Durable tumor regression in highly refractory metastatic KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GIST following treatment with nivolumab

References

• Corless CL, Fletcher JA, Heinrich MC. Biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(18):3813–6. doi:10.1200/JCO.2004.05.140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plesec TP. Gastrointestinal mesenchymal neoplasms other than gastrointestinal stromal tumors: focusing on their molecular aspects. Patholog Res Int. 2011;2011:952569.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2013;42(2):399–415. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2013.01.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajendra R, Pollack SM, Jones RL. Management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Future Oncol. 2013;9(2):193–206. doi:10.2217/fon.12.178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postow MA, Robson ME. Inherited gastrointestinal stromal tumor syndromes: mutations, clinical features, and therapeutic implications. Clin Sarcoma Res. 2012;2:11. doi:10.1186/2045-3329-2-16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• George S, Blay JY, Casali PG, Le Cesne A, Stephenson P, DePrimo SE, Harmon CS, Law CNJ, Morgan JA, Ray-Coquard I, et al. Clinical evaluation of continuous daily dosing of sunitinib malate in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after imatinib failure. Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(11):1959–1968. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.02.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demetri GD, Reichardt P, Kang YK, Blay J-Y, Rutkowski P, Gelderblom H, Hohenberger P, Leahy M, von Mehren M, Joensuu H. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9863):295–302. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61857-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutkowski P, Jagielska B, Andrzejuk J, Bylina E, Lugowska I, Switaj T, Kosela-Paterczyk H, Kozak K, Falkowski S, Klimczak A. The analysis of the long-term outcomes of sorafenib therapy in routine practice in imatinib and sunitinib resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Contemp Oncol. 2017;21:285–289.
   Google Scholar
• Mir O, Cropet C, Toulmonde M, Cesne AL, Molimard M, Bompas E, Cassier P, Ray-Coquard I, Rios M, Adenis A, et al. Pazopanib plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours resistant to imatinib and sunitinib (PAZOGIST): a randomized, multicenter, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(5):632–641. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(16)00075-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuetze SM, Bolejack V, Thomas DG, von Mehren M, Patel S, Samuels B, Choy E, D’Amato G, Staddon AP, Ganjoo KN, et al. Association of dasatinib with progression-free survival among patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors resistant to imatinib. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(6):814–820. THIS IS REFERENCE 50. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazarika M, Chuk MK, Theoret MR, Mushti S, He K, Weis SL, Putman AH, Helms WS, Cao X, Li H, et al. U.S. FDA approval summary: nivolumab for treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma following progression on ipilimumab. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:3484–3488. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazandjian D, Khozin S, Blumenthal G, Zhang L, Tang S, Libeg M, Kluetz P, Sridhara R, Keegan P, Pazdur R. Benefit-risk summary of nivolumab for patients with metastatic squamous cell lung cancer after platinum based chemotherapy: a report from the US Food and Drug Administration. JAMA Oncol. 2016;1:118–122. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3934.
   Google Scholar
• Xu JX, Maher VE, Zhang L, Tang S, Sridhara R, Ibrahim A, Kim G, Pazdur R. FDA approval summary: nivolumab in advanced renal cell carcinoma after anti-angiogenic therapy and exploratory predictive biomarker analysis. Oncologist. 2017;3:311–317. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0476.
   Google Scholar
• Seifert AM, Zeng S, Zhang JQ, Kim TS, Cohen NA, Beckman MJ, Medina BD, Maltbaek JH, Loo JK, Crawley MH, et al. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade enhances T cell activity and antitumor efficacy of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;2:454–465. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1163.
   Google Scholar
• Reilley MJ, Bailey A, Subbiah V, Janku F, Naing A, Falchook G, Karp D, Piha-Paul S, Tsimberidou A, Fu S, et al. Phase I clinical trial of combination imatinib and ipilimumab in patients with advanced malignancies. J Immunother Cancer. 2017;5:35. doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0238-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groisberg R, Hong DS, Behrang A, Hess K, Janku F, Piha-Paul S, Naing A, Fu S, Benjamin R, Patel S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced sarcoma enrolled in early phase immunotherapy trials. J Immunother Cancer. 2017;5:100. doi:10.1186/s40425-017-0301-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusakiewicz S, Semeraro M, Sarabi M, Desbois M, Locher C, Mendez R, Vimond N, Concha A, Garrido F, Isambert N, et al. Immune infiltrates are prognostic factors in localized gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Res. 2013;73(12):3499–34510. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-0371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebert LM, Tan BS, Browning J, Svobodova S, Russell SE, Kirkpatrick N, Gedye C, Moss D, Ng SP, MacGregor D, et al. The regulatory T cell—associated transcription factor FOXP3 is expressed by tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2008;68(8):3001–3009. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karanikas V, Spletetas M, Zamanakou M, Kalala F, Loules G, Kerenidi T, Barda AK, Gourgoulianis KI, Germenis AE. Foxp3 expression in human cancer cells. J Transl Med. 2008;6(19). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-6-19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinz S, Pagerols-Raluy L, Oberg HH, Ammerpohl O, Grüssel S, Sipos B, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Ungefroren H, Saeger H-D, et al. Foxp3 expression I pancreatic carcinoma as a novel mechanism of immune evasion in cancer. Cancer Res. 2007;67(17):8344–8350. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blakely AM, Matoso A, Patil PA, Taliano R, Machan JT, Miner TJ, Lombardo KA, Resnick MB, Wang L-J. Role of immune microenvironment in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology. 2018;72(3):405–413. doi:10.1111/his.2018.72.issue-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balachandran VP, Cavnar MJ, Zeng S, Bamboat ZM, Ocuin LM, Obaid H, Sorenson EC, Popow R, Ariyan C, Rossi F, et al. Imatinib potentiates antitumor T cell responses in gastrointestinal stromal tumor through the inhibition of Ido. Nat Med. 2011;17(9):1094–1100. doi:10.1038/nm.2438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Angelo SP, Shoushtari AN, Keohan ML, Dickson MA, Gounder MM, Chi P, Loo JK, Gaffney L, Schneider L, Patel Z, et al. Combined KIT and CTLA-4 blockade in patients with refractory GIST and other advanced sarcomas: a phase Ib study of dasatinib plus ipilimumab. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23(12):2972–2980. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerner MY, Kastenmuller W, Ifrim I, Kabat J, Germain R. Histo-cytometry: a method for highly multiplex quantitative tissue imaging analysis applied to dendritic cell subset microanatomy in lymph nodes. Immunity. 2012;24(37):364–376. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.011.
   Google Scholar