Angry and afraid: emotional drivers of protest for abortion rights in Poland

References

• Ahmed, Saifuddin, Kokil Jaidka, and Jaeho Cho. 2017. “Tweeting India’s Nirbhaya Protest: A Study of Emotional Dynamics in an Online Social Movement.” Social Movement Studies 16 (4): 447–465. doi:10.1080/14742837.2016.1192457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albertson, Bethany, Lindsay Dun, and Shana Kushner Gadarian. 2020. “The Emotional Aspects of Political Persuasion.” In The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Persuasion, edited by Elizabeth Suhay, Bernard Grofman, and Alexander H. Trechsel, 169. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aminzade, Ron, and Doug McAdam. 2001. “Emotions and Contentious Politics.” Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics, 14–50. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511815331.003.
   Google Scholar
• Azab, Marian, and Wayne A. Santoro. 2017. “Rethinking Fear and Protest: Racialized Repression of Arab Americans and the Mobilization Benefits of Being Afraid.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 22 (4): 473–491. doi:10.17813/1086-671X-22-4-473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, Bert N, and Claes H de Vreese. 2016. “Personality and European Union Attitudes: Relationships Across European Union Attitude Dimensions.” European Union Politics 17 (1): 25–45. doi:10.1177/1465116515595885.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, Lisa Feldman. 2017. How Emotions Are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
   Google Scholar
• Bericat, Eduardo. 2016. “The Sociology of Emotions: Four Decades of Progress.” Current Sociology 64 (3): 491–513. doi:10.1177/0011392115588355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berkowitz, Leonard, and Eddie Harmon-Jones. 2004. “Toward an Understanding of the Determinants of Anger.” Emotion 4 (2): 107. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.4.2.107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bermeo, Nancy. 2016. “On Democratic Backsliding.” Journal of Democracy 27 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1353/jod.2016.0012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi, Luca, Mikko Mattila, Achillefs Papageorgiou, and Lauri Rapeli. 2021. “Down But Not Yet Out: Depression, Political Efficacy, and Voting.” Political Psychology: 1–17. doi:10.1111/pops.12837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, Mary. 1997. “Celebration and Suppression: The Strategic Uses of Identity by the Lesbian and Gay Movement.” American Journal of Sociology 103 (3): 531–565. doi:10.1086/231250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beswick, Emma. 2020. “Police Using ‘excessive Violence’ against Peaceful Protesters in Poland amid Abortion Row.” Euronews, November 25, 2020. https://www.euronews.com/2020/11/24/police-using-excessive-violence-against-peaceful-protesters-in-poland.
   Google Scholar
• Bielinska-Kowalewska, Katarzyna. 2017. “# Czarnyprotest: The Black Protest for Abortion Rights in Poland.” New Politics 16 (2): 53.
   Google Scholar
• Blackington, Courtney. 2022. “Two Polish Women Died after Being Refused Timely Abortions. Many Poles Are Outraged – and Protesting.” The Monkey Cage, Washington Post, 2022.
   Google Scholar
• Boomgaarden, Hajo G, Andreas RT Schuck, Matthijs Elenbaas, and Claes H De Vreese. 2011. “Mapping EU Attitudes: Conceptual and Empirical Dimensions of Euroscepticism and EU Support.” European Union Politics 12 (2): 241–266. doi:10.1177/1465116510395411.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bou Zeineddine, Fouad, and Colin Wayne Leach. 2021. “Feeling and Thought in Collective Action on Social Issues: Toward a Systems Perspective.” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 15 (7): e12622. doi:10.1111/spc3.12622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brader, Ted, and George E. Marcus. 2013. “Emotion and Political Psychology.”
   Google Scholar
• Capelos, Tereza, and Stavroula Chrona. 2018. “The Map to the Heart: An Analysis of Political Affectivity in Turkey.” Politics and Governance 6 (4): 144–158. doi:10.17645/pag.v6i4.1576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casas, Andreu, and Nora Webb Williams. 2019. “Images That Matter: Online Protests and the Mobilizing Role of Pictures.” Political Research Quarterly 72 (2): 360–375. doi:10.1177/1065912918786805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castells, Manuel. 2015. Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Cambridge, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Charnysh, Volha, and Leonid Peisakhin. 2022. “The Role of Communities in the Transmission of Political Values: Evidence from Forced Population Transfers.” British Journal of Political Science 52 (1): 238–258. doi:10.1017/S0007123420000447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conover, Pamela Johnston, and Stanley Feldman. 1986. “Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I’m Mad as Hell and I’m Not Going to Take It Anymore.” American Journal of Political Science, 50–78. doi:10.2307/2111294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarniawska, Agata. 2020. “Cultural Clash in the Midst of Pandemic: Essay on Protests in Poland.” The Interdisciplinary Journal of International Studies 10 (1): 10–10. doi:10.5278/ojs.ijis.v10i1.6357.
   Google Scholar
• De Quervain, Dominique JF, Urs Fischbacher, Valerie Treyer, and Melanie Schellhammer. 2004. “The Neural Basis of Altruistic Punishment.” Science 305 (5688): 1254. doi:10.1126/science.1100735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBell, Paul Armstrong. 2016. “Turning Outrage into Disgust: The Emotional Basis of Democratic Backsliding in Hungary.” PhD thesis, The Ohio State University.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, Donatella, and Gianni Piazza. 2008. Voices of the Valley, Voices of the Straits: How Protest Creates Communities. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Eslen-Ziya, Hande, Aidan McGarry, Olu Jenzen, Itir Erhart, and Umut Korkut. 2019. ““From Anger to Solidarity: The Emotional Echo-Chamber of Gezi Park Protests.” Emotion, Space and Society 33: 100632. doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2019.100632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FEDERA. 2019. “Raport Roczny 2018.” Warszawa: Federacja na rzecz Kobiet i Planowania Rodziny.
   Google Scholar
• FEDERA. 2020. “#PiekłoKobietTrwa – O Fatalnych Skutkach Ustawy o Planowaniu Rodziny i Walcy z Nadużyciami.” Fundacja Na Rzecz Kobiet i Planowania Rodziny, January 7, 2020. https://federa.org.pl/represyjna-ustawa/.
   Google Scholar
• Fehr, Beverley, Mark Baldwin, Lois Collins, Suzanne Patterson, and Riva Benditt. 1999. “Anger in Close Relationships: An Interpersonal Script Analysis.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 (3): 299–312. doi:10.1177/0146167299025003003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda, Nico H., Peter Kuipers, and Elisabeth Ter Schure. 1989. “Relations among Emotion, Appraisal, and Emotional Action Readiness.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57 (2): 212. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamson, William A. 1992. Talking Politics. New York: Cambridge university press.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, Jeff. 1997. “The Libidinal Constitution of a High-Risk Social Movement: Affectual Ties and Solidarity in the Huk Rebellion, 1946 to 1954.” American Sociological Review, 53–69. doi:10.2307/2657452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodwin, Jeff, James M Jasper, and Francesca Polletta. 2004. “Emotional Dimensions of Social Movements.” The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, 413–432.
   Google Scholar
• Goodwin, Jeff, and Steven Pfaff. 2001. “Emotion Work in High-Risk Social Movements: Managing Fear in the US and East German Civil Rights Movements.” Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, 282–302. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226304007.003.0017.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, Roger V. 1991. “Multiple Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871.” American Sociological Review, 716–729. doi:10.2307/2096251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, Deborah. 2002. “Life During Wartime: Emotions and the Development of ACT UP.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 7 (2): 177–200. doi:10.17813/maiq.7.2.8u264427k88vl764.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, Deborah B. 2009. Moving Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Grabowska, Magdalena. 2009. “Polish Feminism between East and West: The Formation of the Polish Women’s Movement Identity.” PhD thesis, Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick.
   Google Scholar
• Graff, Agnieszka. 2003. “Lost Between the Waves? The Paradoxes of Feminist Chronology and Activism in Contemporary Poland.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 4 (2): 100–116.
   Google Scholar
• Graff, Agnieszka. 2020. “Angry Women. Poland’s Black Protests as ‘Populist Feminism.’” Right-Wing Populism and Gender. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 231–50.
   Google Scholar
• Graff, Agnieszka, and Elżbieta Korolczuk. 2022. Anti-Gender Politics in the Populist Moment. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Greene, Samuel A, and Graeme Robertson. 2022. “Affect and Autocracy: Emotions and Attitudes in Russia After Crimea.” Perspectives on Politics 20 (1): 38–52. doi:10.1017/S1537592720002339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwiazda, Anna. 2015. Democracy in Poland: Representation, Participation, Competition and Accountability Since 1989. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gwiazda, Anna. 2019. “The Substantive Representation of Women in Poland.” Politics & Gender 15 (2): 262–284. doi:10.1017/S1743923X18000909.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, Bogumila. 2019. “Gendering Resistance to Right-Wing Populism: Black Protest and a New Wave of Feminist Activism in Poland?” American Behavioral Scientist 63 (10): 1497–1515. doi:10.1177/0002764219831731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoemann, Katie, and Lisa Feldman Barrett. 2019. “Concepts Dissolve Artificial Boundaries in the Study of Emotion and Cognition, Uniting Body, Brain, and Mind.” Cognition and Emotion 33 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1535428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jablonski, Ryan S, Mark T Buntaine, Daniel L Nielson, and Paula M Pickering. 2022. “Individualized Text Messages About Public Services Fail to Sway Voters: Evidence from a Field Experiment on Ugandan Elections.” Journal of Experimental Political Science 9 (3): 346–358. doi:10.1017/XPS.2021.15.
   Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M. 1998. “The Emotions of Protest: Affective and Reactive Emotions in and Around Social Movements.” Sociological Forum 13: 397–424. Springer. doi:10.1023/A:1022175308081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M. 2011. “Emotions and Social Movements: Twenty Years of Theory and Research.” Annual Review of Sociology 37: 285–303. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M. 2014. “Constructing Indignation: Anger Dynamics in Protest Movements.” Emotion Review 6 (3): 208–213. doi:10.1177/1754073914522863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M. 2018. The Emotions of Protest. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M, and Lynn Owens. 2014. “Social Movements and Emotions.” In Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions: Volume II, edited by Jan E. Stets, and Jonathan H. Turner, 529–548. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Jasper, James M, and Jane D Poulsen. 1995. “Recruiting Strangers and Friends: Moral Shocks and Social Networks in Animal Rights and Anti-Nuclear Protests.” Social Problems 42 (4): 493–512. doi:10.2307/3097043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadivar, Mohammad Ali. 2018. “Mass Mobilization and the Durability of New Democracies.” American Sociological Review 83 (2): 390–417. doi:10.1177/0003122418759546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleres, Jochen, and Åsa Wettergren. 2017. “Fear, Hope, Anger, and Guilt in Climate Activism.” Social Movement Studies 16 (5): 507–519. doi:10.1080/14742837.2017.1344546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korolczuk, Elżbieta. 2016a. “Bunt Kobiet AD 2016: Skąd Się Wzią\l i Czego Nas Uczy?”.
   Google Scholar
• Korolczuk, Elżbieta. 2016b. “Explaining Mass Protests Against Abortion Ban in Poland: The Power of Connective Action.” Zoon Politikon 7 (7): 91–113.
   Google Scholar
• Korolczuk, Elżbieta. 2020. “The Fight Against ‘Gender’and ‘LGBT Ideology’: New Developments in Poland.” European Journal of Politics and Gender 3 (1): 165–167. doi:10.1332/251510819X15744244471843.
   Google Scholar
• Kotwas, Marta, and Jan Kubik. 2019. “Symbolic Thickening of Public Culture and the Rise of Right-Wing Populism in Poland.” East European Politics and Societies 33 (2): 435–471. doi:10.1177/0888325419826691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuppens, Peter, and Iven Van Mechelen. 2007. “Interactional Appraisal Models for the Anger Appraisals of Threatened Self-Esteem, Other-Blame, and Frustration.” Cognition and Emotion 21 (1): 56–77. doi:10.1080/02699930600562193
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landwehr, Claudia, and Christopher Ojeda. 2021. “Democracy and Depression: A Cross-National Study of Depressive Symptoms and Nonparticipation.” American Political Science Review 115 (1): 323–330. doi:10.1017/S0003055420000830
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach, Colin Wayne, Aarti Iyer, and Anne Pedersen. 2006. “Anger and Guilt About Ingroup Advantage Explain the Willingness for Political Action.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32 (9): 1232–1245. doi:10.1177/0146167206289729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemmings, David, and Ann Brooks. 2014. “The Emotional Turn in the Humanities and Social Sciences.” In Emotions and Social Change, 17–32. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, Jennifer S, and Dacher Keltner. 2001. “Fear, Anger, and Risk.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (1): 146. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.1.146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majewska, Ewa. 2016. “S\laby Opór i Si\la Bezsilnych.# Czarnyprotest Kobiet w Polsce 2016.” Manuscript Available on Academia. Edu, Www.Academia.Edu/31140128/S%C5%82aby_Op%C3%B3r_I_Si%C5%82a_Bezsilnych_Czarny_Protest_Kobiet_W_Polsce_.
   Google Scholar
• Majtényi, Balázs, Ákos Kopper, and Pál Susánszky. 2019. “Constitutional Othering, Ambiguity and Subjective Risks of Mobilization in Hungary: Examples from the Migration Crisis.” Democratization 26 (2): 173–189. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1493051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowski, Radoslaw. 2016. “The Polish Parliamentary Election of 2015: A Free and Fair Election That Results in Unfair Political Consequences.” West European Politics 39 (6): 1311–1322. doi:10.1080/01402382.2016.1177305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, Doug. 1986. “Recruitment to High-Risk Activism: The Case of Freedom Summer.” American Journal of Sociology 92 (1): 64–90. doi:10.1086/228463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam, Doug. 1988. Freedom Summer. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Motak, Dominika, Joanna Krotofil, and Dorota Wójciak. 2021. “The Battle for Symbolic Power: Kraków as a Stage of Renegotiation of the Social Position of the Catholic Church in Poland.” Religions 12 (8): 594. doi:10.3390/rel12080594
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepstad, Sharon Erickson. 2004. “Persistent Resistance: Commitment and Community in the Plowshares Movement.” Social Problems 51 (1): 43–60. doi:10.1525/sp.2004.51.1.43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nepstad, Sharon Erickson, and Christian Smith. 2001. “The Social Structure of Moral Outrage in Recruitment to the US Central America Peace Movement.” Passionate Politics: Emotions and Social Movements, 158–174. doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226304007.003.0010
   Google Scholar
• O’Gorman, Rick, David Sloan Wilson, and Ralph R. Miller. 2005. “Altruistic Punishing and Helping Differ in Sensitivity to Relatedness, Friendship, and Future Interactions.” Evolution and Human Behavior 26 (5): 375–387. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojeda, Christopher. 2015. “Depression and Political Participation.” Social Science Quarterly 96 (5): 1226–1243. doi:10.1111/ssqu.12173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostaszewska, Aneta. 2018. “Black Protests – A Struggle for Women’s Subjectivity.” Polish Journal of Educational Studies, 92–102. doi:10.2478/poljes-2018-0008
   Google Scholar
• Paladino, Maria-Paola, Sara Zaniboni, Fabio Fasoli, Jeroen Vaes, and Chiara Volpato. 2014. “Why Did I Talians Protest Against B Erlusconi’s Sexist Behaviour? The Role of Sexist Beliefs and Emotional Reactions in Explaining Women and Men’s Pathways to Protest.” British Journal of Social Psychology 53 (2): 201–216. doi:10.1111/bjso.12023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramme, Jennifer, and Claudia Snochowska-Gonzalez. 2018. “Solidarność Mimo Różnic–Solidarność Dzięki Różnicom. Dzia\laczki Ogólnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet.” Praktyka Teoretyczna 30 (4): 75–100. doi:10.14746/prt.2018.4.3
   Google Scholar
• Ramme, Jennifer, and Claudia Snochowska-Gonzalez. 2021. “The Ambivalence of the Ordinary: The Polish Women’s Strike (OSK) and the Women’s March 8th Alliance (PK8M) in a Comparative Perspective.” In Gender and Power in Eastern Europe, edited by Katharina Bluhm, Gertrud Pickhan, Justyna Stypińska, and Agnieszka Wierzcholska, 123–142. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Redlawsk, David P., Andrew JW Civettini, and Karen M. Emmerson. 2010. “The Affective Tipping Point: Do Motivated Reasoners Ever ‘Get It’?” Political Psychology 31 (4): 563–593. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00772.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld, Bryn. 2017. “Reevaluating the Middle-Class Protest Paradigm: A Case-Control Study of Democratic Protest Coalitions in Russia.” American Political Science Review 111 (4): 637–652. doi:10.1017/S000305541700034X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, Timothy J. 2012. “What Makes Us Click? Demonstrating Incentives for Angry Discourse with Digital-Age Field Experiments.” The Journal of Politics 74 (4): 1138–1152. doi:10.1017/S0022381612000540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salamey, Imad, and Frederic S. Pearson. 2012. “The Collapse of Middle Eastern Authoritarianism: Breaking the Barriers of Fear and Power.” Third World Quarterly 33 (5): 931–948. doi:10.1080/01436597.2012.674702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawka, Natalia. 2018. “Wojnę Kobiet z Polskim Państwem Wyznaniowym Czas Zacząć.” Krytyka Polityczna, March 23, 2018. https://krytykapolityczna.pl/kraj/czarny-protest-2018/.
   Google Scholar
• Snow, David A, Louis A Zurcher Jr, and Sheldon Ekland-Olson. 1980. “Social Networks and Social Movements: A Microstructural Approach to Differential Recruitment.” American Sociological Review, 787–801. doi:10.2307/2094895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, Denis G., and Roger D. Masters. 1988. “‘ Happy Warriors’: Leaders’ Facial Displays, Viewers’ Emotions, and Political Support.” American Journal of Political Science, 345–368. doi:10.2307/2111127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, Verta. 1995. “Watching for Vibes.” Feminist Organizations, 223–233.
   Google Scholar
• Troyer, Lisa, and Dawn T. Robinson. 2006. “Contributions of a Sociological Perspective on Affect to the Study of Political Action.” In Feeling Politics, edited by David P. Redlawsk, 47–56. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Vachudova, Milada Anna. 2020. “Ethnopopulism and Democratic Backsliding in Central Europe.” East European Politics 36 (3): 318–340. doi:10.1080/21599165.2020.1787163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentino, Nicholas A, Ted Brader, Eric W Groenendyk, Krysha Gregorowicz, and Vincent L Hutchings. 2011. “Election Night’s Alright for Fighting: The Role of Emotions in Political Participation.” The Journal of Politics 73 (1): 156–170. doi:10.1017/S0022381610000939.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentino, Nicholas A., Krysha Gregorowicz, and Eric W. Groenendyk. 2009. “Efficacy, Emotions and the Habit of Participation.” Political Behavior 31 (3): 307–330. doi:10.1007/s11109-008-9076-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentino, Nicholas A., and Fabian G. Neuner. 2017. “Why the Sky Didn’t Fall: Mobilizing Anger in Reaction to Voter ID Laws.” Political Psychology 38 (2): 331–350. doi:10.1111/pops.12332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ness, Justin, and Erika Summers-Effler. 2018. “Emotions in Social Movements.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, Hanspeter Kriesi, and Holly J. McCammon, 411–428. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien. 2017. “Radicalization and Violent Emotions.” PS: Political Science & Politics 50 (4): 936–939. doi:10.1017/S1049096517001020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, and Bert Klandermans. 2013. “The Social Psychology of Protest.” Current Sociology 61 (5–6): 886–905. doi:10.1177/0011392113479314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Stekelenburg, Jacquelien, Bert Klandermans, and Wilco W. Van Dijk. 2011. “Combining Motivations and Emotion: The Motivational Dynamics of Protest Participation.” Revista de Psicología Social 26 (1): 91–104. doi:10.1174/021347411794078426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, Martijn, Colin Wayne Leach, and Russell Spears. 2010. “Does Group Efficacy Increase Group Identification? Resolving Their Paradoxical Relationship.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46 (6): 1055–1060. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.05.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, Martijn, Tom Postmes, and Russell Spears. 2008. “Toward an Integrative Social Identity Model of Collective Action: A Quantitative Research Synthesis of Three Socio-Psychological Perspectives.” Psychological Bulletin 134 (4): 504. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zomeren, Martijn, Russell Spears, Agneta H. Fischer, and Colin Wayne Leach. 2004. “Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is! Explaining Collective Action Tendencies Through Group-Based Anger and Group Efficacy.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (5): 649. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasilopoulou, Sofia, and Markus Wagner. 2017. “Fear, Anger and Enthusiasm About the European Union: Effects of Emotional Reactions on Public Preferences Towards European Integration.” European Union Politics 18 (3): 382–405. doi:10.1177/1465116517698048.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogler, Jan P. 2019. “Imperial Rule, the Imposition of Bureaucratic Institutions, and Their Long-Term Legacies.” World Politics 71 (4): 806–863. doi:10.1017/S004388711900008X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walgrave, Stefaan, and Joris Verhulst. 2006. “Towards ‘New Emotional Movements’? A Comparative Exploration Into a Specific Movement Type.” Social Movement Studies 5 (3): 275–304. doi:10.1080/14742830600991651.
   Google Scholar
• Winiarczyk-Kossakowska, Ma\lgorzata. 2021. “Rainbows and Thunderbolts: A Non-Obvious Alliance Between the LGBTQIAP Movement and Women’s Movement in Poland in 2016–2020.” Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne 71: 44–60. doi:10.15804/athena.2021.71.03.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, Andrew Grant. 2001. Revolution in the Street: Women, Workers, and Urban Protest in Veracruz, 1870-1927. Wilmington, DE: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Young, Lauren E. 2019. “The Psychology of State Repression: Fear and Dissent Decisions in Zimbabwe.” American Political Science Review 113 (1): 140–155. doi:10.1017/S000305541800076X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar