Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in food: which behaviour change strategies increase consumers’ risk awareness and preventive food-handling behaviour?

References

• Abraham, C., & Michie, S. (2008). A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology, 27(3), 379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen, P., & Bennett, K. (2008). SPSS for the health & Behavioural sciences. South Melbourne, Australia: Thomson.
   Google Scholar
• Alt, K., Simon, S., Helmeke, C., Kohlstock, C., Prager, R., Tietze, E., … Frank, C. (2015). Outbreak of uncommon O4 non-agglutinating Salmonella typhimurium linked to minced pork, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, January to April 2013. Plos One, 10(6), e0128349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelillo, I. F., Foresta, M. R., Scozzafava, C., & Pavia, M. (2001). Consumers and foodborne diseases: Knowledge, attitudes and reported behavior in one region of Italy. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 64(1), 161–166. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00451-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antúnez, L., Giménez, A., Maiche, A., & Ares, G. (2015). Influence of interpretation aids on attentional capture, visual processing, and understanding of front-of-package nutrition labels. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(4), 292–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong, A. W., Idriss, N. Z., & Kim, R. H. (2011). Effects of video-based, online education on behavioral and knowledge outcomes in sunscreen use: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 83(2), 273–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 248–287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90022-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bargh, J. A. (1982). Attention and automaticity in the processing of self-relevant information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(3), 425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bier, V. M. (2017). Risk in extreme environments: Preparing, avoiding, mitigating, and managing. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chow, S., & Mullan, B. (2010). Predicting food hygiene. An investigation of social factors and past behaviour in an extended model of the health action process approach. Appetite, 54(1), 126–133. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collineau, L., Carmo, L. P., Endimiani, A., Magouras, I., Müntener, C., Schüpbach-Regula, G., & Stärk, K. D. (2018). Risk ranking of antimicrobial-resistant hazards found in meat in Switzerland. Risk Analysis, 38(5), 1070–1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conijn, T., Nijmeijer, S. C., Lakeman, P., Henneman, L., Wijburg, F. A., & Haverman, L. (2020). Preconception expanded carrier screening: Impact of information presented by text or video on genetic knowledge and attitudes. Journal of Genetic Counseling, doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jgc4.1332
   Google Scholar
• Corace, K., & Garber, G. (2014). When knowledge is not enough: Changing behavior to change vaccination results. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 10(9), 2623–2624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong, A., Verhoeff-Bakkenes, L., Nauta, M., & De Jonge, R. (2008). Cross-contamination in the kitchen: Effect of hygiene measures. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105(2), 615–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dima, A. L. (2018). Scale validation in applied health research: Tutorial for a 6-step R-based psychometrics protocol. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 6(1), 136–161. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2018.1472602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubé, E., Gagnon, D., & Vivion, M. (2020). Public Health network: Optimizing communication material to address vaccine hesitancy. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 46(2–3), 48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunwoody, S., & Griffin, R. J. (2015). Risk information seeking and processing model. In H. Cho, T. Reimer & K. A. McComas (Eds. The SAGE Handbook of Risk Communication, 102–116. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Eggers, S. M., Aarø, L. E., Bos, A. E., Mathews, C., & de Vries, H. (2014). Predicting condom use in South Africa: A test of two integrative models. AIDS and Behavior, 18(1), 135–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epton, T., Currie, S., & Armitage, C. J. (2017). Unique effects of setting goals on behavior change: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 85(12), 1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer, R. A., & Klein, W. M. (2015). Risk perceptions and health behavior. Current Opinion in Psychology, 5, 85–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, A. R., & Frewer, L. J. (2008). Food-safety practices in the domestic kitchen: Demographic, personality, and experiential determinants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(11), 2859–2884.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folster, J. P., Grass, J. E., Bicknese, A., Taylor, J., Friedman, C. R., & Whichard, J. M. (2017). Characterization of resistance genes and plasmids from outbreaks and illness clusters caused by Salmonella resistant to ceftriaxone in the United States, 2011–2012. Microbial Drug Resistance, 23(2), 188–193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest, L. E., Sawyer, S. D., Hallowell, N., James, P. A., & Young, M.-A. (2019). High-risk women’s risk perception after receiving personalized polygenic breast cancer risk information. Journal of Community Genetics, 10(2), 197–206. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-018-0378-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freivogel, C., & Visschers, V. H. (2020). Understanding the underlying psychosocial determinants of safe food handling among consumers to mitigate the transmission risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher, K. M., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012). Health message framing effects on attitudes, intentions, and behavior: A meta-analytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 43(1), 101–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Retamero, R., & Cokely, E. T. (2011). Effective communication of risks to young adults: Using message framing and visual aids to increase condom use and STD screening. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 17(3), 270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg, V., Camp, L. J., Connelly, K., & Lorenzen-Huber, L. (2012). Risk communication design: Video vs. text. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium.
   Google Scholar
• Haapala, I., & Probart, C. (2004). Food safety knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors among middle school students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 36(2), 71–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harle, C. A., Downs, J. S., & Padman, R. (2012). Effectiveness of personalized and interactive health risk calculators: A randomized trial. Medical Decision Making, 32(4), 594–605. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X11431736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan, L. M., Shiu, E., & Shaw, D. (2016). Who says there is an intention–behaviour gap? Assessing the empirical evidence of an intention–behaviour gap in ethical consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 136(2), 219–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healton, C. G., & Messeri, P. (1993). The effect of video interventions on improving knowledge and treatment compliance in the sexually transmitted disease clinic setting. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20(2), 70–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henke, K., Alter, T., Doherr, M., & Merle, R. (2020). Comparison of consumer knowledge about Campylobacter, Salmonella and Toxoplasma and their transmissibility via meat: Results of a consumer study in Germany. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess, R., Visschers, V. H., & Siegrist, M. (2011). Risk communication with pictographs: The role of numeracy and graph processing. Judgment and Decision Making, 6(3), 263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohman, Z. P., Crano, W. D., & Niedbala, E. M. (2016). Attitude ambivalence, social norms, and behavioral intentions: Developing effective antitobacco persuasive communications. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 209–219. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hou, S. I., Charlery, S. A. R., & Roberson, K. (2014). Systematic literature review of Internet interventions across health behaviors. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 2(1), 455–481. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.895368
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huberty, C. J., & Olejnik, S. (2006). Applied MANOVA and discriminant analysis (2nd ed.). New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. (2017). IBM SPSS statistics for windows (Version 25.0.). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Irvine, A. B., Ary, D. V., Grove, D. A., & Gilfillan-Morton, L. (2004). The effectiveness of an interactive multimedia program to influence eating habits. Health Education Research, 19(3), 290–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jans, C., Sarno, E., Collineau, L., Meile, L., Stärk, K. D., & Stephan, R. (2018). Consumer exposure to antimicrobial resistant bacteria from food at Swiss retail level. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, P. A., & Lehmann, D. R. (2008). Designing effective health communications: A meta-analysis. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 27(2), 117–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, M. P., & Barker, M. (2016). Why is changing health-related behaviour so difficult? Public Health, 136, 109–116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, J., Nolan, A., Gibney, S., O'Brien, S., McMahon, M., McKenzie, K., … Wall, P. (2011). Deteminants of cross-contamination during home food preparation. British Food Journal, 113(2), 280–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koedel, C., & Betts, J. (2010). Value added to what? How a ceiling in the testing instrument influences value-added estimation. Education Finance and Policy, 5(1), 54–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok, G., Gottlieb, N. H., Peters, G.-J. Y., Mullen, P. D., Parcel, G. S., Ruiter, R. A., … Bartholomew, L. K. (2016). A taxonomy of behaviour change methods: An intervention mapping approach. Health Psychology Review, 10(3), 297–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner, I., Freivogel, C., Stärk, K. D., & Visschers, V. H. (2020). Exposure pathways to antimicrobial resistance at the human-animal interface—A qualitative comparison of Swiss expert and consumer opinions. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., Zhou, X., Lan, Z., Li, L., Li, Z., Chen, W., … Zhang, L. (2016). Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak associated with a contaminated food container in a school in Sichuan Province, China. Epidemiology & Infection, 144(2), 285–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manuel, D. G., Abdulaziz, K. E., Perez, R., Beach, S., & Bennett, C. (2018). Personalized risk communication for personalized risk assessment: Real world assessment of knowledge and motivation for six mortality risk measures from an online life expectancy calculator. Informatics for Health and Social Care, 43(1), 42–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17538157.2016.1255632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mays, D., Johnson, A. C., Phan, L., Tercyak, K. P., Rehberg, K., & Lipkus, I. (2020). Effect of risk messages on risk appraisals, attitudes, ambivalence, and willingness to smoke hookah in young adults. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 8(1), 96–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2020.1730844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, W. J. (1968). Personality and attitude change: An information-processing theory. Psychological Foundations of Attitudes, 171, 196.
   Google Scholar
• Michie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., … Wood, C. E. (2013). The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: Building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 81–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millman, C., Rigby, D., Edward-Jones, G., Lighton, L., & Jones, D. (2014). Perceptions, behaviours and kitchen hygiene of people who have and have not suffered campylobacteriosis: A case control study. Food Control, 41, 82–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan, B., Wong, C., & Kothe, E. (2013). Predicting adolescents’ safe food handling using an extended theory of planned behavior. Food Control, 31(2), 454–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan, B., Wong, C., & O'Moore, K. (2010). Predicting hygienic food handling behaviour: Modelling the health action process approach. British Food Journal, 112, 1216–1229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakeson, K. F., Wagner, J. M., Rohrwasser, A., & Atkinson-Dunn, R. (2018). Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of isolates from foodborne illness outbreaks of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 56(11), e00161-18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohman, S. (2017). Previous experiences and risk perception: The role of transference. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science, 23, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Pearson, E. S. (2012). Goal setting as a health behavior change strategy in overweight and obese adults: A systematic literature review examining intervention components. Patient Education and Counseling, 87(1), 32–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2011.07.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Rodríguez, F., & Mercanoglu Taban, B. (2019). A state-of-art review on multi-drug resistant pathogens in foods of animal origin: Risk factors and mitigation strategies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10(2091). doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02091
   Google Scholar
• Peters, G.-J. (2018). The alpha and the omega of scale reliability and validity: Why and how to abandon cronbach’s alpha and the route towards more comprehensive assessment of scale quality. European Health Psychologist, 16(2), 56–69. https://psyarxiv.com/h47fv/
   Google Scholar
• Powers, D., & Xie, Y. (2008). Statistical methods for categorical data analysis (2nd ed.). Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1982). Transtheoretical therapy: Toward a more integrative model of change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19(3), 276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proviande. (2017). Der Fleischmarkt im Überblick. Retrieved from https://www.proviande.ch/de/dienstleistungen-statistik/statistik/publikationen/archiv.html
   Google Scholar
• Questback. (2018). EFS survey, Version summer 2018. Köln: Questback GmbH.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Reyna, V. F., & Brainerd, C. J. (2008). Numeracy, ratio bias, and denominator neglect in judgments of risk and probability. Learning and Individual Differences, 18(1), 89–107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, R. E., & Dickau, L. (2012). Experimental evidence for the intention–behavior relationship in the physical activity domain: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 31(6), 724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Røssvoll, E., Langsrud, S., Bloomfield, S., Moen, B., Heir, E., & Møretrø, T. (2015). The effects of different hygiene procedures in reducing bacterial contamination in a model domestic kitchen. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 119(2), 582–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson, C. A., & Yopyk, D. J. (2007). Improving condom use intentions and behavior by changing perceived partner norms: An evaluation of condom promotion videos for college students. Health Psychology, 26(4), 481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer, R. (1992). Self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors: Theoretcial approaches and a new mode. Self-efficacy: Thought Control of Action, 217, 242.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarzer, R. (2008). Modeling health behavior change: How to predict and modify the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Applied Psychology, 57(1), 1–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer, R. (2016). Health action process approach (HAPA) as a theoretical framework to understand behavior change. Actualidades en Psicología, 30(121), 119–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sijtsma, K., & Molenaar, I. W. (2002). Introduction to nonparametric item response theory (Vol. 5). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Slovic, P., Peters, E., Finucane, M. L., & MacGregor, D. G. (2005). Affect, risk, and decision making. Health Psychology, 24(4), 35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniehotta, F. F., & Aunger, R. (2010). Stage models of behaviour change. Health Psychology, 135, 146.
   Google Scholar
• Sniehotta, F. F., Schwarzer, R., Scholz, U., & Schüz, B. (2005). Action planning and coping planning for long-term lifestyle change: Theory and assessment. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35(4), 565–576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soetens, K. C., Vandelanotte, C., de Vries, H., & Mummery, K. W. (2014). Using online computer tailoring to promote physical activity: A randomized trial of text, video, and combined intervention delivery modes. Journal of Health Communication, 19(12), 1377–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office. (2019). Richtig zubereiten - sicher geniessen [Cook properly - enjoy safely]. Retrieved from https://www.blv.admin.ch/blv/de/home/lebensmittel-und-ernaehrung/lebensmittelsicherheit/krankheitserreger-und-hygiene/hygiene.html
   Google Scholar
• Swiss Statistics. (2019). Bevölkerungsstand und -entwicklung [Population size and developement]. Retrieved from https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/stand-entwicklung.html
   Google Scholar
• Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, USA: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Taché, J., & Carpentier, B. (2014). Hygiene in the home kitchen: Changes in behaviour and impact of key microbiological hazard control measures. Food Control, 35(1), 392–400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuong, W., Larsen, E. R., & Armstrong, A. W. (2014). Videos to influence: A systematic review of effectiveness of video-based education in modifying health behaviors. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 218–233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-012-9480-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Ark, L. A. (2007). Mokken scale analysis in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 20(11), 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Ark, L. A. (2012). New developments in Mokken scale analysis in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(5), 1–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rijn, M., Haverkate, M., Achterberg, P., & Timen, A. (2019). The public uptake of information about antibiotic resistance in the Netherlands. Public Understanding of Science, 28(4), 486–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schuur, W. H. (2003). Mokken scale analysis: Between the Guttman scale and parametric item response theory. Political Analysis, 11(2), 139–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visschers, V. H., Meertens, R. M., Passchier, W. W., & De Vries, N. N. (2009). Probability information in risk communication: A review of the research literature. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 29(2), 267–287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, T., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., & Michie, S. (2010). Using the internet to promote health behavior change: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of theoretical basis, use of behavior change techniques, and mode of delivery on efficacy. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(1), e4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein, N. D. (1989). Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science, 246(4935), 1232–1234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2008). Foodborne disease outbreaks: guidelines for investigation and control. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43771
   Google Scholar
• Wiedemann, A. U., Lippke, S., Reuter, T., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Schwarzer, R. (2011). How planning facilitates behaviour change: Additive and interactive effects of a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(1), 42–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang, Y., Li, F., Dong, N., Tian, S., Zhang, H., Du, X., … Xie, J. (2020). Investigation of a salmonellosis outbreak caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, I., & Waddell, L. (2016). Barriers and facilitators to safe food handling among consumers: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative research studies. PLoS ONE, 11(12), e0167695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar