Reduction in Neisseria meningitidis infection in Italy after Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine introduction: A time trend analysis of 1994–2012 series

References

• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases in Europe, 2012. Stockholm: ECDC; 2015
   Google Scholar
• Trotter C, Samuelsson S, Perrocheau A, de Greeff S, de Melker H, Heuberger S, Ramsay M. Ascertainment of meningococcal disease in Europe. Euro Surveill. 2005; 10(12):pii=586. Available from: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=586
   Google Scholar
• Stroffolini T, Congiu ME, Occhionero M. Meningococcal disease in Italy. J Infect. 1989; 19(1):69-74; PMID:2506286; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-4453(89)94980-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroffolini T, Curianó CM, Congiu ME. Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy 1987. Public Health. 1989; 103(1):31-4; PMID:2498968; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(89)80099-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroffolini T, Carbonari P. Meningococcal disease in Italy in 1989. Eur J Epidemiol. 1992; 8(1):114-6; PMID:1572418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroffolini T, Carbonari P. Meningococcal disease in Italy in 1990. Microbiologica. 1991; 14(4):333-6; PMID:1775089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmaso S, Mastrantonio P, Scuderi G. Pattern of bacterial meningitis in Italy, 1994. Eur J Epidemiol. 1997; 13(3):317-21; PMID:9258531; http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007303502274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Italian National Institute of Health. National Centre for Epidemiology Surveillance and Health Promotion. Invasive bacterial diseases (meningitis and sepsis), Epidemiological aspects. Available from: http://www.epicentro.iss.it/problemi/meningiti/EpidItalia.asp
   Google Scholar
• Italian Ministry of Health. National Vaccination Prevention Plan 2012-2014. Available from: http://www.salute.gov.it/imgs/c_17_pubblicazioni_1721_allegato.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Italian National Institute of Health. Infectious Diseases Information System. Surveillance data on invasive bacterial diseases Updated on April 10, 2013. Available from: http://www.simi.iss.it/dati.htm
   Google Scholar
• Gryniewicz O, Kolbusz J, Rosinska M, Zielinski A, Stefanoff P. Epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis and changes in the surveillance system in Poland, 1970–2006. Euro Surveill. 2007; 12(5):pii=707. Available from http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=707
   Google Scholar
• Trotter CL, Ramsay ME. Vaccination against meningococcal disease in Europe: review and recommendations for the use of conjugate vaccines. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2007; 31:101-7; PMID:17168998; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00053.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connolly M, Noah N. Is group C meningococcal disease increasing in Europe? A report of surveillance of meningococcal infection in Europe 1993-6. European Meningitis Surveillance Group. Epidemiol Infect. 1999; 122(1):41-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268898001848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooney JD, Christie P, Robertson C, Clarke SC. The Impact of Meningococcal Serogroup C Conjugate Vaccine in Scotland. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39(3):349-56; PMID:15307001; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421947
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cano R, Larrauri A, Mateo S, Alcalá B, Salcedo C, Vázquez JA. Impact of the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in Spain: an epidemiological and microbiological decision. Euro Surveill. 2004; 9(7):pii=474. Available from http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=474
   Google Scholar
• Balmer P, Borrow R, Miller E. Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the UK. J Med Microbiol. 2002; 51(9):717-22; PMID:12358061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrauri A, Cano R, Mateo S. Impact and effectiveness of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine following its introduction in Spain. Vaccine. 2005; 23(32):4097-100; PMID:15908059; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trotter CL, Andrews NJ, Kaczmarski EB, Miller E, Ramsay ME. Effectiveness of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine 4 years after introduction. Lancet. 2004; 364(9431):365-7; PMID:15276396; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16725-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kafetzis DA, Stamboulidis KN, Tzanakaki G, Kourea KJ, Skevaki CL, Konstantopoulos A. Meningococcal group C disease in Greece during 1993–2006: the impact of an unofficial single-dose vaccination scheme adopted by most paediatricians. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007; 13:550-2; PMID:17378929; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01704.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kriz P, Kriz B, Svandova E, Musilek M. Antimeningococcal herd immunity in the Czech Republic – influence of an emerging clone, Neisseria meningitidis ET-15/37. Epidemiol Infect. 1999; 123:193-200; PMID:10579437; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095026889900285X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellenbrand W, Elias J, Wichmann O, Dehnert M, Frosch M, Vogel U. Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in Germany, 2002-2010, and impact of vaccination with meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. J Infect. 2013; 66(1):48-56; PMID:23043893; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2012.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascucci MG, Di Gregori V, Frasca G, Rucci P, Finarelli AC, Moschella L, Borrini BM, Cavrini F, Liguori G, Sambri V, et al. Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccination campaign in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014; 10(3):671-6; PMID:24384537; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechini A, Levi M, Boccalini S, Tiscione E, Balocchini E, Canessa C, Azzari C, Bonanni P. Impact on disease incidence of a routine universal and catch-up vaccination strategy against Neisseria meningitidis C in Tuscany, Italy. Vaccine. 2012; 30:6396-01; PMID:22921931; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bijlsma MW, Bekker V, Brouwer MC, Spanjaard L, van de Beek D, van der Ende A. Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands, 1960–2012: an analysis of national surveillance data. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 14:805-12; PMID:25104306; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70806-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrido-Estepa M, León-Gómez I, Herruzo R, Cano R. Changes in meningococcal C epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness after vaccine introduction and schedule modification. Vaccine. 2014; 32(22):2604-9; PMID:24662700; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CNESPS. Dati e evidenze disponibili per l'introduzione della vaccinazione anti-meningococco B nei nuovi nati e negli adolescenti. Available from: http://www.epicentro.iss.it/temi/vaccinazioni/pdf/Istruttoria%20MENINGOCOCCO%20B.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Maiden MC, Ibarz-Pavón AB, Urwin R, Gray SJ, Andrews NJ, Clarke SC, Walker AM, Evans MR, Kroll JS, Neal KR, et al. Impact of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines on carriage and herd immunity. J Infect Dis. 2008; 197(5):737-43; PMID:18271745; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/527401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiden MC, Stuart JM. Carriage of serogroup C meningococci 1 year after meningococcal C conjugate polysaccharide vaccine. Lancet. 2002; 359:1829-31; PMID:12044380; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08679-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay ME, Andrews NJ, Trotter CL, Kaczmarski EB, Miller E. Herd immunity from meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccination in England: database analysis. BMJ. 2003; 326:365-6; PMID:12586669; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7385.365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell H, Andrews N, Borrow R, Trotter C, Miller E. Updated Postlicensure Surveillance of the Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccine in England and Wales: Effectiveness, Validation of Serological Correlates of Protection, and Modeling Predictions of the Duration of Herd Immunity. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 17(5):840-7
   Google Scholar
• Hepkema H, Pouwels KB, van der Ende A, Westra TA, Postma MJ. Meningococcal Serogroup A, C, W135 and Y Conjugated Vaccine: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in the Netherlands. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(5): e65036; PMID:23741448; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0065036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell H, Borrow R, Salisbury D, Miller E. Meningococcal C conjugate vaccine: The experience in England and Wales. Vaccine. 2009; 27(Suppl 2B):20-9; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Törös B, Thulin Hedberg S, Jacobsson S, Fredlund H, Olcén P, Mölling P. Surveillance of invasive Neisseria meningitidis with a serogroup Y update, Sweden 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveill. 2014; 19(42). pii: 20940
   Google Scholar
• Maiden MC J, MacLennan JM. Fifteen Years of Protection by Meningococcal C Conjugate Vaccines: Lessons From Disease Surveillance. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 59(9):1222-4; PMID:25069870; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trucchi C, Zoppi G. Invasive bacterial diseases: national surveillance in Italy and vaccination coverage in the Local Health Agency 4 “Chiavarese”, Liguria region (Italy). J Prev Med Hyg. 2012; 53(2):120-4; PMID:23240174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gruppo di lavoro ICONA. ICONA 2008: Indagine di COpertura vaccinale NAzionale nei bambini e negli adolescenti. Roma: Istituto Superiore di Sanità; 2009. (Rapporti ISTISAN 09/29). Available from: http://www.iss.it/binary/publ/cont/09_29_web.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gossger N, Snape MD, Yu LM, Finn A, Bona G, Esposito S, Principi N, Diez-Domingo J, Sokal E, Becker B, et al. European Men Vaccine Study Group. Immunogenicity and tolerability of recombinant serogroup B meningococcal vaccine administered with or without routine infant vaccinations according to different immunization schedules: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012; 307(6):573-82; PMID:22318278; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Italian National Institute of Health. National protocol for the surveillance of meningococcal, pneumococcal and haemophilus invasive disease, 2007. Available from: http://www.epicentro.iss.it/problemi/meningiti/pdf/Protocollo_sorveglianza_MIB_14.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities. Commission Decision of 28 April 2008 amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the Europe Union, 08.06.2008. Available from: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:159:0046:0090:EN:PDF
   Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities. Commission Implementing Decision 2012/506/EU of 8 August 2012pdf amending Decision 2002/253/EC laying down case definitions for reporting communicable diseases to the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal of the Europe Union, 27.9.2012. Available from: eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:262:0001:0057:EN:PDF
   Google Scholar
• Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ, Douglas NM. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med. 2001; 19(3):335-51; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3%3c335::AID-SIM336%3e3.0.CO;2-Z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altham PM. Introduction to R (orS-Plus) for generalized linear modelling. Cambridge University; 2013
   Google Scholar
• Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. Regression analysis of count data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998
   Google Scholar
• Zef E. Poisson regression analysis. In: Ebrahim GJ, Research Methods II: Multivariate Analysis. Oxford: Book-Aid; 1999
   Google Scholar