Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the BRIEF-2 Parent and Teacher Form: Relationship to Performance-Based Measures of Executive Functions and Academic Achievement

References

• Aguilar-Alonso, Á., Torres-Viñals, M., & Aguilar-Mediavilla, E. M. (2014). The first Spanish version of the NEPSY for the assessment of the neuropsychological development in a sample of Spanish children. The UB Journal of Psychology, 44(2), 185–198. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/html/970/97036175006/
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) (5th Ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71–82. doi:10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, V. A., Anderson, P., Northam, E., Jacobs, R., & Mikiewicz, O. (2002). Relationships between cognitive and behavioral measures of executive function in children with brain disease. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 231–240. doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.231.13509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arán Filippetti, V., & Allegri, R. F. (2011). Verbal fluency in Spanish-speaking children: Analysis model according to task type, clustering, and switching strategies and performance over time. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25(3), 413–436. doi:10.1080/13854046.2011.559481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arán Filippetti, V. (2013). Structure and invariance of executive functioning tasks across socioeconomic status: Evidence from Spanish-speaking children. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, e101, 1–15. http://dx.doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.102
   Google Scholar
• Arán Filippetti, V., & López, M. B. (2013). Las funciones ejecutivas en la clínica neuropsicológica infantil. Psicología Desde el Caribe, 30(2), 380–415. Retrieved from http://rcientificas.uninorte.edu.co/index.php/psicologia/article/view/4712/6928
   Google Scholar
• Arán Filippetti, V., & Richaud, M. C. (2017). A structural equation modeling of executive functions, IQ and mathematical skills in primary students: Differential effects on number production, mental calculus and arithmetical problems. Child Neuropsychology, 23, 864–888. doi:10.1080/09297049.2016.1199665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbuckle, J. L. (2007). Amos 16.0 User’s Guide. Chicago, IL: Amos Development Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Ardila, A., & Rosselli, M. (1994). Development of language, memory, and visuospatial abilities in 5- to 12-year-old children using a neuropsychological battery. Developmental Neuropsychology, 10(2), 97–120. doi:10.1080/87565649409540571
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bausela-Herreras, E. (2018). BRIEF-P: Analysis of executive functions according to informant/BRIEF-P: Análisis de las funciones ejecutivas en función del informante. Estudios de Psicología, 39(2–3), 503–547. doi:10.1080/02109395.2018.1507096
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benton, A. L., & Hamsher, K. (1989). Multilingual Aphasia Examination (2nd Ed.). Iowa City, USA: AJA Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Brydges, C. R., Reid, C. L., Fox, A. M., & Anderson, M. (2012). A unitary executive function predicts intelligence in children. Intelligence, 40(5), 458–469. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.05.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conklin, H. M., Salorio, C. F., & Slomine, S. F. (2008). Working memory performance following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 22(11), 847–857. doi:10.1080/02699050802403565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia, S., Ahern, D. C., Rabinowitz, A. R., Farrer, T. J., Smith Watts, A. K., Salloway, S., … Deoni, S. C. (2015). Lowering the floor on trail making test part b: Psychometric evidence for a new scoring metric. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 30(7), 643–656. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, F., Cherry, K., & Corkum, P. (2016). Validating the behavior rating inventory of executive functioning for children with ADHD and their typically developing peers. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(2), 127–137. doi:10.1080/21622965.2015.1021957
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Frias, C. M., Dixon, R. A., & Strauss, E. (2006). Structure of four executive functioning tests in healthy older adults. Neuropsychology, 20(2), 206–214. doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.2.206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Luca, C. R., Wood, S. J., Anderson, V., Buchanan, J. A., Proffitt, T. M., Mahony, K., & Pantelis, C. (2003). Normative data from the CANTAB. I: Development of executive function over the lifespan. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(2), 242–254. doi:10.1076/jcen.25.2.242.13639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duku, E., & Vaillancourt, T. (2014). Validation of the BRIEF-P in a sample of Canadian preschool children. Child Neuropsychology, 20(3), 358–371. doi:10.1080/09297049.2013.796919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, K. N., Cohen, L. A., & Limbers, C. (2018). Parent–child agreement on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) in a community sample of adolescents. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 61–68. doi:10.1080/21622965.2018.1438896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egeland, J., & Fallmyr, Ø. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF): Support for a distinction between emotional and behavioral regulation. Child Neuropsychology, 16(4), 326–337. doi:10.1080/09297041003601462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezpeleta, L., Granero, R., Penelo, E., Osa, N., & Doménech, J. M. (2015). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) applied to teachers: Psychometric properties and usefulness for disruptive disorders in 3-year-old preschoolers. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(6), 476–488. doi:10.1177/1087054712466439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournet, N., Roulin, J. L., Monnier, C., Atzeni, T., Cosnefroy, O., Le Gall, D., & Roy, A. (2015). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and structural invariance with age of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)—French version. Child Neuropsychology, 21(3), 379–398. doi:10.1080/09297049.2014.906569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garon, N. M., Piccinin, C., & Smith, I. M. (2016). Does the BRIEF-P predict specific executive function components in preschoolers? Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(2), 110–118. doi:10.1080/21622965.2014.1002923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilotty, L., Kenworthy, L., Sirian, L., Black, D. O., & Wagner, A. E. (2002). Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 241–248. doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.241.13504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia, G. A., & Isquith, P. K. (2004). Ecological assessment of executive function in traumatic brain injury. Developmental. Developmental Neuropsychology, 25, 135–158. doi:10.1080/87565641.2004.9651925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. A., & Kenworthy, L. (2017a). BRIEF-2. Evaluación Conductual de la Función Ejecutiva. Manual de aplicación, corrección e interpretación (M. J. Maldonado, M. C. Fournier, R. Martínez-Arias, J. González-Marquéz, J. M. Espejo-Saavedra, Y. P. Santamaría, adaptadores). Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.
   Google Scholar
• Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. A., & Kenworthy, L. (2017b). BRIEF-2. Evaluación Conductual de la Función Ejecutiva. Manual técnico (M. J. Maldonado, M. C. Fournier, R. Martínez-Arias, J. González-Marquéz, J. M. Espejo-Saavedra, Y. P. Santamaría, adaptadores). Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.
   Google Scholar
• Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2015). BRIEF-2, behavior rating inventory of executive function (2nd Ed.). Lutz, FL: Par.
   Google Scholar
• Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Retzlaff, P. D., & Espy, K. A. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in a clinical sample. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 249–257. doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.249.13513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg, E. (2001). The executive brain. Frontal lobes and the civilized mind. Oxford, UK: University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Golden, C. J. (1978). Stroop Color and Word Test. A manual for clinical and experimental uses. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting Co. [Spanish Adaptation (1999), Madrid: TEA Ediciones]
   Google Scholar
• Gyurak, A., Goodkind, M. S., Kramer, J. H., Miller, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (2012). Executive functions and the down-regulation and up-regulation of emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 26(1), 103–118. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.557291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton, R. K., Chelune, G. J., Talley, J. L., Kay, G. G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. [Spanish adaptation by de la Cruz López, M. V. (1997). Madrid: TEA Ediciones]
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, C., Ensor, R., Wilson, A., & Graham, A. (2009). Tracking executive function across the transition to school: A latent variable approach. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35(1), 20–36. doi:10.1080/87565640903325691
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huizinga, M., Dolan, C. V., & Van Der Molen, M. W. (2006). Age-related change in executive function: Developmental trends and a latent variable analysis. Neuropsychologia, 44(11), 2017–2036. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huizinga, M., & Smidts, D. P. (2010). Age-related changes in executive function: A normative study with the Dutch version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Child Neuropsychology, 17(1), 51–66. doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.509715
