748
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The dimensionality of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition in a clinical sample

, , , , &

References

  • Alsaedi, R. H., Carrington, S., & Watters, J. J. (2020). Behavioral and neuropsychological evaluation of executive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder in the Gulf Region. Brain Sciences, 10(2), 459. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020120
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Anderson, P. (2002). Assessment and development of executive function (EF) during childhood. Child Neuropsychology, 8(2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1076/chin.8.2.71.8724
  • Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. Guilford Press.
  • Berkovits, L., Eisenhower, A., & Blacher, J. (2017). Emotion regulation in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2922-2
  • Bloemen, A. J. P., Oldehinkel, A. J., Laceulle, O. M., Ormel, J., Rommelse, N. N. J., & Hartman, C. A. (2018). The association between executive functioning and psychopathology: General or specific? Psychological Medicine, 48(11), 1787–1794. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717003269
  • Boonstra, A. M., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 35(8), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170500499x
  • Bos, M. G. N., Diamantopoulou, S., Stockmann, L., Begeer, S., & Rieffe, C. (2018). Emotion control predicts internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in boys with and without an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(8), 2727–2739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3519-8
  • Canivez, G. L. (2014). Construct validity of the WISC-IV with a referred sample: Direct versus indirect hierarchical structures. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(1), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000032
  • Canivez, G. L. (2016). Bifactor modeling in construct validation of multifactored tests: Implications for understanding multidimensional constructs and test interpretation. In K. Schweizer & C. DiStefano (Eds.), Principles and methods of test construction (pp. 246–271). Hogrefe.
  • Canivez, G. L., McGill, R. J., Dombrowski, S. C., Watkins, M. W., Pritchard, A. E., & Jacobson, L. A. (2020). Construct validity of the WISC-V in clinical cases: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 10 primary subtests. Assessment, 27(2), 274–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191118811609
  • Canivez, G. L., Watkins, M. W., & Dombrowski, S. C. (2017). Structural validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition: Confirmatory factor analyses with the 16 primary and secondary subtests. Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 458–472. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000358
  • Canivez, G. L., Watkins, M. W., & McGill, R. J. (2019). Construct validity of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children - Fifth UK Edition: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the 16 primary and secondary subtests. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(2), 195–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12230
  • Decker, S. L., Bridges, R. M., Luedke, J. C., & Eason, M. J. (2021). Dimensional evaluation of cognitive measures: Methodological confounds and theoretical concerns. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 39(1), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282920940879
  • Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
  • Dodzik, P. (2017). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition Gerard A. Gioia, Peter K. Isquith, Steven C. Guy, and Lauren Kenworthy. Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology, 3(3–4), 227–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40817-017-0044-1
  • Donders, J., DenBraber, D., & Vos, L. (2010). Construct and criterion validity of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in children referred for neuropsychological assessment after paediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychology, 4(Pt 2), 197–209. https://doi.org/10.1348/174866409X478970
  • Duke, L. M., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2000). Executive control functions in degenerative dementias: A comparative review. Neuropsychology Review, 10(2), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009096603879
  • Egeland, J., & Fallmyr, O. (2010). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF): Support for a distinction between emotional and behavioral regulation. Child Neuropsychology, 16(4), 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297041003601462
  • Familiar, I., Ruisenor-Escudero, H., Giordani, B., Bangirana, P., Nakasujja, N., Opoka, R., & Boivin, M. (2015). Use of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and Child Behavior Checklist in Ugandan children with HIV or a history of severe malaria. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(4), 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000149
  • Fenollar-Cortés, J., & Watkins, M. W. (2019). Construct validity of the Spanish Version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fifth Edition (WISC-VSpain). International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 7(3), 150–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2017.1414006
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage.
  • Fossati, P., Ergis, A. M., & Allilaire, J. F. (2002). Executive functioning in unipolar depression: A review. L'Encephale, 28(2), 97–107.
  • Fournet, N., Roulin, J.-L., Monnier, C., Atzeni, T., Cosnefroy, O., Le Gall, D., & Roy, A. (2015). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and structural invariance with age of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)-French version. Child Neuropsychology, 21(3), 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2014.906569
  • Gardiner, E., & Iarocci, G. (2018). Everyday executive function predicts adaptive and internalizing behavior among children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(2), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1877
  • Gignac, G. E. (2008). Higher-order models versus direct hierarchical models: g as superordinate or breadth factor? Psychology Science Quarterly, 50(1), 21–43.
  • Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2000). The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2015). Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-2. Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Retzlaff, P. D., & Espy, K. A. (2002). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in a clinical sample. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1076/chin.8.4.249.13513
  • Goldstein, S., Naglieri, J. A., Princiotta, D., & Otero, T. M. (2014). Introduction: A history of executive functioning as a theoretical and clinical construct. In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of executive functioning (pp. 3–12). Springer.
  • Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor analysis (2nd ed.). LEA.
  • Halvorsen, M., Mathiassen, B., Amundsen, T., Ellingsen, J., Brøndbo, P. H., Sundby, J., Steinsvik, O. O., & Martinussen, M. (2019). Confirmatory factor analysis of the behavior rating inventory of executive function in a neuro-pediatric sample and its application to mental disorders. Child Neuropsychology, 25(5), 599–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2018.1508564
  • Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2001). Rethinking construct reliability within latent variable systems. In R. Cudeck, S. Du Toit, & D. Sorbom (Eds.), Structural equation modeling: Present and future (pp. 195–216). Scientific Software International.
  • Hecht, L. K., & Latzman, R. D. (2018). Exploring the differential associations between components of executive functioning and reactive and proactive aggression. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 40(1), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2017.1314450
  • Hendrickson, N. K., & McCrimmon, A. W. (2019). Test review: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function®, Second Edition (BRIEF®2) by Gioia, G. A., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 34(1), 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573518797762
  • Hu, L. t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huizinga, M., & Smidts, D. P. (2011). Age-related changes in executive function: A normative study with the Dutch version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Child Neuropsychology, 17(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2010.509715
  • Hu, Z., & Li, J. (2015). The integration of EFA and CFA: One method of evaluating construct validity. Global Journal of Human-Social Science, 15(6), 15–19. doi:https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume15/2-The-Integration-of-EFA-and-CFA.pdf
  • Hutchison, M., Pei, J., Leung, W. S. W., Mackenzie, M., Hicks, M. D., Thurm, A. E., Han, J. C., & Haqq, A. M. (2015). Parental ratings of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 8(2), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315864.2015.1017893
  • Isquith, P. K., Roth, R. M., & Gioia, G. (2013). Contribution of Rating Scales to the Assessment of Executive Functions. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 2(2), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2013.748389
  • Izquierdo, I., Olea, J., & Abad, F. J. (2014). Exploratory factor analysis in validation studies: Uses and recommendations. Psicothema, 26(3), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.349
  • Jacobson, L. A., Kalb, L. G., & Mahone, E. M. (2020). When theory met data: Factor structure of the BRIEF2 in a clinical sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 34(1), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2019.1571634
  • Jiménez, A., & Lucas-Molina, B. (2019). Dimensional structure and measurement invariance of the BRIEF-2 across gender in a socially vulnerable sample of primary school-aged children. Child Neuropsychology, 25(5), 636–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2018.1512962
  • Karr, J. E., Hofer, S. M., Iverson, G. L., & Garcia-Barrera, M. A. (2019). Examining the Latent Structure of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 34(3), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy043
  • Kenny, D. A. (2012). Identification. https://perma.cc/FK2N-2DGE
  • Lace, J. W., Emmert, N. A., Merz, Z. C., Zane, K. L., Grant, A. F., Aylward, S., Dorflinger, J., & Gfeller, J. D. (2019). Investigating the BRIEF and BRIEF-SR in adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology, 5(1–2), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40817-018-00063-x
  • Lace, J. W., Merz, Z. C., Grant, A. F., Teague, C. L., Aylward, S., Dorflinger, J., & Gfeller, J. D. (2019). Relationships between the BRIEF/BRIEF-SR and performance-based neuropsychological tests in adolescents with mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology, 5(4), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40817-019-00074-2
  • Lecerf, T., & Canivez, G. L. (2018). Complementary exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the French WISC-V: Analyses based on the standardization sample. Psychological Assessment, 30(6), 793–808. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000526
  • Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1990). Prospects for a cognitive neuropsychology of autism: Hobson's choice. Psychological Review, 97(1), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.97.1.122
  • Li, J., Chung, T., Vanyukov, M., Scott Wood, D., Ferrell, R., & Clark, D. (2015). A hierarchical factor model of executive functions in adolescents: Evidence of gene-environment interplay. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 21(1), 62–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617714001039
  • Lyons Usher, A. M., Leon, S. C., Stanford, L. D., Holmbeck, G. N., & Bryant, F. B. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) in children and adolescents with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 22(8), 907–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2015.1060956
  • Mahone, E. M., Zabel, T. A., Levey, E., Verda, M., & Kinsman, S. (2002). Parent and self-report ratings of executive function in adolescents with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.1076/chin.8.4.258.13510
  • Morgan, G., Hodge, K., Wells, K., & Watkins, M. (2015). Are fit indices biased in favor of bi-factor models in cognitive ability research?: A comparison of fit in correlated factors, higher-order, and bi-factor models via Monte Carlo simulations. Journal of Intelligence, 3(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence3010002
  • Muñoz, M. P., & Filippetti, V. A. (2019). Confirmatory factor analysis of the BRIEF-2 parent and teacher form: Relationship to performance-based measures of executive functions and academic achievement. Appl Neuropsychol Child. Advance online publication. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2019.1660984
  • Murray, A. L., & Johnson, W. (2013). The limitations of model fit in comparing the bi-factor versus higher-order models of human cognitive ability structure. Intelligence, 41(5), 407–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.06.004
  • Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S. (2012). Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 12(2), 241–268. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-011-0083-5
  • O’Connor, B. P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32(3), 396–402. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03200807
  • Oishi, K., Suto, K., Nakauchi, A., Watanabe, T., Takemori, A., & Toyota, M. (2017). Relationship between spontaneous speech function and behavior rating inventory of executive function profile in children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot case study. Psychology, 08(13), 2138–2145. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2017.813136
  • Ozonoff, S., & Jensen, J. (1999). Brief report: Specific executive function profiles in three neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(2), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023052913110
  • Pérez-Salas, C. P., Ramos, C., Oliva, K., & Ortega, A. (2016). Bifactor Modeling of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in a chilean sample. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 122(3), 757–776. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516650441
  • Peterson, E., & Welsh, M. C. (2014). The development of hot and cool executive functions in childhood and adolescence: Are we getting warmer? In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of executive functioning (pp. 45–65). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8106-5_4
  • Rabin, L. A., Paolillo, E., & Barr, W. B. (2016). Stability in test-usage practices of clinical neuropsychologists in the United States and Canada over a 10-year period: A follow-up survey of INS and NAN members. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(3), 206–230. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw007
  • Reddy, L. A., Hale, J. B., & Brodzinsky, L. K. (2011). Discriminant validity of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Parent Form for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. School Psychology Quarterly, 26(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022585
  • Reise, S. P. (2012). Invited paper: The rediscovery of bifactor measurement models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(5), 667–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.715555
  • Reise, S. P., Moore, T. M., & Haviland, M. G. (2010). Bifactor models and rotations: Exploring the extent to which multidimensional data yield univocal scale scores. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(6), 544–559. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2010.496477
  • Reise, S. P., Scheines, R., Widaman, K. F., & Haviland, M. G. (2013). Multidimensionality and structural coefficient bias in structural equation modeling. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164412449831
  • Robb, A. S. (2010). Managing irritability and aggression in autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 16(3), 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddrr.118
  • Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., & Haviland, M. G. (2016). Applying bifactor statistical indices in the evaluation of psychological measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1089249
  • Roth, R. M., Lance, C. E., Isquith, P. K., Fischer, A. S., & Giancola, P. R. (2013). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version in healthy adults and application to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 28(5), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act031
  • Samson, A. C., Phillips, J. M., Parker, K. J., Shah, S., Gross, J. J., & Hardan, A. Y. (2014). Emotion dysregulation and the core features of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(7), 1766–1772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2022-5
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Muller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Schmid, J., & Leiman, J. M. (1957). The development of hierarchical factor solutions. Psychometrika, 22(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289209
  • Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  • Shevlin, M., & Miles, J. N. V. (1998). Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(1), 85–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00055-5
  • Slick, D. J., Lautzenhiser, A., Sherman, E. M. S., & Eyrl, K. (2006). Frequency of Scale Elevations and Factor Structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in children and adolescents with intractable epilepsy. Child Neuropsychology, 12(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040600611320
  • Stuss, D. T. (2011). Functions of the frontal lobes: Relation to executive functions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(5), 759–765. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617711000695
  • Suchy, Y. (2009). Executive functioning: Overview, assessment, and research issues for non-neuropsychologists. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9097-4
  • Tataryn, D. J., Wood, J. M., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1999). Setting the Value of K in Promax: A Monte Carlo Study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59(3), 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131649921969938
  • Toplak, M. E., Bucciarelli, S. M., Jain, U., & Tannock, R. (2009). Executive functions: Performance-based measures and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Child Neuropsychology, 15(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040802070929
  • Watkins, M. W. (2013). Omega [Computer software]. EdPsych Associates, Inc.
  • Watkins, M. W. (2020). MacOrtho [Computer software]. EdPsych Associates, Inc.
  • Wechsler, D. (2014). WISC-V: Technical and interpretive manual. Pearson.
  • Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1336–1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.