Pertussis in infants less than 6 months of age and household contacts, Italy, April 2014

References

• Wiley KE, Zuo Y, Macartney KK, McIntyre PB. Sources of pertussis infection in young infants: a review of key evidence informing targeting of the cocoon strategy. Vaccine 2013; 31:618-25; PMID:23200883; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattoo S, Cherry JD. Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella subspecies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005; 18:326-82; PMID:15831828; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantey JB, Sánchez PJ, Tran J, Chung W, Siegel JD. Pertussis: a persistent cause of morbidity and mortality in young infants. J Pediatr 2014; 164:1489-92.e1; PMID:24565424; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.023
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tatti KM, Sparks KN, Boney KO, Tondella ML. Novel multitarget real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of Bordetella species in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:4059-66; PMID:21940464; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00601-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rota MC, D'Ancona F, Massari M, Mandolini D, Giammanco A, Carbonari P, et al. How increased pertussis vaccination coverage is changing the epidemiology of pertussis in Italy. Vaccine 2005; 23:5299-305; PMID:16112254; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonfiantini M, Carloni E, Gesualdo F, Pandolfi E, Agricola E, Rizzuto E, Iannazzo S, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Villani A, Tozzi AE. Epidemiology of pertussis in Italy: Disease trends over the last century. Euro Surveill 2014;19(40):pii=20921;20921; PMID: 25323077 http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20921
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mastrantonio P, Spigaglia P, van Oirschot H, van der Heide HG, Heuvelman K, Stefanelli P, Mooi FR. Antigenic variants in Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Microbiology 1999; 145 ( Pt 8): 2069-75; PMID:10463173; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/13500872-145-8-2069
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fry NK, Neal S, Harrison TG, Miller E, Matthews R, George RC. Genotypic variation in the Bordetella pertussis virulence factors pertactin and pertussis toxin in historical and recent clinical isolates in the United Kingdom. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5520-8; PMID:11500425; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.9.5520-5528.2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooi FR, van Oirschot H, Heuvelman K, van der Heide HG, Gaastra W, Willems RJ. Polymorphism in the Bordetella pertussis virulence factors P.69/pertactin and pertussis toxin in The Netherlands: temporal trends and evidence for vaccine-driven evolution. Infect Immun 1998; 66:670-5; PMID:9453625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouls LM, van der Heide HG, Vauterin L, Vauterin P, Mooi FR. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of Dutch Bordetella pertussis strains reveals rapid genetic changes with clonal expansion during the late 1990s. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:5496-505; PMID:15292152; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.16.5496-5505.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry NK, Duncan J, Wagner K, Tzivra O, Doshi N, Litt DJ, et al. Role of PCR in the diagnosis of pertussis infection in infants: 5 years' experience of provision of a same-day real-time PCR service in England and Wales from 2002 to 2007. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:1023-9; PMID:19528165; http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.009878-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolai A, Nenna R, Stefanelli P, Carannante A, Schiavariello C, Pierangeli A, et al. Bordetella pertussis in infants hospitalized for acute respiratory symptoms remains a concern. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:526; PMID: 24209790; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-13-526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisgard KM, Pascual FB, Ehresmann KR, Miller CA, Cianfrini C, Jennings CE, Rebmann CA, Gabel J, Schauer SL, Lett SM. Infant pertussis: who was the source? Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23:985-9; PMID:15545851; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000145263.37198.2b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiso N. Bordetella pertussis: why is it still circulating? J Infect 2014; 68 Suppl 1: S119-24; PMID:24103807; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2013.09.022
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Octavia S, Sintchenko V, Gilbert GL, Lawrence A, Keil AD, Hogg G, Lan R. Newly emerging clones of Bordetella pertussis carrying prn2 and ptxP3 alleles implicated in Australian pertussis epidemic in 2008-2010. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:1220-4; PMID:22416243; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallonen T, Mertsola J, Mooi FR, He Q. Rapid detection of the recently emerged Bordetella pertussis strains with the ptxP3 pertussis toxin promoter allele by real-time PCR. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E377-9; PMID:22909320; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.04000.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden KE, Williams MM, Cassiday PK, Milton A, Pawloski L, Harrison M, Martin SW, Meyer S, Qin X, DeBolt C, et al. Molecular epidemiology of the pertussis epidemic in Washington State in 2012. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3549-57; PMID:25031439; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01189-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urwyler P, Heininger U. Protecting newborns from pertussis - the challenge of complete cocooning. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:397; PMID: 25037057; http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar