Beyond exception: the Irish border and the limits of cosmopolitan nationalism

REFERENCES

• Achiume, E.T. (2019). Migration as decolonization. Stanford Law Review, 71(6), 1509–1574. https://www.stanfordlawreview.org/print/article/migration-as-decolonization/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agamben, G. (1998). Homo sacer. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Agnew, J. (2020). Taking back control? The myth of territorial sovereignty and the Brexit fiasco. Territory, Politics, Governance, 8(2), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2019.1687327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akenson, D. H. (1988). Small differences. Irish Catholics and Irish protestants, 1815–1922. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined communities. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. (2012). Borders in the new imperialism. In T. M. Wilson & H. Donnan (Eds.), A companion to border studies (pp. 139–157). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J., & O’Dowd, L. (2007). Imperialism and nationalism: The Home Rule Struggle and border creation in Ireland, 1885–1925. Political Geography, 26(8), 934–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.10.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appadurai, A. (2006). Fear of small numbers. Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ashcroft, M. (2016, June 24). How the United Kingdom voted on Thursday  …  and why. Lord Ashcroft Polls website. Retrieved August 23, 2022, from https://lordashcroftpolls.com/2016/06/how-the-united-kingdom-voted-and-why/
   Google Scholar
• Balch, A., & Balabanova, E. (2016). Ethics, politics and migration: Public debates on the free movement of Bulgarians and Romanians in the UK, 2006–2013. Politics, 36(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.12082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, U. (2006). Cosmopolitan vision. Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beckfield, J. (2019). Unequal Europe. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bhambra, G. K. (2016). Whither Europe? Postcolonial versus neocolonial cosmopolitanism. Interventions, 18(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2015.1106964
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhambra, G. K. (2017a). The current crisis of Europe: Refugees, colonialism, and the limits of cosmopolitanism. European Law Journal, 23(5), 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhambra, G. K. (2017b). Brexit, Trump, and ‘methodological whiteness’: On the misrecognition of race and class. British Journal of Sociology, 68(S1), S214–S232. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhambra, G. K., & Narayan, J. (2016). Introduction. In G. K. Bhambra & J. Narayan (Eds.), European cosmopolitanism (pp. 1–13). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan, J. (2017, February 3). Getting to the core of Europe’s case against Apple and Ireland. Irish Times.
   Google Scholar
• Brubakers, R. (1999). The Manichean myth: Rethinking the distinction between ‘ethnic’ and civic’ nationalism. In K. Hanspeter, K. Armingeon, H. Siegrist, & A. Wimmer (Eds.), Nation and national identity (pp. 55–71). Purdue University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce, S. (1999). Unionists and the border. In M. Anderson & E. Bort (Eds.), The Irish border (pp. 127–138). Liverpool University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Butterly, L. (2019a, December 19). Ireland’s invisible frontier. New Internationalist.
   Google Scholar
• Butterly, L. (2019b, January 7). Northern Ireland’s hidden borders. Verso Blog website. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4194-northern-ireland-s-hidden-borders
   Google Scholar
• Calhoun, C. (2002). The class consciousness of frequent travelers: Towards a critique of actually existing neoliberalism. South Atlantic Quarterly, 101(4), 869–897. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-101-4-869
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun, C. (2008). Cosmopolitanism and nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 14(3), 427–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2008.00359.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Césaire, A. (2000 [1950]). Discourse on colonialism. Monthly Review Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cochrane, F. (2020). Breaking peace. Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coulter, C., Arqueros-Fernández, F., & Nagle, A. (2020). Austerity’s model pupil: The ideological uses of Ireland during the Eurozone crisis. Critical Sociology, 45(4–5), 697–711. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920517718038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulter, C., Gilmartin, N., Hayward, K., & Shirlow, P. (2021). Northern Ireland a generation after Good Friday. Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crouch, C. (2017). Neoliberalism, nationalism and the decline of political traditions. The Political Quarterly, 88(2), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, N., & Virdee, S. (2018). Introduction. In N. Davidson & S. Virdee (Eds.), No problem here: Understanding racism in Scotland (pp. 9–12). Luath Press.
   Google Scholar
• Della Porta, D., O’Connor, F., & Portos, M. (2020). The framing of secessionism in the neo-liberal crisis: The Scottish and Catalan cases. In C. Closa, C. Margiotta, & G. Martinico (Eds.), Between democracy and law (pp. 153–170). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• De Mars, S., Murray, C., O’Donoghue, A., & Warwick, B. (2018). Bordering two unions. Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch, K. W. (1953). Nationalism and social communication. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch, K. W., Burrell, S. A., Kann, R. A., Lee Jr., M., Lichterman, M., Lindgren, R. E., Loewenheim, F. L., & Van Wagenen, R. W. (1957). Political community and the North Atlantic Area. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dickson, B. (2018). Law in Northern Ireland. Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Eckersley, R. (2007). From cosmopolitan nationalism to cosmopolitan democracy. Review of International Studies, 33(4), 675–692. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210507007723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Enany, N. (2020). Bordering Britain. Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ferriter, D. (2019). The border. Profile Books.
   Google Scholar
• Fine, R., & Smith, W. (2003). Jürgen Habermas’s theory of cosmopolitanism. Constellations, 10(4), 469–487. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1351-0487.2003.00348.x
   Google Scholar
• Finlay, R., & Hopkins, P. (2020). Resistance and marginalization: Islamophobia and the political participation of young Muslims in Scotland. Social & Cultural Geography, 21(4), 546–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2019.1573436
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, D. (2015). Ireland, the left and the European Union. In C. Coulter & A. Nagle (Eds.), Ireland under austerity (pp. 241–259). Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• FitzGerald, G. (1972). Towards a new Ireland. Charles Knight & Co.
   Google Scholar
• FitzGerald, G. (2003). Reflections on the Irish State. Irish Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• FitzGerald, G. (2005, August 23). Ireland under two unions, 1805–2005 [Speech]. Merriman Summer School, Ennistymon, Co. Clare, Ireland. Cited in A. Quinlivan (2005, August 24). EU membership vindicated Irish independence, says FitzGerald. Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/eu-membership-vindicated-irish-independence-says-fitzgerald-1.483608
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan, C. (2018, January 31). Commencement matters, – garda deployment. Seanad Éireann Debate, 255(10). [Official report]. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/2018-01-31/3/#s7.
   Google Scholar
• Fligstein, N. (2008). Euroclash. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. [Tr. P. Rabinow] (1994). Ethics Vol. I. New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fozdar, F., & Low, M. (2015). ‘They have to abide by our laws  …  and stuff’: Ethnonationalism masquerading as civic nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 21(3), 524–543. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garavini, G. (2012). After empires. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Garner, S. (2007). The European Union and the racialization of immigration, 1985–2006. Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts, 1(1), 61–87. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25594976
   Google Scholar
• Garner, S. (2010). Racisms. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Geary, P. J. (2003). The myth of nations. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gellner, E. (1983). Nations and nationalism. Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Gildea, R. (2019). Empires of the mind. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan, C. (2018, November 7). Brexit, the Irish border and human freedom. With Sober Senses – Marxist Humanist Initiative website. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://www.marxisthumanistinitiative.org/international-news/brexit-the-irish-border-and-human-freedom.html
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan, C. (2019). Northern Ireland and the limits of the race relations framework. Capital & Class, 43(1), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309816818818090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilroy, P. (2004). After empire. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gleeson, C. (2014, November 6). Jean-Claude Trichet and the Irish bailout: A timeline. Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/jean-claude-trichet-and-the-irish-bailout-a-timeline-1.1990882
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. T. (2000). Racial knowledge. In L. Back & J. Solomos (Eds.), Theories of race and racism (pp. 154–180). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, D. T. (2002). The racial state. Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Goodhart, D. (2017). The road to somewhere. Hurst & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, I. N., Cunningham, N. A., Lloyd, C. D., Shuttleworth, I. G., & Ell, P. S. (2013). Troubled geographies: A spatial history of religion and society in Ireland. Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. (2001). The postnational constellation. Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hardt, M., & Negri, A. (1999). Empire. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayek, F. A. (1944). The road to serfdom. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayward, K. (2006). National territory in European space: Reconfiguring the island of Ireland. European Journal of Political Research, 45(6), 897–920. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00639.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, A., Jeffery, C., Wincott, D., & Wyn Jones, R. (2017). How Brexit was made in England. British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 19(4), 631–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148117730542
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks, G., & Morgan, A. (2001). The Franco-German axis in European integration. Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Holden, P. (2020). Territory, geoeconomics, and power politics: The Irish government’s framing of Brexit. Political Geography, 76, 102063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iammarino, S., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2019). Regional inequality in Europe: Evidence, theory and policy implications. Journal of Economic Geography, 19(2), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ignatieff, M. (1993). Blood and belonging. Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
   Google Scholar
• Isakjee, A., Davies, T., Obradović-Wochnik, J., & Augustová, K. (2020). Liberal violence and the racial borders of the European Union. Antipode, 52(6), 1751–1773. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12670
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juncker, J.-C. (2018, September 12). The hour of European sovereignty [Speech]. European Commission State of the Union Address 2018. European Parliament, Strasbourg, France. Retrieved September 20, 2022, from https://ec.europa.eu/info/priorities/state-union-speeches/state-union-2018_en
   Google Scholar
• Kaika, M. (2017). Between compassion and racism: How the biopolitics of neoliberal welfare turns citizens into affective ‘idiots’. European Planning Studies, 25(8), 1275–1291. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1320521
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufmann, E. (2017). ‘Racial self-interest’ Is not racism. Policy Exchange.
   Google Scholar
• Kearney, R. (1996). Postnationalist Ireland. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Keating, M. (1996). Nations against the state. Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Keating, M. (2004). European integration and the nationalities question. Politics & Society, 32(1), 367–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329204267295
   Google Scholar
• Keating, M. (2021). Beyond the nation-state: Territory, solidarity and welfare in a multiscalar Europe. Territory, Politics, Governance, 9(3), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2020.1742779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelton, S. (2020). The deficit myth. John Murray.
   Google Scholar
• Kiberd, D. (1996). Inventing Ireland: The literature of the modern nation. Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Kohn, H. (1944). The idea of nationalism: A study of its origins and background. Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Komarova, M., & Hayward, K. (2019). The Irish border as a European Union frontier: The implications for managing mobility and conflict. Geopolitics, 24(3), 541–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2018.1496910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kundnani, A. (2012). Multiculturalism and its discontents: Left, right and liberal. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 15(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549411432027
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laffan, B. (2003). Ireland: Modernisation via Europeanisation. In W. Wessels, A. Maurer, & J. Mittag (Eds.), Fifteen into One? The European Union and its member states (pp. 248–270). Manchester University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laffan, B., & Tonra, B. (2010). Europe and the international dimension. In J. Coakley & M. Gallagher (Eds.), Politics in the republic of Ireland (pp. 407–433). Routledge & PSAI.
   Google Scholar
• Lally, C. (2006, September 11). Operation Gull swoops on welfare fraudsters. Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/news/operation-gull-swoops-on-welfare-fraudsters-1.1001015
   Google Scholar
• Larin, S. J. (2020). Is it really about values? Civic nationalism and migrant integration. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1591943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latif, N., & Martynowicz, A. (2009). Our hidden borders. Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Law, A. (2018). The trouble with sectarianism. In N. Davidson & S. Virdee (Eds.), No problem here: Understanding racism in Scotland (pp. 90–112). Luath Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leary, P. (2016). Unapproved roads. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, J. J. (1989). Ireland 1912–1985: Politics & society. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leick, B., & Lang, T. (2018). Re-thinking non-core regions: Planning strategies and practices beyond growth. European Planning Studies, 26(2), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1363398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lijphart, A. (1977). Democracy in plural societies. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Luibhéid, E. (2013). Pregnant on arrival. University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, F. S. L. (1979). Culture and anarchy in Ireland. Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Macey, D. (2019). The lives of Michel Foucault. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, G., & Jones, M. (2018). Explaining ‘Brexit capital’: Uneven development and the austerity state. Space and Polity, 22(2), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2018.1535272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mau, S. (2015). Inequality, marketization and the majority class. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• McCall, C. (2021). Border Ireland. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McGarry, J., & O’Leary, B. (2006). Consociational theory, Northern Ireland’s conflict and its agreement 2. What critics of consociation can learn from Northern Ireland. Government & Opposition, 41(2), 249–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00178.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migrant Rights Centre Ireland (MRCI). (2011). Singled out. MRCI.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, D. (2009). Cooking the fudge: Constructive ambiguity and the implementation of the Northern Ireland agreement, 1998–2007. Irish Political Studies, 24(3), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/07907180903075751
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnár, V. (2016). Civil society, radicalism and the rediscovery of mythic nationalism. Nations & Nationalism, 22(1), 165–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, C. (2020, April 6). EU citizenship rights in Northern Ireland. UK in a changing Europe website. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://ukandeu.ac.uk/eu-citizenship-rights-in-northern-ireland/
   Google Scholar
• Mycock, A. (2012). SNP, identity and citizenship: Re-imagining state and nation. National Identities, 14(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2012.657078
   Google Scholar
• Nairn, T. (1997). Faces of nationalism. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Nixon, R. (2011). Slow violence and the environmentalism of the poor. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Halloran, C. (1987). Partition and the limits of Irish nationalism. Gill & Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• O’Leary, B. (2018). The twilight of the United Kingdom & tiochfaidh ár lá: Twenty years after the Good Friday Agreement. Ethnopolitics, 17(3), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1473114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole, F. (2016, June 19). Brexit is being driven by English nationalism. And it will end in self-rule. Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/18/england-eu-referendum-brexit
   Google Scholar
• O’Toole, F. (2018a). Heroic failure. Head of Zeus.
   Google Scholar
• O’Toole, F. (2018b, May 26). A united Ireland isn’t what it used to be. Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/fintan-o-toole-a-united-ireland-isn-t-what-it-used-to-be-1.3507019
   Google Scholar
• Patterson, H. (2007). In the land of King Canute: The influence of border unionism on Ulster unionist politics, 1945–63. Contemporary British History, 20(4), 511–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619460600612487
   Google Scholar
• Peck, T. (2017, September 3). EU chief negotiator Michel Barnier says he will ‘teach the UK what leaving the single market means. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/michel-barnier-david-davis-brexit-educational-teach-uk-leaving-single-market-negotiations-a7927336.html
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, M. (2020). Micro aggressions and connections in the context of national multiculturalism: Everyday geographies of racialisation and resistance in contemporary Scotland. Antipode, 52(5), 1393–1412. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12643
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rankin, K. (2008). Deducing rationales and political tactics in the partitioning of Ireland, 1912–1925. Political Geography, 26(8), 909–933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2007.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rea, A. (2021, January 29). The EU has surrendered the moral high ground over the Irish border. New Statesman. https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/the-staggers/2021/01/eu-has-surrendered-moral-high-ground-over-irish-border
   Google Scholar
• Recchi, E., Favell, A., Apaydin, F., Barbulescu, R., Braun, M., Ciornei, I., Cunningham, N., Díez Medrano, J., Duru, D. N., Hanquinet, L., Pötzschke, S., Reimer, D., Salamońska, J., Savage, M., Solgaard Jensen, J., & Varela, A. A. (2019). Everyday Europe: Social transnationalism in an unsettled continent. Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rex, J., & Moore, R. (1967). Race, community and conflict. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Roche, W. K., O’Connell, P. J., & Prothero, A. (Eds.). (2016). Austerity and recovery in Ireland: Europe’s poster child and the Great Recession. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rogaly, B. (2019). Brexit writings and the war of position over migration, ‘race’ and class’. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 37(1), 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X18811923f
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salter, M. (2011). Places everyone! Studying the performativity of the border. In C. Johnson, R. Jones, A. Paasi, L. Amoore, A. Mountz, M. Salter, & C. Rumsford (Eds.), Interventions on rethinking ‘the border’ in border studies. Political Geography, 30(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2011.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Saoudi, L. (2021). The mid-Ulster male. In J. C. Patterson (Ed.), The new frontier (pp. 56-67). New Island.
   Google Scholar
• Savage, M., Wright, D., & Gayo-Cal, M. (2010). Cosmopolitan nationalism and the cultural reach of the white British. Nations and Nationalism, 16(4), 598–615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8129.2010.00449.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt, C. (1922 [2005]). Political theology. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. W. (2012). European politics of borders, border symbolism and cross-border cooperation. In T. M. Wilson & H. Donnan (Eds.), A companion to border studies (pp. 83–99). Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, A. (2016, June 8). Here are the 10 most profitable companies. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2016/06/08/fortune-500-most-profitable-companies-2016/
   Google Scholar
• Shilliam, R. (2018). Race and the undeserving poor. Agenda.
   Google Scholar
• Stephens, A. C. (2013). The persistence of nationalism. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stevis-Gridneff, M. (2022, October 17). Crude comments from Europe's top diplomat point to bigger problems. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/17/world/europe/eu-ukraine-josep-borrell-fontelles.html.
   Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, J. (2016). The Euro and its threat to the future of Europe. Allen Lane.
   Google Scholar
• Sutton, M. (2022, September 20). An index of deaths from the conflict in Ireland. Conflict Archive on the INternet (CAIN) website. https://cain.ulster.ac.uk/sutton/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. (2019). The perverse lure of autocratic postdemocracy. South Atlantic Quarterly, 118(2), 267–286. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7381134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. (2021). From disruption to transformation: Politicisation at a distance from the state. Antipode, 53(2), 486–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamir, Y. (. (2019). Not so civic: Is there a difference between ethnic and civic nationalism? Annual Review of Political Science, 22(1), 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-022018-024059
   Google Scholar
• Tannam, E. (2018). Intergovernmental and cross-border civil service cooperation: The Good Friday Agreement and Brexit. Ethnopolitics, 17(3), 243–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1472422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, R. (2006). The Belfast Agreement and the politics of consociationalism: A critique. The Political Quarterly, 77(2), 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2006.00764.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolia-Kelly, D. (2020). Affective nationalisms and race. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 38(4), 589–591. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654420912445e
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truss, L. (2022, May 17). Northern Ireland Protocol: Foreign Secretary’s statement. [Oral Statement to Parliament]. British Government website. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/northern-ireland-protocol-foreign-secretarys-statement-17-may-2022
   Google Scholar
• Valluvan, S., & Kalra, V. S. (2019). Racial nationalisms: Brexit, borders and little Englander contradictions. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(14), 2393–2412. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1640890
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varoufakis, Y. (2016). And the weak suffer what they must? Bodley Head.
   Google Scholar
• Virdee, S., & McGeever, B. (2018). Racism, crisis, Brexit. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(10), 1802–1819. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1361544
   Google Scholar
• Wells, A. (2018, April 27). Where the public stands on immigration. YouGov Politics website. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/04/27/where-public-stands-immigration?sectors,political=
   Google Scholar
• Whyte, J. H. (1990). Interpreting Northern Ireland. Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, R. (2009). From consociationalism to interculturalism. In R. Taylor (Ed.), Consociational theory: McGarry and O’Leary and the Northern Ireland conflict (pp. 221–236). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wissel, J., & Wolff, S. (2017). Political regulation and the strategic production of space: The European Union as a post-Fordist state spatial project. Antipode, 49(1), 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12265
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yack, B. (1996). The myth of the civic nation. Critical Review, 10(2), 193–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913819608443417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaiotti, R. (2011). Cultures of border control. University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Zielonka, J. (2006). Europe as empire. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar