Healthy eaters beat unhealthy eaters in prototype evaluation among men, but abstinence may pose a risk for social standing

References

• Barker, M. E., Tandy, M., & Stookey, J. D. (1999). How are consumers of low-fat and high-fat diets perceived by those with lower and higher fat intake?. Appetite, 33(3), 309–317. doi: 10.1006/appe.1999.0248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingham, C. M., Jallinoja, P., Lahti-Koski, M., Absetz, P., Paturi, M., Pihlajamäki, H., & Uutela, A. (2010). Quality of diet and food choices of Finnish young men: A sociodemographic and health behaviour approach. Public Health Nutrition, 13(6A), 980–986. doi:10.1017/S1368980010001187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingham, C. M., Lahti-Koski, M., Absetz, P., Puukka, P., Kinnunen, M., Pihlajamaki, H., … Jallinoja, P. (2011). Food choices and health during military service: Increases in sugar- and fibre-containing foods and changes in anthropometric and clinical risk factors. Public Health Nutrition, 15(7), 1248–1255. doi:10.1017/S1368980011003351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingham, C. M., Lahti-Koski, M., Puukka, P., Kinnunen, M., Jallinoja, P., & Absetz, P. (2012). Effects of a healthy food supply intervention in a military setting: Positive changes in cereal, fat and sugar containing foods. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 91. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bingham, C. M., Ovaskainen, M. L., Tapanainen, H., Lahti-Koski, M., Sahi, T., & Paturi, M. (2009). Nutrient intake and food use of Finnish conscripts in garrison, on leave, and in encampment conditions. Military Medicine, 174(7), 678–684. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-03-9208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Defence Command Public Information Division. (2012). The Finnish defence forces annual report 2011. Tampere: Juvenes Print Oy.
   Google Scholar
• Dohnke, B., Steinhilber, A., & Fuchs, T. (2015). Adolescents’ eating behaviour in general and in the peer context: Testing the prototype-willingness model. Psychology & Health, 30(4), 381–399. doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.974604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries, E., & Croyle, R. T. (1993). Stereotypes associated with a low-fat diet and their relevance to nutrition education. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 93(5), 551–555. doi: 10.1016/0002-8223(93)91815-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., Trudeau, L., Vande Lune, L. S., & Buunk, B. (2002). Inhibitory effects of drinker and nondrinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychology, 21(6), 601–609. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.21.6.601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrits, J. H., de Ridder, D. T. D., de Wit, J. B. F., & Kuijer, R. G. (2009). Cool and independent or foolish and undisciplined? adolescents’ prototypes of (un)healthy eaters and their association with eating behaviour. Appetite, 53(3), 407–413. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.08.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrits, J. H., O'Hara, R. E., Piko, B. F., Gibbons, F. X., de Ridder, Denise T. D., … de Wit, John B. F. (2010). Self-control, diet concerns and eater prototypes influence fatty foods consumption of adolescents in three countries. Health Education Research, 25(6), 1031–1041. doi:10.1093/her/cyq055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1995). Predicting young adults’ health risk behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), 505–517. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.69.3.505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn, A., & Renner, B. (1998). Perception of health risks: How smoker status affects defensive optimism. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 11(2), 93–112. doi: 10.1080/10615809808248307
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hankonen, N., Kinnunen, M., Absetz, P., & Jallinoja, P. (2014). Why do people high in self-control eat more healthily? Social cognitions as mediators. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 47(2), 242–248. doi:10.1007/s12160-013-9535-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jallinoja, P., Niva, M., Helakorpi, S., & Kahma, N. (2014). Food choices, perceptions of healthiness, and eating motives of self-identified followers of a low-carbohydrate diet. Food & Nutrition Research, 58. doi:10.3402/fnr.v58.23552
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jallinoja, P., Tuorila, H., Ojajarvi, A., Bingham, C., Uutela, A., & Absetz, P. (2011). Conscripts' attitudes towards health and eating. changes during the military service and associations with eating. Appetite, 57(3), 718–721. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Lettow, B., de Vries, H., Burdorf, A., & van Empelen, P. (2014). Quantifying the strength of the associations of prototype perceptions with behaviour, behavioural willingness and intentions: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 1–19. doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.941997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Nutrition Council. (2005). Finnish nutrition recommendations (in Finnish). Helsinki: Edita Prima Oy. doi:10.3402/fnr.v58.23552
   Google Scholar
• Oakes, M. E., & Slotterback, C. S. (2005). Prejudgments of those who eat a “healthy” versus an “unhealthy” food for breakfast. Current Psychology, 23(4), 267–278. doi: 10.1007/s12144-004-1001-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paalanen, L., Mannisto, S., Virtanen, M. J., Knekt, P., Rasanen, L., Montonen, J., & Pietinen, P. (2006). Validity of a food frequency questionnaire varied by age and body mass index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59(9), 994–1001. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajari, P. M., Jallinoja, P., & Absetz, P. (2006). Negotiation over self-control and activity: An analysis of balancing in the repertoires of Finnish healthy lifestyles. Social Science & Medicine, 62(10), 2601–2611. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peretti-Watel, P., & Moatti, J. (2006). Understanding risk behaviours: How the sociology of deviance may contribute? The case of drug-taking. Social Science & Medicine, 63(3), 675–679. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.01.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piko, B. F., Bak, J., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Prototype perception and smoking: Are negative or positive social images more important in adolescence? Addictive Behaviors, 32(8), 1728–1732. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivis, A., Sheeran, P., & Armitage, C. J. (2006). Augmenting the theory of planned behaviour with the prototype/willingness model: Predictive validity of actor versus abstainer prototypes for adolescents’ health-protective and health-risk intentions. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11(3), 483–500. doi:10.1348/135910705X70327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stead, M., McDermott, L., MacKintosh, A. M., & Adamson, A. (2011). Why healthy eating is bad for young people's health: Identity, belonging and food. Social Science & Medicine, 72(7), 1131–1139. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.12.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhilber, A., Fuchs, T., & Dohnke, B. (2013). Die wahrnehmung von esser-prototypen als erklärung von geschlechterunterschieden im ernährungsverhalten unter berücksichtigung des alters. [The perception of eater-prototypes as explanation of gender differences in eating behaviour under consideration of age]. Zeitschrift Für Gesundheitspsychologie, 21(2), 82–90. doi:10.1026/0943-8149/a000093
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todd, J., Kothe, E., Mullan, B., & Monds, L. (2014). Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: A meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model. Health Psychology Review, doi:10.1080/17437199.2014.922895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann, F., & Sieverding, M. (2011). Young adults' images of abstaining and drinking: Prototype dimensions, correlates and assessment methods. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(3), 410–420. doi:10.1177/1359105310373412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar