd.
   Google Scholar