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Injoque-Ricle, I., & Burin, D. I. (2008). Validez y fiabilidad de la prueba de Torre de Londres para niños: Un estudio preliminar. Revista Argentina de Neuropsicología, 11, 21–31. doi:10.5579/rnl.2011.0065
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson, L. A., Williford, A. P., & Pianta, R. C. (2011). The role of executive function in children’s competent adjustment to middle school. Child Neuropsychology, 17(3), 255–280. doi:10.1080/09297049.2010.535654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez, A., & Lucas-Molina, B. (2018). Dimensional structure and measurement invariance of the BRIEF-2 across gender in a socially vulnerable sample of primary school-aged children. Child Neuropsychology, 25(5), 636–647. doi:10.1080/09297049.2018.1512962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karr, J. E., Areshenkoff, C. N., Rast, P., Hofer, S. M., Iverson, G. L., & García-Barrera, M. A. (2018). The unity and diversity of executive functions: A systematic review and re-analysis of latent variable studies. Psychological Bulletin, 144(11), 1147–1185. doi:10.1037/bul0000160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korkman, M., Kirk, U., & Kemp, S. L. (1998). NEPSY. A developmental neuropsychological assessment. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Laere, E., Tee, S. F., & Tang, P. Y. (2018). Assessment of cognition in schizophrenia using trail making test: A Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Investigation, 15(10), 945–955. doi:10.30773/pi.2018.07.22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehto, J. E., Juujärvi, P., Kooistra, L., & Pulkkinen, L. (2003). Dimensions of executive functioning: Evidence from children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 21(1), 59–80. doi:10.1348/026151003321164627
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons Usher, A. M., Leon, S. C., Stanford, L. D., Holmbeck, G. N., & Bryant, F. B. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) in children and adolescents with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 22(8), 907–918. doi:10.1080/09297049.2015.1060956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahone, M. E., Cirino, P. T., Cutting, L. E., Cerrone, P. M., Hagelthorn, K. M., Hiemenz, J. R., … Denckla, M. B. (2002). Validity of the behavior rating inventory of executive function in children with ADHD and/or Tourette syndrome. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17(7), 643–662. doi:10.1093/arclin/17.7.643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahone, E. M., Martin, R., Kates, W. R., Hay, T., & Horska, A. (2009). Neuroimaging correlates of parent ratings of working memory in typically developing children. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15(1), 31–41. doi:10.1017/S1355617708090164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahone, M. E., Zabel, T. A., Levey, E., Verda, M., & Kinsman, S. (2002). Parent and self-report ratings of executive function in adolescents with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. Child Neuropsychology, 8, 258–270. doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.258.13510
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangeot, S., Armstrong, K., Colvin, A. N., Yeates, K. O., & Taylor, G. H. (2002). Long-term executive function deficits in children with traumatic brain injuries: Assessment using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 271–284. doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.271.13503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansilla, C., Vásquez, D., & Estrada, C. (2012). Pertinencia normativa del Raven para la evaluación de población infantojuvenil socialmente vulnerable. Terapia Psicológica, 30(1), 73–80. doi:10.4067/S0718-48082012000100007
   Google Scholar
• Martínez-Ramos, A., Peró-Cebollero, M., Villaseñor-Cabrera, T., & Guàrdia-Olmos, J. (2013). Adaptación y validación del test Torre de Londres en mexicanos adultos mayores de 60 años. Anuario de Psicología, 43(2), 253–266. Retrieved from https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=97029454008
   Google Scholar
• McAuley, T., Chen, S., Goos, L., Schachar, R., & Crosbie, J. (2010). Is the behavior rating inventory of executive function more strongly associated with measures of impairment or executive function? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(3), 495–505. doi:10.1017/S1355617710000093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake, A., & Friedman, N. P. (2012). The nature and organization of individual differences in executive functions: Four general conclusions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 8–14. doi:10.1177/0963721411429458
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe'' tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41(1), 49–100. doi:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven, J. C. (1991). Test de matrices progresivas para la medida de la capacidad intelectual (de sujetos de 12 a 65 años), Manual. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Paidós.
   Google Scholar
• Raven, J. C. (2005). Test de matrices progresivas: Escala general. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Paidós
   Google Scholar
• Raven, J. C. (2009). Test de matrices progresivas: Escala coloreada. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Paidós.
   Google Scholar
• Regard, M., Strauss, E., & Knapp, P. (1982). Children´s production on verbal and non verbal fluency tasks. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 55(3), 839–844. doi:10.2466/pms.1982.55.3.839
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1992). Neuropsychological evaluation of older children. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shallice, T. (1982). Specific impairments in planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 298(1089), 199–209. doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel, J. A., Lonigan, C. J., & Phillips, B. M. (2017). Factor structure and utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Preschool Version. Psychological Assessment, 29(2), 172. doi:10.1037/pas0000324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St Clair-Thompson, H. L., & Gathercole, S. E. (2006). Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59(4), 745–759. doi:10.1080/17470210500162854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stelzer, F., Cervigni, M., & Martino, P. (2011). Desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas en niños preescolares: Una revisión de algunos de sus factores moduladores. Liberabit, 17(1), 93–100. Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=68619288011
   Google Scholar
• Stievano, P., & Scalisi, T. G. (2016). Unique designs, errors and strategies in the Five-Point Test: The contribution of age, phonemic fluency and visuospatial abilities in Italian children aged 6–11 years. Child Neuropsychology, 22(2), 197–219. doi:10.1080/09297049.2014.988607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuss, D. T., & Alexander, M. P. (2000). Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A conceptual view. Psychological Research, 63(3–4), 289–298. doi:10.1007/s004269900007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, J. R., & Riccio, C. A. (2007). Diagnostic group differences in parent and teacher ratings on the BRIEF and Conners' Scales. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(3), 398–406. doi:10.1177/1087054707299399
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun, X., Wu, Z., Cao, Q., Qian, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, B., … Wang, Y. (2018). Genetic variant for behavioral regulation factor of executive function and its possible brain mechanism in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 7620. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26042-y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thorell, L. B., & Nyberg, L. (2008). The Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI): A new rating instrument for parents and teachers. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33(4), 536–552. doi:10.1080/8756560802101516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorell, L. B., Veleiro, A., Siu, A. F., & Mohammadi, H. (2013). Examining the relation between ratings of executive functioning and academic achievement: Findings from a cross-cultural study. Child Neuropsychology, 19(6), 630–638. doi:10.1080/09297049.2012.727792
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Practitioner review: Do performance-based measures and ratings of executive function assess the same construct? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(2), 131–143. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriezen, E. R., & Pigott, S. E. (2002). The relationship between parental report on the BRIEF and performance-based tasks of executive function in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 296–303. doi:10.1076/chin.8.4.296.13505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. [Spanish adaptation (2005), Madrid: TEA Ediciones]
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2010). WISC IV, Escala de Inteligencia para niños de Wechsler – IV. Adaptación Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Paidos.
   Google Scholar
• Wiebe, S. A., Espy, K. A., & Charak, D. (2008). Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: I. Latent structure. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 575–587. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiebe, S. A., Sheffield, T., Nelson, J. M., Clark, C. A., Chevalier, N., & Espy, K. A. (2011). The structure of executive function in 3-year-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 108(3), 436–452. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2010.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung, T. W-K., Lai, C. Y. Y., Gomez, I. N., Loh, V., Wang, J., Chan, J. Y. C., … Ng, S. S. M. (2019). Parents’ perceptions of children’s executive functions across different cities. Child Neuropsychology, 25(2), 152–161. doi:10.1080/09297049.2017.1406075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelazo, P. D., & Müller, U. (2002). Executive functions in typical andatypical development. In U. Goswami (Ed.), Handbook of childhoodcognitive development (pp. 445–469). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar