Age-Related Performance on the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test in Healthy Child and Adolescent Girls: A Preliminary Evaluation

REFERENCES

• Anderson, V. (1998). Assessing executive functions in children: Biological, psychological, and developmental considerations. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 8, 319–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, V. A., Anderson, P., Northam, E., Jacobs, R., & Catroppa, C. (2001). Development of executive functions through late childhood and adolescence in an Australian sample. Developmental Neuropsychology, 20, 385–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andres, P., & Van der Linden, M. (2000). Age-related differences in supervisory attentional system functions. Journal of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 55, P373–P380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayliss, D. M., & Roodenrys, S. (2000). Executive processing and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An application of the supervisory attentional system. Developmental Neuropsychology, 17, 161–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielak, A. A. M., Mansueti, L., Strauss, E., & Dixon, R. A. (2006). Performance on the Hayling and Brixton tests in older adults: Norms and correlates. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21, 141–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakemore, S. J., & Choudhury, S. (2006). Development of the adolescent brain: Implications for executive function and social cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 296–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brocki, K. C., & Bohlin, G. (2004). Executive functions in children aged 6 to 13: A dimensional and developmental study. Developmental Neuropsychology, 26, 571–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, P. W., & Shallice, T. (1996). Bizarre responses, rule detection and frontal lobe lesions. Cortex, 32, 241–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess, P., & Shallice, T. (1997). The Hayling and Brixton Tests manual. Bury St Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company.
   Google Scholar
• Cauffman, E., Shulman, E. P., Steinberg, L., Claus, E., Banich, M. T., Graham, S., & Woolard, J. (2010). Age differences in affective decision making as indexed by performance on the Iowa Gambling Task. Developmental Psychology, 46, 193–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• de Frias, C. M., Dixon, R. A., & Strauss, E. (2009). Characterizing executive functioning in older special populations: From cognitively elite to cognitively impaired. Neuropsychology, 23, 778–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., … Rapoport, J. L. (1999). Brain development during childhood and adolescence: A longitudinal MRI study. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 861–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gohier, B., Ferracci, L., Surguladze, S. A., Lawrence, E., El Hage, W., Kefi, M. Z., … Le Gall, D. (2009). Cognitive inhibition and working memory in unipolar depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 116, 100–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, S., Pruessner, J. C., Coupe, P., & Collins, D. L. (2013). Volumetric analysis of medial temporal lobe structures in brain development from childhood to adolescence. NeuroImage, 74, 276–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huizinga, M., Dolan, C. V., & van der Molen, M. W. (2006). Age-related change in executive function: Developmental change and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia, 44, 2017–2036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessels, R. P. C., Mimpen, G., Melis, R., & Olde Rikkert, M. G. M. (2009). Measuring impairments in memory and executive function in older people using the Revised Cambridge Cognitive Examination. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 793–801.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klimkeit, E. I., Mattingley, J. B., Sheppard, D. M., Farrow, M., & Bradshaw, J. L. (2004). Examining the development of attention and executive functions in children with a novel paradigm. Child Neuropsychology, 10, 201–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebel, C., Gee, M., Camicioli, R., Wieler, M., Martin, W., & Beaulieu, C. (2012). Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tract evolution over the lifespan. NeuroImage, 60, 340–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehto, J. E., Juujarvi, P., Kooistra, L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. Developmental Psychology, 21, 59–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorente-Rovira, E., Santos-Gomez, J. L., Moro, M., Villagran, J. M., & McKenna, P. J. (2010). Confabulation in schizophrenia: A neuropsychological study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 1018–1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luna, B., Garver, K. E., Urban, T. A., Lazar, N. A., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004). Maturation of cognitive processes from late childhood to adulthood. Child Development, 75, 1357–1372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGivern, R. F., Andersen, J., Byrd, D., Mutter, K. L., & Reilly, J. (2002). Cognitive efficiency on a match to sample task decreases at the onset of puberty in children. Brain and Cognition, 50, 73–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex ‘frontal lobe’ tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton, J. B., Bosma, R., & Ansari, D. (2009). Age-related changes in brain activation associated with dimensional shifts of attention: An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 46, 249–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual (3rd ed.). Maidenhead, UK: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, M., Davis, J., Frampton, I., & Lask, B. (2011). The Ravello Profile: Development of a global standard neuropsychological assessment for young people with anorexia nervosa. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 195–202.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott, W. A. (1962). Cognitive complexity and cognitive flexibility. Sociometry, 25, 405–414.
   Google Scholar
• Shallice, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stedal, K., Rose, M., Frampton, I., Landra, N. I., & Lask, B. (2012). The neuropsychological profile of children, adolescents, and young adults with anorexia nervosa. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27, 329–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss, D., Eskes, G., & Foster, J. (1994). Experimental neuropsychological studies of frontal lobe functions. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology (pp. 149–185). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Stuss, D. T., Levine, B., Alexander, M. P., Hong, J., Palumbo, C., Hamer, L., … Izukawa, D. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: Effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes. Neuropsychologia, 38, 388–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchanturia, K., Harrison, A., Davies, H., Roberts, M., Oldershaw, A., Nakazato, M., … Treasure, J. (2011). Cognitive flexibility and clinical severity in eating disorders. PLoS ONE, 6, e20462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treitz, F. H., Daum, I., Faustmann, P. M., & Haase, C. G. (2009). Executive deficits in generalized and extrafrontal partial epilepsy: Long versus short seizure-free periods. Epilepsy & Behavior, 14, 66–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Den Berg, E., Nys, G. M. S., Brands, A. M. A., Ruis, C., Van Zandvoort, M. J. E., & Kessels, R. P. C. (2009). The Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test as a test for executive function: Validity in patient groups and norms for older adults. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 695–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Sluis, S., de Jong, P. F., & van der Leij, A. (2007). Executive functioning in children and its relations with reasoning, reading and arithmetic. Intelligence, 35, 427–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
   Google Scholar
• Wiebe, S. A., Espy, K. A., & Charak, D. (2008). Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: I. Latent structure. Developmental Psychology, 44, 575–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelazo, P. D., & Muller, U. (2010). Executive function in typical and atypical development. In U. Goswami (Ed.), The Blackwell-Wiley handbook of childhood cognitive development (pp. 574–603). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar