The clinical significance of PD-L1 in advanced gastric cancer is dependent on ARID1A mutations and ATM expression

References

• Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, Arance A, Grob JJ, Mortier L, Daud A, Carlino MS, McNeil C, Lotem M, et al. Pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2521–32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1503093. PMID:25891173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, Dutriaux C, Maio M, Mortier L, Hassel JC, Rutkowski P, McNeil C, Kalinka-Warzocha E, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:320–30. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1412082. PMID:25399552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Wagstaff J, Schadendorf D, Ferrucci PF, et al. Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1345–56. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1709684. PMID:28889792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG, Hui R, Csőszi T, Fülöp A, Gottfried M, Peled N, Tafreshi A, Cuffe S, et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1823–33. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1606774. PMID:27718847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brahmer J, Reckamp KL, Baas P, Crinò L, Eberhardt WE, Poddubskaya E, Antonia S, Pluzanski A, Vokes EE, Holgado E, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:123–35. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1504627. PMID:26028407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, et al. Nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1627–39. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1507643. PMID:26412456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, George S, Hammers HJ, Srinivas S, Tykodi SS, Sosman JA, Procopio G, Plimack ER, et al. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1803–13. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1510665. PMID:26406148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maleki Vareki S, Garrigós C, Duran I. Biomarkers of response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;116:116–24. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.001. PMID:28693793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topalian SL, Taube JM, Anders RA, Pardoll DM. Mechanism-driven biomarkers to guide immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16:275–87. doi:10.1038/nrc.2016.36. PMID:27079802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le DT, Durham JN, Smith KN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Aulakh LK, Lu S, Kemberling H, Wilt C, Luber BS, et al. Mismatch repair deficiency predicts response of solid tumors to PD-1 blockade. Science. 2017;357:409–13. doi:10.1126/science.aan6733. PMID:28596308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, Bartlett BR, Kemberling H, Eyring AD, Skora AD, Luber BS, Azad NS, Laheru D, et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2509–20. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1500596. PMID:26028255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ionov Y, Peinado MA, Malkhosyan S, Shibata D, Perucho M. Ubiquitous somatic mutations in simple repeated sequences reveal a new mechanism for colonic carcinogenesis. Nature. 1993;363:558–661. doi:10.1038/363558a0. PMID:8505985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake C, Tsao JL, Wu A, Shibata D. Stepwise deletions of polyA sequences in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers. Am J Pathol. 2001;158:1867–70. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64143-0. PMID:11337385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thibodeau SN, Bren G, Schaid D. Microsatellite instability in cancer of the proximal colon. Science. 1993;260:816–9. doi:10.1126/science.8484122. PMID:8484122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature. 2012;487:330–7. doi:10.1038/nature11252. PMID:22810696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Germano G, Lamba S, Rospo G, Barault L, Magrì A, Maione F, Russo M, Crisafulli G, Bartolini A, Lerda G, et al. Inactivation of DNA repair triggers neoantigen generation and impairs tumour growth. Nature. 2017;552:116–20. PMID:29186113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Liu F, Liu L. Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in solid tumor: An updated meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e6369. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000006369. PMID:28471952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YX, Wang XS, Wang YF, Hu XC, Yan JQ, Zhang YL, Wang W, Yang RJ, Feng YY, Gao SG, et al. Prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in patients with gastric cancer in East Asia: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther. 2016;9:2649–54. PMID:27226727.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang M, Dong Y, Liu H, Wang Y, Zhao S, Xuan Q, Wang Y, Zhang Q. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of 10 studies with 1,901 patients. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37933. doi:10.1038/srep37933. PMID:27892511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu L, Chen M, Guo D, Zhu H, Zhang W, Pan J, Zhong X, Li X, Qian H, Wang X. PD-L1 and gastric cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0182692. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182692. PMID:28796808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeggo PA, Pearl LH, Carr AM. DNA repair, genome stability and cancer: a historical perspective. Nat Rev Cancer. 2016;16:35–42. doi:10.1038/nrc.2015.4. PMID:26667849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber AM, Ryan AJ. ATM and ATR as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 2015;149:124–38. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.001. PMID:25512053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartek J, Lukas J. Chk1 and Chk2 kinases in checkpoint control and cancer. Cancer Cell. 2003;3:421–9. doi:10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00110-7. PMID:12781359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriend LE, De Witt Hamer PC, Van Noorden CJ, Würdinger T. WEE1 inhibition and genomic instability in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013;1836:227–35. PMID:23727417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott TL, Rangaswamy S, Wicker CA, Izumi T. Repair of oxidative DNA damage and cancer: recent progress in DNA base excision repair. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20:708–26. doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5529. PMID:23901781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaillard H, García-Muse T, Aguilera A. Replication stress and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2015;15:276–89. doi:10.1038/nrc3916. PMID:25907220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon H, Norbury CJ. Therapeutic exploitation of checkpoint defects in cancer cells lacking p53 function. Cell Cycle. 2002;1:362–8. doi:10.4161/cc.1.6.257. PMID:12548006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maugeri-Saccà M, Bartucci M, De Maria R. Checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitors for potentiating systemic anticancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2013;39:525–33. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.10.007. PMID:23207059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lauro L, Vici P, Belli F, Tomao S, Fattoruso SI, Arena MG, Pizzuti L, Giannarelli D, Paoletti G, Barba M, et al. Docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine combination chemotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2014;17:718–24. doi:10.1007/s10120-013-0321-3. PMID:24318671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lauro L, Giacinti L, Arena MG, Sergi D, Fattoruso SI, Giannarelli D, Lopez M. Phase II study of epirubicin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel combination in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2009;28:34. doi:10.1186/1756-9966-28-34. PMID:19267943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lauro L, Nunziata C, Arena MG, Foggi P, Sperduti I, Lopez M. Irinotecan, docetaxel and oxaliplatin combination in metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2007;97:593–7. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603917. PMID:17667920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Lauro L, Belli F, Arena MG, Carpano S, Paoletti G, Giannarelli D, Lopez M. Epirubicin, cisplatin and docetaxel combination therapy for metastatic gastric cancer. Ann Oncol. 2005;16:1498–502. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdi281. PMID:15956036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronchetti L, Melucci E, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Casini B, Sperati F, Pallocca M, Terrenato I, Pizzuti L, Vici P, et al. DNA damage repair and survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. Int J Cancer. 2017;140:2587–95. doi:10.1002/ijc.30668. PMID:28233295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen J, Peng Y, Wei L, Zhang W, Yang L, Lan L, Kapoor P, Ju Z, Mo Q, Shih IeM, et al. ARID1 A deficiency impairs the DNA Damage checkpoint and sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitors. Cancer Discov. 2015;5:752–67. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-0849. PMID:26069190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe R, Ui A, Kanno S, Ogiwara H, Nagase T, Kohno T, Yasui A. SWI/SNF factors required for cellular resistance to DNA damage include ARID1A and ARID1B and show interdependent protein stability. Cancer Res. 2014;74:2465–75. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3608. PMID:24788099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melucci E, Casini B, Ronchetti L, Pizzuti L, Sperati F, Pallocca M, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Gallo E, Amoreo CA, et al. Expression of the Hippo transducer TAZ in association with WNT pathway mutations impacts survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. J Transl Med. 2018;16:22. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1385-y. PMID:29402328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leijen S, van Geel RM, Sonke GS, de Jong D, Rosenberg EH, Marchetti S, et al. Phase II study of WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 plus carboplatin in patients with TP53-mutated ovarian cancer refractory or resistant to first-line therapy within 3 months. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:4354–61. doi:10.1200/JCO.2016.67.5942. PMID:27998224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wehler T, Thomas M, Schumann C, Bosch-Barrera J, Viñolas Segarra N, Dickgreber NJ, Dalhoff K, Sebastian M, Corral Jaime J, Alonso M, et al. A randomized, phase 2 evaluation of the CHK1 inhibitor, LY2603618, administered in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2017;108:212–6. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.03.001. PMID:28625637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature. 2014;513:202–9. doi:10.1038/nature13480. PMID:25079317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato H, Niimi A, Yasuhara T, Permata TBM, Hagiwara Y, Isono M, Nuryadi E, Sekine R, Oike T, Kakoti S, et al. DNA double-strand break repair pathway regulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1751. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01883-9. PMID:29170499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böger C, Behrens HM, Mathiak M, Krüger S, Kalthoff H, Röcken C. PD-L1 is an independent prognostic predictor in gastric cancer of Western patients. Oncotarget. 2016;7:24269–83. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.8169. PMID:27009855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Nam KH, Ahn SH, Park DJ, Kim HH, Kim SH, Chang H, Lee JO, Kim YJ, Lee HS, et al. Prognostic implications of immunosuppressive protein expression in tumors as well as immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer. 2016;19:42–52. doi:10.1007/s10120-014-0440-5. PMID:25424150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing X, Guo J, Wen X, Ding G, Li B, Dong B, Feng Q, Li S, Zhang J, Cheng X, et al. Analysis of PD1, PDL1, PDL2 expression and T cells infiltration in 1014 gastric cancer patients. Oncoimmunology. 2017;7:e1356144. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1356144. PMID:29399387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura T, Ohira M, Tanaka H, Muguruma K, Toyokawa T, Kubo N, Sakurai K, Amano R, Kimura K, Shibutani M, et al. Programmed Death-1 Ligand-1 (PDL1) Expression Is Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Stage II/III Gastric Cancer. Anticancer Res. 2015;35:5369–76. PMID:26408698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manic G, Obrist F, Sistigu A, Vitale I. Trial Watch: Targeting ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways for anticancer therapy. Mol Cell Oncol. 2015;2:e1012976. doi:10.1080/23723556.2015.1012976. PMID:27308506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouw KW, Goldberg MS, Konstantinopoulos PA, D'Andrea AD. DNA Damage and Repair Biomarkers of Immunotherapy Response. Cancer Discov. 2017;7:675–93. doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-17-0226. PMID:28630051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar