Group Perceptions of Acceptance of Racial/Ethnic, Sexual and Gender Minorities in the United States Military

References

• Aford, B., & Lee, S. J. (2016). Toward complete inclusion: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender military service members after repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. Social Work, 61(3), 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/sww033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armor, D., & Gilroy, C. (2010). Changing minority representation in the U.S. military. Armed Forces & Society, 36(2), 223–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X09339900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binkin, M., & Eitelberg, M. (1982). Blacks in the military. Brookings Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Bürkner, P. (2017). brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v080.i01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bürkner, P., & Vuorre, M. (2018). Ordinal regression models in psychology: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(1), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918823199
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, B., Gelman, A., Hoffman, D., Lee, D., Goodrich, B., Betancourt, M., Brubaker, M., Guo, J., Li, P., & Riddell, A. (2017). Stan: A Probabilistic Programming Language. Journal of Statistical Software, 76(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v076.i01
   Google Scholar
• Castro, C., & Goldbach, J. (2018). The perpetrator hypothesis: Victimization involving LGBT service members. In L. W. Roberts & C. H. Warner (Eds.), Military and veteran mental health: A comprehensive guide (pp. 145–156). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J., & Hamilton, D. (2015). Understanding diversity: The importance of social Acceptance. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(4), 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215573495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrobot-Mason, D., & Aramovich, N. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity. Group & Organization Management, 38(6), 659–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601113509835
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downing, J., Conron, K., Herman, J. L., & Blosnich, J. R. (2018). Transgender and cisgender U.S. veterans have few health differences. Health Affairs (Project Hope)), 37(7), 1160–1168. https://doi.org/10.1377/ hlthaff.2018.0027 https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunlap, S., Holloway, I., Pickering, C., Tzen, M., Goldbach, J., & Castro, C. (2020). Support for Transgender Military Service from Active Duty United States Military Personnel. Sexuality Research & Social Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00437-x
   Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., Jakulin, A., Pittau, M., & Su, Y. (2008). A weakly informative default prior distribution for logistic and other regression models. The Annals of Applied Statistics, 2(4), 1360–1383. https://doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GenIUSS Group. (2014). Best practices for asking questions to identify transgender and other gender minority respondents on population-based surveys. Williams Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Gile, K., Beaudry, I., Handcock, M., & Ott, M. (2018). Methods for inference from respondent-driven sampling data. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application, 5(1), 65–93. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-031017-100704
   Google Scholar
• Hajjar, R. M. (2010). A new angle on the U.S. military’s emphasis on developing cross-cultural competence: Connecting in-ranks’ cultural diversity to cross-cultural competence. Armed Forces & Society, 36(2), 247–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X09339898
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 813–821. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewstone, M., & Swart, H. (2011). Fifty-odd years of inter-group contact: From hypothesis to integrated theory. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02047.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homan, A. C., Greer, L. L., Jehn, K. A., & Koning, L. (2010). Believing shapes seeing: The impact of diversity beliefs on the construal of group composition. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 13(4), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430209350747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jehn, K. A., Bezrukova, K., & Thatcher, S. (2008). Conflict, diversity, and faultlines in workgroups. In C. K. W. De Dreu, & M. J. Gelfand (Eds.), The psychology of conflict and conflict management in organizations (pp. 179–210). Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Kamarck, K. (2015). Diversity, inclusion, and equal opportunity in the armed services: Background and issues for Congress. Library of Congress.
   Google Scholar
• Kintzle, S., Barr, N., Corletto, G., & Castro, C. (2018). PTSD in U.S. veterans: The role of social connectedness, combat experience and discharge. Healthcare, 6(3), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6030102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, G., & Pitts, D. (2017). LGBT–heterosexual differences in perceptions of fair treatment in the federal service. The American Review of Public Administration, 47(5), 574–587. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074015605378
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, N., Mariano, L., Cox, A., Schulker, D., Hanser, L. (2014). Improving demographic diversity in the U.S. Air Force officer corps. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR495.html
   Google Scholar
• MacGregor, M. J. Jr. (1981). Integration of the armed forces 1940-1965. Center of Military History.
   Google Scholar
• Malec, D., & Sedransk, J. (1985). Bayesian inference for finite population parameters in multistage cluster sampling. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80(392), 897–902. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1985.10478200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay, P. F., Avery, D. R., Tonidandel, S., Morris, M. A., Hernandez, M., & Hebl, M. R. (2007). Racial differences in employee retention: Are diversity climate perceptions the key? Personnel Psychology, 60(1), 35–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00064.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara, K. A., Lucas, C. L., Goldbach, J. T., Holloway, I. W., & Castro, C. A. (2020). “You don’t want to be a candidate for punishment”: A qualitative analysis of LGBT service member ‘outness.’ Sexuality Research & Social Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-020-00445-x
   Google Scholar
• Meade, A. W., & Craig, S. B. (2012). Identifying careless responses in survey data. Psychological Methods, 17(3), 437–455. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028085
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Military Leadership Diversity Commission. (2011). From representation to inclusion: Diversity leadership for the 21st-century military. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=11390
   Google Scholar
• Moore, B., & Webb, S. (2000). Perceptions of equal opportunity among women and minority Army personnel. Sociological Inquiry, 70(2), 215–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.2000.tb00906.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor Barak, M. E., & Daya, P. (2014). Fostering inclusion from the inside out to create an inclusive workplace. In B. M. Ferdman & B. R. Deane (Eds.), Diversity at work: The practice of inclusion (pp. 391–412). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa, S., Johnson, P., & Schielzeth, H. (2017). The coefficient of determination R2 and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 14(134). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0213
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, J. C., Adams, G., & Salter, P. S. (2013). The Marley hypothesis: Denial of racism reflects ignorance of history. Psychological Science, 24(2), 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612451466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy. (2017). 2017 demographics: Profile of the military community. U.S. Department of Defense.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, M. (2020). The influence of social exclusion on posttraumatic stress reactions in older adult veterans. Social Work, 65(2), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaa008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pew Research Center. (2016). On views of race and inequality, blacks and whites are worlds apart. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/on-views-of-race-and-inequalityblacksand-whites-are-worlds-apart/
   Google Scholar
• Pruitt, S. (2019). Once banned, then silenced: How Clinton’s Don’t Ask Don’t Tell policy affected LGBT military. https://www.history.com/news/dont-ask-dont-tell-repeal-compromise
   Google Scholar
• Rose, H., Daiches, A., & Potier, J. (2012). Meaning of social inclusion to young people not in employment, education or training. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 22(3), 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.1118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabharwal, M. (2014). Is diversity management sufficient? Organizational inclusion to further performance. Public Personnel Management, 43(2), 197–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026014522202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saxena, A. (2014). Workforce diversity: A key to improve productivity. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11(C), 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00178-6
   Google Scholar
• Sessler Bernstein, R., & Bilimoria, D. (2013). Diversity perspectives and minority nonprofit board member inclusion. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(7), 636–653. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-02-2012-0010
   Google Scholar
• Shore, L., Cleveland, J., & Sanchez, D. (2018). Inclusive workplaces: A review and model. Human Resource Management Review, 28(2), 176–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2017.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore, L., Randel, A., Chung, B., Dean, M., Holcombe Ehrhart, K., & Singh, G. (2011). Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1262–1289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310385943
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommers, S. R., & Norton, M. I. (2006). Lay theories about White racists: What constitutes racism (and what doesn’t). Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 9(1), 117–138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430206059881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh, C. K. (2019). Reviewing a ban on transgender troops from an international perspective. Southwestern Journal of International Law, 25(1), 155–179.
   Google Scholar
• van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1–67. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v045.i03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar