References
- Roeland EJ, Bohlke K, Baracos VE, et al. Management of cancer cachexia: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(21):2438.
- Zhou X, Wang JL, Lu J, et al. Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival. Cell. 2010;142(4):531–543.
- Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ, Stemmler B, et al. Novel targeted therapies for cancer cachexia. Biochem J. 2017;474(16):2663–2678.
- Argilés JM, Busquets S, Stemmler B, et al. Cancer cachexia: understanding the molecular basis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014;14(11):754–762.
- Daas SI, Rizeq BR, Nasrallah GK. Adipose tissue dysfunction in cancer cachexia. J Cell Physiol. 2018;234(1):13–22.
- Kir S, White JP, Kleiner S, et al. Tumour-derived PTH-related protein triggers adipose tissue browning and cancer cachexia. Nature. 2014;513(7516):100–104.
- Petruzzelli M, Schweiger M, Schreiber R, et al. A switch from white to brown fat increases energy expenditure in cancer-associated cachexia. Cell Metab. 2014;20(3):433–447.
- Rohm M, Schäfer M, Laurent V, et al. An AMP-activated protein kinase-stabilizing peptide ameliorates adipose tissue wasting in cancer cachexia in mice. Nat Med. 2016;22(10):1120–1130.
- Bing C, Russell S, Becket E, et al. Adipose atrophy in cancer cachexia: morphologic and molecular analysis of adipose tissue in tumour-bearing mice. Br J Cancer. 2006;95(8):1028–1037.
- Rydén M, Agustsson T, Laurencikiene J, et al. Lipolysis–not inflammation, cell death, or lipogenesis–is involved in adipose tissue loss in cancer cachexia. Cancer. 2008;113(7):1695–1704.
- Sun X, Feng X, Wu X, et al. Fat wasting is damaging: role of adipose tissue in cancer-associated cachexia. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:33.
- Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Biava PM. Exosomes and cell communication: from tumour-derived exosomes and their role in tumour progression to the use of exosomal cargo for cancer treatment. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(4):822.
- Mohammadi S, Yousefi F, Shabaninejad Z, et al. Exosomes and cancer: from oncogenic roles to therapeutic applications. IUBMB Life. 2020;72(4):724–748.
- Yuwen D, Ma Y, Wang D, et al. Prognostic role of circulating exosomal miR-425-3p for the response of NSCLC to platinum-based chemotherapy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019;28(1):163–173.
- Zhang G, Liu Z, Ding H, et al. Tumor induces muscle wasting in mice through releasing extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):589.
- Bou M, Montfort J, Le Cam A, et al. Gene expression profile during proliferation and differentiation of rainbow trout adipocyte precursor cells. BMC Genomics. 2017;18(1):347.
- Maridas DE, DeMambro VE, Le PT, et al. IGFBP4 is required for adipogenesis and influences the distribution of adipose depots. Endocrinology. 2017;158(10):3488–3500.
- Gómez-Escudero J, Moreno V, Martín-Alonso M, et al. E-cadherin cleavage by MT2-MMP regulates apical junctional signaling and epithelial homeostasis in the intestine. J Cell Sci. 2017;130(23):4013–4027.
- Darlington GJ, Ross SE, MacDougald OA. The role of C/EBP genes in adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem. 1998;273(46):30057–30060.
- Rogne M, Taskén K. Compartmentalization of cAMP signaling in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Horm Metab Res. 2014;46(12):833–840.
- Kloska A, Węsierska M, Malinowska M, et al. Lipophagy and lipolysis status in lipid storage and lipid metabolism diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(17):6113.
- Ro SH, Jang Y, Bae J, et al. Autophagy in adipocyte browning: emerging drug target for intervention in obesity. Front Physiol. 2019;10:22.
- Mitra MS, Chen Z, Ren H, et al. Mice with an adipocyte-specific lipin 1 separation-of-function allele reveal unexpected roles for phosphatidic acid in metabolic regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(2):642–647.
- Zhang R, Maratos-Flier E, Flier JS. Reduced adiposity and high-fat diet-induced adipose inflammation in mice deficient for phosphodiesterase 4B. Endocrinology. 2009;150(7):3076–3082.
- Bing C, Trayhurn P. New insights into adipose tissue atrophy in cancer cachexia. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009;68(4):385–392.
- Du G, Zhang Y, Hu S, et al. Non-coding RNAs in exosomes and adipocytes cause fat loss during cancer cachexia. Noncoding RNA Res. 2021;6(2):80–85.
- Li H, Zhao C, Zhao H, et al. Elevated linc00936 or silenced microRNA-425-3p inhibits immune escape of gastric cancer cells via elevation of ZC3H12A. Int Immunopharmacol. 2021;95:107559.
- Wang Y, Zhao H, Gao X, et al. Identification of a three-miRNA signature as a blood-borne diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget. 2016;7(18):26070–26086.
- Ma Y, Yuwen D, Chen J, et al. Exosomal transfer of cisplatin-induced miR-425-3p confers cisplatin resistance in NSCLC through activating autophagy. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:8121–8132.
- Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Miki H, et al. PPAR gamma mediates high-fat diet-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance. Mol Cell. 1999;4(4):597–609.
- Large V, Peroni O, Letexier D, et al. Metabolism of lipids in human white adipocyte. Diabetes Metab. 2004;30(4):294–309.
- Gealekman O, Gurav K, Chouinard M, et al. Control of adipose tissue expandability in response to high fat diet by the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4. J Biol Chem. 2014;289(26):18327–18338.
- Feinberg TY, Rowe RG, Saunders TL, et al. Functional roles of MMP14 and MMP15 in early postnatal mammary gland development. Development. 2016;143(21):3956–3968.
- Singh R, Xiang Y, Wang Y, et al. Autophagy regulates adipose mass and differentiation in mice. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(11):3329–3339.
- Wang H, Edens NK. mRNA expression and antilipolytic role of phosphodiesterase 4 in rat adipocytes in vitro. J Lipid Res. 2007;48(5):1099–1107.
- Zhong J, Xie J, Xiao J, et al. Inhibition of PDE4 by FCPR16 induces AMPK-dependent autophagy and confers neuroprotection in SH-SY5Y cells and neurons exposed to MPP+-induced oxidative insult. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;135:87–101.
- Ugland H, Naderi S, Brech A, et al. cAMP induces autophagy via a novel pathway involving ERK, cyclin E and Beclin 1. Autophagy. 2011;7(10):1199–1211.
- Mullins GR, Wang L, Raje V, et al. Catecholamine-induced lipolysis causes mTOR complex dissociation and inhibits glucose uptake in adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(49):17450–17455.
- Jung CH, Ro SH, Cao J, et al. mTOR regulation of autophagy. FEBS Lett. 2010;584(7):1287–1295.
- He Y, Liu RX, Zhu MT, et al. The browning of white adipose tissue and body weight loss in primary hyperparathyroidism. EBioMedicine. 2019;40:56–66.
- Avila DV, Barker DF, Zhang J, et al. Dysregulation of hepatic cAMP levels via altered Pde4b expression plays a critical role in alcohol-induced steatosis. J Pathol. 2016;240(1):96–107.
- Ringholm S, Grunnet Knudsen J, Leick L, et al. PGC-1α is required for exercise- and exercise training-induced UCP1 up-regulation in mouse white adipose tissue. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64123.
- Yun SJ, Kim EK, Tucker DF, et al. Isoform-specific regulation of adipocyte differentiation by Akt/protein kinase Balpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;371(1):138–143.
- Fischer-Posovszky P, Tews D, Horenburg S, et al. Differential function of Akt1 and Akt2 in human adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;358(1):135–143.
- Suhasini AN, Wang L, Holder KN, et al. A phosphodiesterase 4B-dependent interplay between tumor cells and the microenvironment regulates angiogenesis in B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2016;30(3):617–626.
- Smith PG, Wang F, Wilkinson KN, et al. The phosphodiesterase PDE4B limits cAMP-associated PI3K/AKT-dependent apoptosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2005;105(1):308–316.
- Torres-Quiroz F, Filteau M, Landry CR. Feedback regulation between autophagy and PKA. Autophagy. 2015;11(7):1181–1183.
- Helwa I, Cai J, Drewry MD, et al. A comparative study of serum exosome isolation using differential ultracentrifugation and three commercial reagents. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0170628.
- Wu Q, Li J, Li Z, et al. Exosomes from the tumour-adipocyte interplay stimulate beige/brown differentiation and reprogram metabolism in stromal adipocytes to promote tumour progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38(1):223.
- Wen Z, Li J, Fu Y, et al. Hypertrophic adipocyte-derived exosomal miR-802-5p contributes to insulin resistance in cardiac myocytes through targeting HSP60. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28(10):1932–1940.