Advancing wastewater treatment with Azolla filiculoides waste: a comprehensive review of adsorption applications

References

• Amare E, Kebede F, Mulat W. Wastewater treatment by Lemna minor and Azolla filiculoides in tropical semi-arid regions of Ethiopia. Ecol Eng. 2018;120:464–473. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi E, Biancalani A, Berardi C, et al. Improving the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants: bio-removal of heavy-metals and pharmaceuticals by Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minuta. Sci Total Environ. 2020;746:141219. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen SE. Applications in ecological engineering. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Taha GM, Rashed MN, El-Sadek MS, et al. Effect of preheating temperature on synthesis of pure BiFeO3 via sol–gel method. Nanopages. 2019:1–11. doi:10.1556/566.2017.0010
   Google Scholar
• Khodari M, Hassan NZ, Mohamed AE, et al. Electrocatalytic determination of the antibiotic levofloxacin using modified carbon paste electrode with a poly-murexide thin film voltammetrically. Electroanalysis. 2023;35(7).e202200431. doi:10.1002/elan.202200431
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashed MN, Gad AAE, Fathy NM. Adsorption of Cd (II) and Pb (II) using physically pretreated camel bone biochar. Adv J Chem Sect A. 2019;2:247–364. doi:10.33945/SAMI/AJCA.2019.4.8
   Google Scholar
• Rashed MN, Arifien AE, El-Dowy FA. Preparation and characterization of nanomuscovite by intercalation method for adsorption of heavy metals from polluted water. Environ Geochem Health. 2023;45:5127–5144. doi:10.1007/s10653-023-01545-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastie BA. The use of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment: a literature review, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Birame CS. Development of a low-cost alternative for metal removal from textile wastewater. PhD. Degree. The Academic Board of Wageningen University and The Academic Board of the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, the Netherlands: CRC Press/Balkema; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Smith MD, Moelyowati I. Duckweed based wastewater treatment (DWWT): design guidelines for hot climates. Water Sci Technol. 2001;43(11):291–299. doi:10.2166/wst.2001.0694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekomo CB, Rousseau DPL, Saleh SA, et al. Heavy metal removal in duckweed and algae ponds as a polishing step for textile wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng. 2012;44:102–110. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu J, Li Z. A review on ecological engineering based engineering management. Omega. 2012;40:368–378. doi:10.1016/j.omega.2011.06.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sooknah RD, Wilkie AC. Nutrient removal by floating aquatic macrophytes cultured in anaerobically digested flushed dairy manure wastewater. Ecol Eng. 2004;22:27–42. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffner U, Hill M, Dudley T, et al. Post-release monitoring in classical biological control of weeds: assessing impact and testing pre-release hypotheses. Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2020;38:99–106. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2020.02.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umali LJ, Duncan JR, Burgess JE. Performance of dead Azolla filiculoides biomass in biosorption of Au from wastewater. Biotechnol Lett. 2006;28:45–50. doi:10.1007/s10529-005-9686-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taghi Ganji M, Khosravi M, Rakhshaee R. Biosorption of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn from the wastewater by treated Azolla filiculoides with H2O2/MgCl2. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2005;1:265–271. doi:10.1007/bf03325841
   Google Scholar
• Peters GA, Meeks JC. The Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis: basic biology. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1989;40:193–210. doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.001205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antunes APM, Watkins GM, Duncan JR. Batch studies on the removal of gold(III) from aqueous solution by Azolla filiculoides. Biotechnol Lett. 2001;23:249–251. doi:10.1023/A:1005633608727
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer L, Noblet J. Water contamination and pollution. In: Török Béla, Dransfield Timothy, editors. Green chemistry. An inclusive approach. Elsevier; 2018. p. 261–290. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809270-5.00011-X
   Google Scholar
• Dixit R, Wasiullah X, Malaviya D, et al. Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: an overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes. Sustainability. 2015;7:2189–2212. doi:10.3390/su7022189
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seneviratne M, Gunaratne S, Bandara T, et al. Plant growth promotion by Bradyrhizobium japonicum under heavy metal stress. South African J Bot. 2016;105:19–24. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2016.02.206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvi A, Rajasekar A, Theerthagiri J, et al. Integrated remediation processes toward heavy metal removal/recovery from various environments-a review. Front Environ Sci. 2019;7:66. doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda AF, Kumar NR, Spangenberg G, et al. Aquatic plants, landoltia punctata, and Azolla filiculoides as bio-converters of wastewater to biofuel. Plants. 2020;9:437. doi:10.3390/plants9040437
   Google Scholar
• Scherer MD, Sposito JCV, Falco WF, et al. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on meristematic cells of Allium cepa roots: a close analysis of particle size dependence. Sci Total Environ. 2019;660:459–467. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benettayeb A, Morsli A, Guibal E, et al. New derivatives of urea-grafted alginate for improving the sorption of mercury ions in aqueous solutions. Mater Res Express. 2021;8:035303. doi:10.1088/2053-1591/abeabc
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benettayeb A, Ghosh S, Usman M, et al. Some well-known alginate and chitosan modifications used in adsorption: a review. Water J. 2022;14:1353–1326. doi:10.3390/w14091353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benettayeb A, Guibal E, Morsli A, et al. Chemical modification of alginate for enhanced sorption of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II). Chem Eng J. 2017;316:704–714. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.131
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Al-Musawi TJ, Mohammed IA, et al. The eradication of reactive black 5 dye liquid wastes using Azolla filiculoides aquatic fern as a good and an economical biosorption agent. SN Appl Sci. 2020;2:1015. doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2841-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bind A, Kushwaha A, Devi G, et al. Biosorption valorization of floating and submerged macrophytes for heavy-metal removal in a multi-component system. Appl Water Sci. 2019;9:95. doi:10.1007/s13201-019-0976-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benettayeb A, Usman M, Tinashe CC, et al. A critical review with emphasis on recent pieces of evidence of Moringa oleifera biosorption in water and wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022;29:48185–48209. doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19938-w
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benettayeb A, Haddou B. New biosorbents based on the seeds, leaves and husks powder of Moringa oleifera for the effective removal of various toxic pollutants. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2023;103:6859–6884. doi:10.1080/03067319.2021.1963714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Musawi TJ, Mengelizadeh N, Taghavi M, et al. Activated carbon derived from Azolla filiculoides fern: a high-adsorption-capacity adsorbent for residual ampicillin in pharmaceutical wastewater. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. 2023;13:12179–12191. doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01962-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Mahvi AH, Shahbaksh S, et al. Adsorptive removal of azithromycin antibiotic from aqueous solution by Azolla filiculoides-based activated porous carbon. Nanomaterials. 2021;11:3281. doi:10.3390/nano11123281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahdavinia GMA, Baghban A, Zorofi S. Kappa-carrageenan biopolymer-based nanocomposite hydrogel and adsorption of methylene blue cationic dye from water. J Mater Environ Sci. 2014;5:330–337.
   Google Scholar
• Singh I, Birajdar B. Effective La-Na Co-doped TiO2 nano-particles for dye adsorption: synthesis, characterization and study on adsorption kinetics. Nanomaterials. 2019;9:400. doi:10.3390/nano9030400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muradov N, Taha M, Miranda AF, et al. Dual application of duckweed and Azolla plants for wastewater treatment and renewable fuels and petrochemicals production. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2014;7:30. doi:10.1186/1754-6834-7-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa ML, Santos MCR, Carrapiço F, et al. Azolla-Anabaena’s behaviour in urban wastewater and artificial media – influence of combined nitrogen. Water Res. 2009;43(15):3743–3750. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.05.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa ML, Santos MC, Carrapiço F. Biomass characterization of Azolla filiculoides grown in natural ecosystems and wastewater. Hydrobiologia. 1999;415:323–327. doi:10.1023/A:1003824426183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrapiço F. Azolla as a superorganism. Its implication in symbiotic studies. In: Seckbach J, Grube M, editors. Symbioses and stress. Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology. Dordrecht: Springer; 2010. p. 225–241. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9449-0_11.
   Google Scholar
• Miranda AF, Biswas B, Ramkumar N, et al. Aquatic plant Azolla as the universal feedstock for biofuel production. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2016;9: 221.doi:10.1186/s13068-016-0628-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golzary A, Tavakoli O, Rezaei Y, et al. Wastewater treatment by Azolla filiculoides (a study on color, odor, COD, nitrate, and phosphate removal). Pollution. 2018;4:69–76.
   Google Scholar
• Arshadi M, Abdolmaleki MK, Mousavinia F, et al. Nano modification of NZVI with an aquatic plant Azolla filiculoides to remove Pb(II) and Hg(II) from water: aging time and mechanism study. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2017;486:296–308. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouwer P, van der Werf A, Schluepmann H, et al. Lipid yield and composition of Azolla filiculoides and the implications for biodiesel production. Bioenergy Res. 2016;9:369–377. doi:10.1007/s12155-015-9665-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nham Tran TL, Miranda AF, Abeynayake SW, et al. Differential production of phenolics, lipids, carbohydrates and proteins in stressed and unstressed aquatic plants, Azolla filiculoides and Azolla pinnata. Biology. 2020;9:342. doi:10.3390/biology9100342
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sadeghi R, Zarkami R, Sabetraftar K, et al. A review of some ecological factors affecting the growth of Azolla spp. CJES Casp J Environ Sci Casp J Env Sci. 2013;11(1):65–76.
   Google Scholar
• Kanamarlapudi SLRK, Chintalpudi VK, Muddada S. Application of biosorption for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Biosorption. 2018;18:70–116. doi:10.5772/intechopen.77315
   Google Scholar
• Suganthi Rani P, Lakshmi Priya R, Velan M. Sorption behavior of freshwater aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides on redwine dye. Desalin Water Treat. 2013;51:6115–6129. doi:10.1080/19443994.2013.769665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adewuyi A. Chemically modified biosorbents and their role in the removal of emerging pharmaceutical waste in the water system. Water. 2020;12:1551. doi:10.3390/w12061551
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackay KT. Rice-fish culture in China. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Janes R. Growth and survival of Azolla filiculoides in Britain: I. Vegetative reproduction. New Phytol. 1998;138:367–375. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00114.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmady-Asbchin S, Omran AN. Potential of Azolla filiculoides in the removal of Ni and Cu from wastewaters. African J Biotechnol. 2012;11:16158–16164. doi:10.5897/AJB12.2165
   Google Scholar
• Kooh MRR, Lim LBL, Lim LH, et al. Separation of toxic rhodamine B from aqueous solution using an efficient low-cost material, Azolla pinnata, by adsorption method. Environ Monit Assess. 2016;188(2).108. doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5108-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song U, Park H, Lee EJ. Ecological responses and remediation ability of water fern (Azolla japonica) to water pollution. J Plant Biol. 2012;55:381–389. doi:10.1007/s12374-012-0010-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Viveros G, Ruvalcaba-Sil JL, Ferrera-Cerrato R, et al. Changes in elemental content in fronds of Azolla filiculoides due to arsenic accumulation. Plant Biosyst. 2016;150:1332–1340. doi:10.1080/11263504.2015.1057257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan C, Hu N, Ding D, et al. An experimental study on the synergistic effects between Azolla and Anabaena in removal of uranium from solutions by Azolla–Anabaena symbiotic system. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2016;307:385–394. doi:10.1007/s10967-015-4161-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd Kadir A, Abdullah SRS, Othman BA, et al. Dual function of Lemna minor and Azolla pinnata as phytoremediator for palm oil mill effluent and as feedstock. Chemosphere. 2020;259:127468. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh S, Kumar V, Datta S, et al. Current advancement and future prospect of biosorbents for bioremediation. Sci Total Environ. 2020;709:135895. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manorama Thampatti K, Beena V, Meera A. Phytoremediation of metals by aquatic macrophytes. In: Shmaefsky B, editor. Phytoremediation. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 153–204.
   Google Scholar
• Anastopoulos I, Kyzas GZ. Progress in batch biosorption of heavy metals onto algae. J Mol Liq. 2015;209:77–86. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2015.05.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdelghaffar F. The performance of yeast, fungi, and algae biomass in dye elimination. In: Muthu SS, Khadir A, editors. Advanced removal techniques for dye-containing wastewaters. Sustainable textiles: production, processing, manufacturing & chemistry. Singapore: Springer; 2021. p. 217–236. doi:10.1007/978-981-16-3164-1_8
   Google Scholar
• Kumar Gupta S, Chandra R, Shinde KP. Study of chemical composition and mineral content of sun dried Azolla pinnata. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7:1214–1216. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334442536_Study_of_chemical_composition_and_mineral_content_of_sun_dried_Azolla_pinnata
   Google Scholar
• Authority AE, Kumar Gupta S, Chandra R, et al. Valorisation de Azolla spp, Moringa oleifera, son de riz, et de co-produits de volaille et de poisson en alimentation animale: synthèse bibliographique. J Appl Biosci. 2014;80:301–316. doi:10.4314/jab.v81i1.4
   Google Scholar
• Yadav RK, Abraham G, Singh YV, et al. Advancements in the utilization of Azolla-Anabaena system in relation to sustainable agricultural practices. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad. 2014;80:301–316. doi:10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i2/55108
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Baniasadi M, Lee SM, et al. Ciprofloxacin adsorption onto Azolla filiculoides activated carbon from aqueous solutions. Desalin Water Treat. 2021;218:444–453. doi:10.5004/dwt.2021.26986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundararaman S, Kumar PS, Deivasigamani P, et al. Assessing the plant phytoremediation efficacy for Azolla filiculoides in the treatment of textile effluent and redemption of Congo red dye onto Azolla biomass. Sustainability. 2021;13:9588. doi:10.3390/su13179588
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zazouli MA, Balarak D. Application of Azolla for 2-chlorophenol and 4-chrorophenol removal from aqueous solutions, Iran. J Heal Sci. 2013;1:43–55.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd-Jones PJ, Rangel-Mendez JR, Streat M. Sorption of cadmium using a natural biosorbent and activated carbon. Hazards Xvi Anal Past, Plan Futur. 2001;148:847–866.
   Google Scholar
• Mashkani SG, Ghazvini PTM. Biotechnological potential of Azolla filiculoides for biosorption of Cs and Sr: application of micro-PIXE for measurement of biosorption. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:1915–1921. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khodadad Hosseini E, Derakhshi P, Rabbani M, et al. Pollutant removal from dairy wastewater using live Azolla filiculoides in batch and continuous bioreactors. Water Environ Res. 2021;93:2122–2134. doi:10.1002/wer.1586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igwegbe CA, Onukwuli OD, Onyechi KK. Equilibrium and kinetics analysis on vat yellow 4 uptake from aqueous environment by modified rubber seed shells: nonlinear modelling. J Mater Env Sci. 2020;11:1424–1444.
   Google Scholar
• Mesbah M, Hamedshahraki S, Ahmadi S, et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of LaFeO3 nanoparticles adsorbent: characterization and application of error functions for adsorption of fluoride. MethodsX. 2020;7:100786. doi:10.1016/j.mex.2020.100786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamza MF, Wei Y, Benettayeb A, et al. Efficient removal of uranium, cadmium and mercury from aqueous solutions using grafted hydrazide-micro-magnetite chitosan derivative. J Mater Sci. 2019;55:4193–4212. doi:10.1007/s10853-019-04235-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igwegbe CA, Rahdar S, Rahdar A, et al. Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by nickel oxide nanoparticles: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Fluoride. 2019;52:599–579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmady-Asbchin S, Safari M, Varposhti M. Biosorption optimization of Cr(VI) using response surface methodology and thermodynamics modeling onto Azolla filiculoides. Sep Sci Technol. 2015;50:554–563. doi:10.1080/01496395.2014.957313
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakhshaee R, Khosravi M, Ganji MT. Kinetic modeling and thermodynamic study to remove Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution using dead and living Azolla filiculoides. J Hazard Mater. 2006;134:120–129. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.10.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alatabe MJA, Al-Sharify ZT. Utilization of low cost adsorbents for the adsorption process of lead ions. Int J Mod Res Eng Technol. 2019;4:29–48.
   Google Scholar
• Faisal ML, Al-Najjar SZ, Al-Sharify ZT. Modified orange peel as sorbent in removing of heavy metals from aqueous solution. J Green Eng. 2020;10:10600–10615.
   Google Scholar
• Fakhri A, Rashidi S, Asif M, et al. Dynamic adsorption behavior and mechanism of Cefotaxime, Cefradine and Cefazolin antibiotics on CdS-MWCNT nanocomposites. J Mol Liq. 2016;215:269–275. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Igwegbe CA, Ighalo JO, Ghosh S, et al. Pistachio (Pistacia vera) waste as adsorbent for wastewater treatment: a review. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. 2021;13:8793–8811. doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01739-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Liu W, Zhang J, et al. Removal of cephalexin from aqueous solutions by original and Cu(II)/Fe(III) impregnated activated carbons developed from lotus stalks Kinetics and equilibrium studies. J Hazard Mater. 2011;185:1528–1535. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazrafshan E, Sobhanikia M, Mostafapour FK, et al. Chromium biosorption from aqueous environments by mucilaginous seeds of Cydonia oblonga: kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Glob Nest J. 2017;19:269–277. doi:10.30955/gnj.001708
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson JW, Petrasky LJ, Seymour MD, et al. Adsorption and breakdown of penicillin antibiotic in the presence of titanium oxide nanoparticles in water. Chemosphere. 2012;87:911–917. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almhana NM, Ali SAK, Al-Najjar SZ, et al. Assessment of cobalt ions removal in synthetic wastewater using broad bean peels. J Green Eng. 2020;10:10157–10173.
   Google Scholar
• Yu F, Li Y, Han S, et al. Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from aqueous solution using carbon materials. Chemosphere. 2016;153:365–385. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rout DR, Jena HM, Baigenzhenov O, et al. Graphene-based materials for effective adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants: a critical and comprehensive review. Sci Total Environ. 2023;863:160871. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima EC, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Moreno-Piraján JC, et al. A critical review of the estimation of the thermodynamic parameters on adsorption equilibria. Wrong use of equilibrium constant in the Van’t Hoof equation for calculation of thermodynamic parameters of adsorption. J Mol Liq. 2019;273:425–434. doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmani-Sani A, Singh P, Raizada P, et al. Use of chicken feather and eggshell to synthesize a novel magnetized activated carbon for sorption of heavy metal ions. Bioresour Technol. 2020;297:122452. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadzadeh A, Kadhim MM, Taban TZ, et al. Adsorption performance of Enterobacter cloacae towards U(VI) ion and application of Enterobacter cloacae/carbon nanotubes to preconcentration and determination of low-levels of U(VI) in water samples. Chemosphere. 2023;311:136804. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zazouli MA, Belalak D, Mahdavi Y, et al. Application of Azolla filiculoides biomass for acid blue 15 dye (AB15) removal from aqueous solutions. J Basic Res Med Sci. 2014;1:29–37.
   Google Scholar
• Zazulli MA, Blark D. The ability of Azolla and Lemna minor biomass to adsorpe p-cresol from aqueous solutions: isotherms and kinetics. J Health Field. 2017;2(1).
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Mostafapour F. Batch equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study of sulfamethoxazole antibiotics onto Azolla filiculoides as a novel biosorbent. Br J Pharm Res. 2016;13:1–14. doi:10.9734/bjpr/2016/28521
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Mostafapour F, Akbari H, et al. Adsorption of amoxicillin antibiotic from pharmaceutical wastewater by activated carbon prepared from Azolla filiculoides. J Pharm Res Int. 2017;18:1–13. doi:10.9734/jpri/2017/35607
   Google Scholar
• Ahmady-Asbchin S, Mohammadi M, Bahrami A, et al. Batch studies on the removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution by Azolla filiculoides. African J Biotechnol. 2011;10:7427.
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Joghataei A, Azarpira H, et al. Isotherms and thermodynamics of CD (II) ion removal by adsorption onto Azolla filiculoides. Int J Pharm Technol. 2016;8:15780–15788.
   Google Scholar
• Zazouli M-A, Balarak D, Mahdavi Y. Effect of Azolla filiculoides on removal of reactive red 198 in aqueous solution. J Adv Environ Health Res. 2013;1:44–50.
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Bazrafshan E, Mostafapour F. Equilibrium, kinetic studies on the adsorption of acid green 3 (Ag3) dye onto Azolla filiculoides as adosorbent. Am Chem Sci J. 2016;11:1–10. doi:10.9734/acsj/2016/22048
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Joghataei A, Azadi N, et al. Biosorption of acid blue 225 from aqueous solution by Azolla filiculoides: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Am Chem Sci J. 2016;12:1–9. doi:10.9734/acsj/2016/22821
   Google Scholar
• John Babu D, Sumalatha B, Venkateswarulu TC, et al. Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of biosorption of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using Azolla filiculoides. J Pure Appl Microbiol. 2014;8:3107–3116.
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D MY. Experimental and kinetic studies on acid red 88 dye (AR88) adsorption by Azolla filiculoides. Biochem Physiol. 2016;5:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Zazouli MA, Mahvi AH, Dobaradaran S, et al. Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by modified Azolla filiculoides. Fluoride. 2014;47:349–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sela M, Fritz E, Huttermann A, et al. Studies on cadmium localization in the water fern Azolla. Physiol Plant. 1990;79:547–553. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb02116.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diyanati Tilaki RA, Yousefi Z, Yazdani Charati J, et al. Comparison of modified canola and azolla efficiencies in phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions: an adsorption isotherm and kinetics study. Heal Dev J. 2014;3:231–244.
   Google Scholar
• Zazouli MA, Balarak D, Mahdavi Y. Application of Azolla for 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (TCP) removal from aqueous solutions. Arch Hyg Sci. 2013;2:143–149.
   Google Scholar
• Khoshraftar Z, Shamel A. Adsorption of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions using roots of Azolla filiculoides. J Phys Theor Chem IAU Iran. 2016;13:237–252.
   Google Scholar
• Zazouli MA, Balarak D. The survey on adsorption of bisphenol A by modified Azolla from Aqueous solutions: adsorption isotherm and kinetics study. J Health. 2016;7:71–86.
   Google Scholar
• Balarak D, Azarpira H, Mostafapour FK. Study of the adsorption mechanisms of cephalexin on to Azolla filiculoides. Der Pharma Chem. 2016;8:114–121.
   Google Scholar
• Li H, Liu Y, Yang Y, et al. Influences of hydrogen bonding dynamics on adsorption of ethyl mercaptan onto functionalized activated carbons: a DFT/TDDFT study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem. 2014;291:9–15. doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.06.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ighalo JO, Rangabhashiyam S, Dulta K, et al. Recent advances in hydrochar application for the adsorptive removal of wastewater pollutants. Chem Eng Res Des. 2022;184:419–456. doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2022.06.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagat M, Burgess JE, Antunes APM, et al. Precipitation of mixed metal residues from wastewater utilising biogenic sulphide. Miner Eng. 2004;17:925–932. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.02.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sharify ZT, Faisal LMA, Al-Sharif TA, et al. Removal of analgesic paracetamol from wastewater using dried olive stone. Int J Mech Eng Technol. 2018;9:293–299.
   Google Scholar
• Razak ZA, Rushdi S, Gadhban MY, et al. Possibility of utilizing the lemon peels in removing of red reactive (RR) dye from simulated aqueous solution. J Green Eng. 2020;10:7343–7359.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Qaisi MQ, Lahieb Faisal MA, Al-Sharify ZT, et al. Possibility of utilizing from lemon peel as a sorbent in removing of contaminant such as copper ions from simulated aqueous solution. Int J Civ Eng Technol. 2018;9:571–579.
   Google Scholar
• Hall KR, Eagleton LC, Acrivos A, et al. Pore- and solid-diffusion kinetics in fixed-bed adsorption under constant-pattern conditions. Ind Eng Chem Fundam. 1966;5:212–223. doi:10.1021/i160018a011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gholizadeh AM, Zarei M, Ebratkhahan M, et al. Removal of phenazopyridine from wastewater by merging biological and electrochemical methods via Azolla filiculoides and electro-Fenton process. J Environ Manage. 2020;254:109802. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vafaei F, Khataee AR, Movafeghi A, et al. Bioremoval of an azo dye by Azolla filiculoides: study of growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes status. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad. 2012;75:194–200. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar