Progress in HIV vaccine development

References

• UNAIDS. Gobal AIDS update 2016. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS); 2016 (accessed 11 Feb 2017); available at: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/global-AIDS-update-2016-en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global update on HIV treatment 2013: Results, impact and opportunities. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2013 (accessed 11 Feb 2017); available at: http://apps.who.int.iris/bitstream/10665/85326/1/9789241505734_eng.pdf?ua=1
   Google Scholar
• Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, et al. Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:493-505; PMID:21767103; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1105243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, McMahan V, Liu AY, Vargas L, Goicochea P, Casapía M, Guanira-Carranza JV, Ramirez-Cardich ME, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:2587-99; PMID:21091279; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1011205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, Mugo NR, Campbell JD, Wangisi J, Tappero JW, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Katabira E, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:399-410; PMID:22784037; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1108524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finzi D, Blankson J, Siliciano JD, Margolick JB, Chadwick K, Pierson T, Smith K, Lisziewicz J, Lori F, Flexner C, et al. Latent infection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nat Med 1999; 5:512-7; PMID:10229227; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/8394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siliciano JD, Kajdas J, Finzi D, Quinn TC, Chadwick K, Margolick JB, Kovacs C, Gange SJ, Siliciano RF. Long-term follow-up studies confirm the stability of the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells. Nat Med 2003; 9:727-8; PMID:12754504; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granich R, Gupta S, Montaner J, Williams B, Zuniga JM. Pattern, determinants, and impact of hiv spending on care and treatment in 38 high-burden low- and middle-income countries. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2016; 15:91-100; PMID:26715490; http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957415623261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• UNAIDS. The Gap Report. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS); 2014 (accessed 11 Feb 2017); available at: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media-asset/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Ross AL, Ananworanich J, Benkirane M, Cannon P, Chomont N, Douek D, Lifson JD, Lo YR, et al. International AIDS Society global scientific strategy: towards an HIV cure 2016. Nat Med 2016; 22:839-50; PMID:27400264; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.4108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegfried N, van der Merwe L, Brocklehurst P, Sint TT. Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 7:CD003510.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, et al. Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:830-9; PMID:27424812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okwundu CI, Uthman OA, Okoromah CA. Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV in high-risk individuals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 7:CD007189; PMID:22786505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack S, Dunn DT, Desai M, Dolling DI, Gafos M, Gilson R, Sullivan AK, Clarke A, Reeves I, Schembri G, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomised trial. Lancet 2016; 387:53-60; PMID:26364263; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00056-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford N, Shubber Z, Calmy A, Irvine C, Rapparini C, Ajose O, Beanland RL, Vitoria M, Doherty M, Mayer KH, et al. Choice of antiretroviral drugs for postexposure prophylaxis for adults and adolescents: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 60(Suppl 3):S170-6; PMID:25972499; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doblecki-Lewis S, Cohen S, Liu A. Clinical treatment options infectious diseases: update on PrEP implementation, adherence, and advances in delivery. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis 2015; 7:101-12; PMID:25931990; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40506-015-0046-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fauci AS, Marston HD. Ending AIDS–is an HIV vaccine necessary? N Engl J Med 2014; 370:495-8; PMID:24499210; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1313771
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon TM, Fisher KA, McGlynn MG, Stover J, Warren MJ, Teng Y, Näveke A. Exploring the potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of AIDS vaccine within a comprehensive HIV/AIDS response in low- and middle-income countries. PloS one 2016; 11:e0146387; PMID:26731116; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantaleo G, Koup RA. Correlates of immune protection in HIV-1 infection: what we know, what we don't know, what we should know. Nat Med 2004; 10:806-10; PMID:15286782; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0804-806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston MI, Fauci AS. HIV vaccine development–improving on natural immunity. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:873-5; PMID:21899447; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1107621
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letvin NL. Progress and obstacles in the development of an AIDS vaccine. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6:930-9; PMID:17124514; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korber B, Gaschen B, Yusim K, Thakallapally R, Kesmir C, Detours V. Evolutionary and immunological implications of contemporary HIV-1 variation. Br Med Bull 2001; 58:19-42; PMID:11714622; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bmb/58.1.19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaschen B, Taylor J, Yusim K, Foley B, Gao F, Lang D, Novitsky V, Haynes B, Hahn BH, Bhattacharya T, et al. Diversity considerations in HIV-1 vaccine selection. Science 2002; 296:2354-60; PMID:12089434; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1070441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plotkin SA. Vaccines: correlates of vaccine-induced immunity. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:401-9; PMID:18558875; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/589862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur A, Pedersen LE, Jungersen G. Immune markers and correlates of protection for vaccine induced immune responses. Vaccine 2012; 30:4907-20; PMID:22658928; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman PW, Gregory TJ, Riddle L, Nakamura GR, Champe MA, Porter JP, Wurm FM, Hershberg RD, Cobb EK, Eichberg JW. Protection of chimpanzees from infection by HIV-1 after vaccination with recombinant glycoprotein gp120 but not gp160. Nature 1990; 345:622-5; PMID:2190095; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345622a0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• el-Amad Z, Murthy KK, Higgins K, Cobb EK, Haigwood NL, Levy JA, Steimer KS. Resistance of chimpanzees immunized with recombinant gp120SF2 to challenge by HIV-1SF2. AIDS 1995; 9:1313-22; PMID:8605050; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199512000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman PW, Murthy KK, Wrin T, Vennari JC, Cobb EK, Eastman DJ, Champe M, Nakamura GR, Davison D, Powell MF, et al. Protection of MN-rgp120-immunized chimpanzees from heterologous infection with a primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:52-9; PMID:8537682; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/173.1.52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitisuttithum P, Gilbert P, Gurwith M, Heyward W, Martin M, van Griensven F, Hu D, Tappero JW, Choopanya K, Bangkok Vaccine Evaluation Group. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:1661-71; PMID:17109337; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/508748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn NM, Forthal DN, Harro CD, Judson FN, Mayer KH, Para MF, rgp120 HIV Vaccine Study Group. Placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:654-65; PMID:15688278; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert PB, Peterson ML, Follmann D, Hudgens MG, Francis DP, Gurwith M, Heyward WL, Jobes DV, Popovic V, Self SG, et al. Correlation between immunologic responses to a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine and incidence of HIV-1 infection in a phase 3 HIV-1 preventive vaccine trial. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:666-77; PMID:15688279; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/428405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forthal DN, Gilbert PB, Landucci G, Phan T. Recombinant gp120 vaccine-induced antibodies inhibit clinical strains of HIV-1 in the presence of Fc receptor-bearing effector cells and correlate inversely with HIV infection rate. J Immunol 2007; 178:6596-603; PMID:17475891; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiver JW, Fu TM, Chen L, Casimiro DR, Davies ME, Evans RK, Zhang ZQ, Simon AJ, Trigona WL, Dubey SA, Irwin CE, Safrit JT, Mittler J, Weinberger L, et al. Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity. Nature 2002; 415:331-5; PMID:11797011; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415331a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin X, Bauer DE, Tuttleton SE, Lewin S, Gettie A, Blanchard J, Irwin CE, Safrit JT, Mittler J, Weinberger L, et al. Dramatic rise in plasma viremia after CD8(+) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Exp Med 1999; 189:991-8; PMID:10075982; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.189.6.991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Santra S, Sasseville VG, Simon MA, Lifton MA, Racz P, Tenner-Racz K, Dalesandro M, Scallon BJ, et al. Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes. Science 1999; 283:857-60; PMID:9933172; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5403.857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein MR, van Baalen CA, Holwerda AM, Kerkhof Garde SR, Bende RJ, Keet IP, Eeftinck-Schattenkerk JK, Osterhaus AD, Schuitemaker H, Miedema F. Kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics. J Exp Med 1995; 181:1365-72; PMID:7699324; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.4.1365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emu B, Sinclair E, Hatano H, Ferre A, Shacklett B, Martin JN, McCune JM, Deeks SG. HLA class I-restricted T-cell responses may contribute to the control of human immunodeficiency virus infection, but such responses are not always necessary for long-term virus control. J Virol 2008; 82:5398-407; PMID:18353945; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02176-07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altfeld M, Kalife ET, Qi Y, Streeck H, Lichterfeld M, Johnston MN, Burgett N, Swartz ME, Yang A, Alter G, et al. HLA alleles associated with delayed progression to AIDS contribute strongly to the initial CD8(+) T cell response against HIV-1. PLoS Med 2006; 3:e403; PMID:17076553; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchbinder SP, Mehrotra DV, Duerr A, Fitzgerald DW, Mogg R, Li D, Gilbert PB, Lama JR, Marmor M, Del Rio C, et al. Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial. Lancet 2008; 372:1881-93; PMID:19012954; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61591-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElrath MJ, De Rosa SC, Moodie Z, Dubey S, Kierstead L, Janes H, Defawe OD, Carter DK, Hural J, Akondy R, et al. HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity in the test-of-concept Step Study: a case-cohort analysis. Lancet 2008; 372:1894-905; PMID:19012957; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61592-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland M, Tovanabutra S, deCamp AC, Frahm N, Gilbert PB, Sanders-Buell E, Heath L, Magaret CA, Bose M, Bradfield A, et al. Genetic impact of vaccination on breakthrough HIV-1 sequences from the STEP trial. Nat Med 2011; 17:366-71; PMID:21358627; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.2316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray GE, Allen M, Moodie Z, Churchyard G, Bekker LG, Nchabeleng M, Mlisana K, Metch B, de Bruyn G, Latka MH, et al. Safety and efficacy of the HVTN 503/Phambili study of a clade-B-based HIV-1 vaccine in South Africa: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled test-of-concept phase 2b study. Lancet Infect Dis 2011; 11:507-15; PMID:21570355; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70098-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kaewkungwal J, Chiu J, Paris R, Premsri N, Namwat C, de Souza M, Adams E, et al. Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:2209-20; PMID:19843557; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0908492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Karnasuta C, Eamsila C, de Souza M, Morgan P, Polonis V, Benenson M, VanCott T, Ratto-Kim S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV subtype B and E prime-boost vaccine combination in HIV-negative Thai adults. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:702-6; PMID:15272397; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/422258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu S. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:346-51; PMID:19500964; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robb ML, Rerks-Ngarm S, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Kaewkungwal J, Kunasol P, Khamboonruang C, Thongcharoen P, Morgan P, Benenson M, et al. Risk behaviour and time as covariates for efficacy of the HIV vaccine regimen ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) and AIDSVAX B/E: a post-hoc analysis of the Thai phase 3 efficacy trial RV 144. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 12:531-7; PMID:22652344; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70088-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montefiori DC, Karnasuta C, Huang Y, Ahmed H, Gilbert P, de Souza MS, McLinden R, Tovanabutra S, Laurence-Chenine A, Sanders-Buell E, et al. Magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response in the RV144 and Vax003 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:431-41; PMID:22634875; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes BF, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Zolla-Pazner S, Tomaras GD, Alam SM, Evans DT, Montefiori DC, Karnasuta C, Sutthent R, et al. Immune-correlates analysis of an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1275-86; PMID:22475592; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1113425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasan S, Rerks-Ngarm S, Gilbert P, Haynes B, Nitayapan S, Pitisuttihum P, Kaewkungwal J, Excler JL, Robb M, Michael N, et al. Letter to the Editor on: The RV144 vaccine regimen was not associated with enhancement of infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:1036-7; PMID:25746053; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1010970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connell RJ, Excler JL. HIV vaccine efficacy and immune correlates of risk. Curr HIV Res 2013; 11:450-63; PMID:24033301; http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X113116660052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corey L, Gilbert PB, Tomaras GD, Haynes BF, Pantaleo G, Fauci AS. Immune correlates of vaccine protection against HIV-1 acquisition. Sci Translat Med 2015; 7:310rv7; PMID:26491081; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aac7732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JH, Excler JL, Michael NL. Lessons from the RV144 Thai phase III HIV-1 vaccine trial and the search for correlates of protection. Annu Rev Med 2015; 66:423-37; PMID:25341006; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-052912-123749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland M, Edlefsen PT, Larsen BB, Tovanabutra S, Sanders-Buell E, Hertz T, deCamp AC, Carrico C, Menis S, Magaret CA, et al. Increased HIV-1 vaccine efficacy against viruses with genetic signatures in Env V2. Nature 2012; 490:417-20; PMID:22960785; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolla-Pazner S, deCamp AC, Cardozo T, Karasavvas N, Gottardo R, Williams C, Morris DE, Tomaras G, Rao M, Billings E, et al. Analysis of V2 antibody responses induced in vaccinees in the ALVAC/AIDSVAX HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial. PloS one 2013; 8:e53629; PMID:23349725; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao HX, Bonsignori M, Alam SM, McLellan JS, Tomaras GD, Moody MA, Kozink DM, Hwang KK, Chen X, Tsao CY, et al. Vaccine induction of antibodies against a structurally heterogeneous site of immune pressure within HIV-1 envelope protein variable regions 1 and 2. Immunity 2013; 38:176-86; PMID:23313589; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung AW, Ghebremichael M, Robinson H, Brown E, Choi I, Lane S, Dugast AS, Schoen MK, Rolland M, Suscovich TJ, et al. Polyfunctional Fc-effector profiles mediated by IgG subclass selection distinguish RV144 and VAX003 vaccines. Sci Translat Med 2014; 6:228ra38; PMID:24648341; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3007736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tay MZ, Liu P, Williams LD, McRaven MD, Sawant S, Gurley TC, Xu TT, Dennison SM, Liao HX, Chenine AL, et al. Antibody-Mediated Internalization of Infectious HIV-1 Virions Differs among Antibody Isotypes and Subclasses. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005817; PMID:27579713; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates NL, Liao HX, Fong Y, deCamp A, Vandergrift NA, Williams WT, Alam SM, Ferrari G, Yang ZY, Seaton KE, et al. Vaccine-induced Env V1-V2 IgG3 correlates with lower HIV-1 infection risk and declines soon after vaccination. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:228ra39; PMID:24648342; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3007730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez LG, Martinez D, deCamp AC, Pinter A, Berman PW, Francis D, Sinangil F, Lee C, Greene K, Gao H, et al. V1V2-specific complement activating antibodies as a correlate of HIV-1 infection risk in RV144. In submission 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Liu P, Yates NL, Shen X, Bonsignori M, Moody MA, Liao HX, Fong Y, Alam SM, Overman RG, Denny T, et al. Infectious virion capture by HIV-1 gp120-specific IgG from RV144 vaccinees. J Virol 2013; 87:7828-36; PMID:23658446; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02737-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahrbach KM, Malykhina O, Stieh DJ, Hope TJ. Differential binding of IgG and IgA to mucus of the female reproductive tract. PloS one 2013; 8:e76176; PMID:24098437; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn BM, Schneider JR, Shansab M, Bastian AR, Fahrbach KM, Smith AD, Mahan AE, Karim MM, Licht AF, Zvonar I, et al. Enhanced binding of antibodies generated during chronic HIV infection to mucus component MUC16. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1549-58; PMID:26960182; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mi.2016.8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su B, Moog C. Which antibody functions are important for an HIV vaccine? Front Immunol 2014; 5:289; PMID:24995008; http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00289
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forthal D, Hope TJ, Alter G. New paradigms for functional HIV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2013; 8:393-401; PMID:23924999; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/COH.0b013e328363d486
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomaras GD, Ferrari G, Shen X, Alam SM, Liao HX, Pollara J, Bonsignori M, Moody MA, Fong Y, Chen X, et al. Vaccine-induced plasma IgA specific for the C1 region of the HIV-1 envelope blocks binding and effector function of IgG. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:9019-24; PMID:23661056; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301456110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer SM, Sobieszczyk ME, Janes H, Karuna ST, Mulligan MJ, Grove D, Koblin BA, Buchbinder SP, Keefer MC, Tomaras GD, et al. Efficacy trial of a DNA/rAd5 HIV-1 preventive vaccine. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2083-92; PMID:24099601; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1310566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolla-Pazner S. A critical question for HIV vaccine development: which antibodies to induce? Science 2014; 345:167-8; PMID:25013066; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1256526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson KE, D'Couto HT, Barouch DH. New concepts in HIV-1 vaccine development. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 41:39-46; PMID:27268856; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2016.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safrit JT, Fast PE, Gieber L, Kuipers H, Dean HJ, Koff WC. Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for HIV-1. Vaccine 2016; 34:2921-5; PMID:26993335; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton DR, Hangartner L. Broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV and their role in vaccine design. Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 34:635-59; PMID:27168247; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadanand S, Suscovich TJ, Alter G. Broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV: new insights to inform vaccine design. Annu Rev Med 2016; 67:185-200; PMID:26565674; http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-091014-090749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson KE, Barouch DH. Broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV eradication. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2016; 13:31-7; PMID:26841901; http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-016-0299-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simek MD, Rida W, Priddy FH, Pung P, Carrow E, Laufer DS, Lehrman JK, Boaz M, Tarragona-Fiol T, Miiro G, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 elite neutralizers: individuals with broad and potent neutralizing activity identified by using a high-throughput neutralization assay together with an analytical selection algorithm. J Virol 2009; 83:7337-48; PMID:19439467; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00110-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doria-Rose NA, Klein RM, Manion MM, O'Dell S, Phogat A, Chakrabarti B, Hallahan CW, Migueles SA, Wrammert J, Ahmed R, et al. Frequency and phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus envelope-specific B cells from patients with broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 2009; 83:188-99; PMID:18922865; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01583-08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sather DN, Armann J, Ching LK, Mavrantoni A, Sellhorn G, Caldwell Z, Yu X, Wood B, Self S, Kalams S, et al. Factors associated with the development of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 2009; 83:757-69; PMID:18987148; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02036-08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hraber P, Seaman MS, Bailer RT, Mascola JR, Montefiori DC, Korber BT. Prevalence of broadly neutralizing antibody responses during chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2014; 28:163-9; PMID:24361678; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landais E, Huang X, Havenar-Daughton C, Murrell B, Price MA, Wickramasinghe L, Ramos A, Bian CB, Simek M, Allen S, et al. Broadly neutralizing antibody responses in a large longitudinal sub-saharan HIV primary infection cohort. PLoS pathogens 2016; 12:e1005369; PMID:26766578; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray ES, Madiga MC, Hermanus T, Moore PL, Wibmer CK, Tumba NL, Werner L, Mlisana K, Sibeko S, Williamson C, et al. The neutralization breadth of HIV-1 develops incrementally over four years and is associated with CD4+ T cell decline and high viral load during acute infection. J Virol 2011; 85:4828-40; PMID:21389135; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00198-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ. Broadly neutralizing antibodies and the search for an HIV-1 vaccine: the end of the beginning. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:693-701; PMID:23969737; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri3516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moldt B, Rakasz EG, Schultz N, Chan-Hui PY, Swiderek K, Weisgrau KL, Piaskowski SM, Bergman Z, Watkins DI, Poignard P, et al. Highly potent HIV-specific antibody neutralization in vitro translates into effective protection against mucosal SHIV challenge in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18921-5; PMID:23100539; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214785109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shingai M, Donau OK, Plishka RJ, Buckler-White A, Mascola JR, Nabel GJ, Nason MC, Montefiori D, Moldt B, Poignard P, et al. Passive transfer of modest titers of potent and broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies block SHIV infection in macaques. J Exp Med 2014; 211:2061-74; PMID:25155019; http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20132494
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudicell RS, Kwon YD, Ko SY, Pegu A, Louder MK, Georgiev IS, Wu X, Zhu J, Boyington JC, Chen X, et al. Enhanced potency of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody in vitro improves protection against lentiviral infection in vivo. J Virol 2014; 88:12669-82; PMID:25142607; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02213-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pegu A, Yang ZY, Boyington JC, Wu L, Ko SY, Schmidt SD, McKee K, Kong WP, Shi W, Chen X, et al. Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 envelope protect more effectively in vivo than those to the CD4 receptor. Sci Translat Med 2014; 6:243ra88; PMID:24990883; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3008992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gautam R, Nishimura Y, Pegu A, Nason MC, Klein F, Gazumyan A, Buckler-White A, Sadjadpour R, Wang K, Mankoff Z, et al. A single injection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies protects against repeated SHIV challenges. Nature 2016; 533:105-9; PMID:27120156; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Ghneim K, Sok D, Bosche WJ, Li Y, Chipriano E, Berkemeier B, Oswald K, Borducchi E, Cabral C, et al. Antibody-mediated protection against SHIV challenge includes systemic clearance of distal virus. Science 2016; 353:1045-9; PMID:27540005; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledgerwood JE, Coates EE, Yamshchikov G, Saunders JG, Holman L, Enama ME, DeZure A, Lynch RM, Gordon I, Plummer S, et al. Safety, pharmacokinetics and neutralization of the broadly neutralizing HIV-1 human monoclonal antibody VRC01 in healthy adults. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:289-301; PMID:26332605; http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cei.12692
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson PR, Schnepp BC, Zhang J, Connell MJ, Greene SM, Yuste E, Desrosiers RC, Clark KR. Vector-mediated gene transfer engenders long-lived neutralizing activity and protection against SIV infection in monkeys. Nat Med 2009; 15:901-6; PMID:19448633; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.1967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balazs AB, Chen J, Hong CM, Rao DS, Yang L, Baltimore D. Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis. Nature 2012; 481:81-4; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balazs AB, Ouyang Y, Hong CM, Chen J, Nguyen SM, Rao DS, An DS, Baltimore D. Vectored immunoprophylaxis protects humanized mice from mucosal HIV transmission. Nat Med 2014; 20:296-300; PMID:24509526; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrareddy SN, Kallam B, Arthos J, Cicala C, Nawaz F, Hiatt J, Kersh EN, McNicholl JM, Hanson D, Reimann KA, et al. Targeting alpha4beta7 integrin reduces mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus and protects gut-associated lymphoid tissue from infection. Nat Med 2014; 20:1397-400; PMID:25419708; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrareddy SN, Arthos J, Cicala C, Villinger F, Ortiz KT, Little D, Sidell N, Kane MA, Yu J, Jones JW, et al. Sustained virologic control in SIV+ macaques after antiretroviral and alpha4beta7 antibody therapy. Science 2016; 354:197-202; PMID:27738167; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag1276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauci AS. An HIV Vaccine: Mapping Uncharted Territory. JAMA 2016; 316:143-4; PMID:27404178; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.7538
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheid JF, Mouquet H, Ueberheide B, Diskin R, Klein F, Oliveira TY, Pietzsch J, Fenyo D, Abadir A, Velinzon K, et al. Sequence and structural convergence of broad and potent HIV antibodies that mimic CD4 binding. Science 2011; 333:1633-7; PMID:21764753; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1207227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker LM, Huber M, Doores KJ, Falkowska E, Pejchal R, Julien JP, Wang SK, Ramos A, Chan-Hui PY, Moyle M, et al. Broad neutralization coverage of HIV by multiple highly potent antibodies. Nature 2011; 477:466-70; PMID:21849977; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton DR, Ahmed R, Barouch DH, Butera ST, Crotty S, Godzik A, Kaufmann DE, McElrath MJ, Nussenzweig MC, Pulendran B, et al. A Blueprint for HIV Vaccine Discovery. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 12:396-407; PMID:23084910; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders RW, Vesanen M, Schuelke N, Master A, Schiffner L, Kalyanaraman R, Paluch M, Berkhout B, Maddon PJ, Olson WC, et al. Stabilization of the soluble, cleaved, trimeric form of the envelope glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 2002; 76:8875-89; PMID:12163607; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.17.8875-8889.2002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders RW, Derking R, Cupo A, Julien JP, Yasmeen A, de Val N, Kim HJ, Blattner C, de la Peña AT, Korzun J, et al. A next-generation cleaved, soluble HIV-1 Env trimer, BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, expresses multiple epitopes for broadly neutralizing but not non-neutralizing antibodies. PLoS pathogens 2013; 9:e1003618; PMID:24068931; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders RW, van Gils MJ, Derking R, Sok D, Ketas TJ, Burger JA, Ozorowski G, Cupo A, Simonich C, Goo L, et al. HIV-1 VACCINES. HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced by native-like envelope trimers. Science 2015; 349:aac4223; PMID:26089353; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong L, He L, de Val N, Vora N, Morris CD, Azadnia P, Sok D, Zhou B, Burton DR, Ward AB, et al. Uncleaved prefusion-optimized gp140 trimers derived from analysis of HIV-1 envelope metastability. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12040; PMID:27349805; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He L, de Val N, Morris CD, Vora N, Thinnes TC, Kong L, Azadnia P, Sok D, Zhou B, Burton DR, et al. Presenting native-like trimeric HIV-1 antigens with self-assembling nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12041; PMID:27349934; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes BF, Kelsoe G, Harrison SC, Kepler TB. B-cell-lineage immunogen design in vaccine development with HIV-1 as a case study. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30:423-33; PMID:22565972; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.2197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine JG, Ota T, Sok D, Pauthner M, Kulp DW, Kalyuzhniy O, Skog PD, Thinnes TC, Bhullar D, Briney B, et al. HIV-1 VACCINES. Priming a broadly neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 using a germline-targeting immunogen. Science 2015; 349:156-61; PMID:26089355; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aac5894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jardine JG, Kulp DW, Havenar-Daughton C, Sarkar A, Briney B, Sok D, Sesterhenn F, Ereño-Orbea J, Kalyuzhniy O, Deresa I, et al. HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody precursor B cells revealed by germline-targeting immunogen. Science 2016; 351:1458-63; PMID:27013733; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aad9195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briney B, Sok D, Jardine JG, Kulp DW, Skog P, Menis S, Jacak R, Kalyuzhniy O, de Val N, Sesterhenn F, et al. Tailored immunogens direct affinity maturation toward HIV neutralizing antibodies. Cell 2016; 166:1459-70 e11; PMID:27610570; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Excler JL, Nitayaphan S, Kaewkungwal J, Premsri N, Kunasol P, Karasavvas N, Schuetz A, Ngauy V, et al. Randomized, double blind evaluation of late boost strategies for HIV-uninfected vaccine recipients in the RV144 HIV vaccine efficacy trial. In submission 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Akapirat S, Karnasuta C, Ngauy V, O'Connell RJ, Pitisuttithum P, Rerks-Ngarm S, Michael NL, De Souza MS, Kim JH, Karasavvas N. Antibody Responses in Anogenital Secretions of RV305 a Late Boost Vaccination of RV144 Volunteers. CROI. Boston, MA, USA, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Akapirat S, Madnote S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Chariyalertsak S, Puangkaew J, Rittiroongrad S, Chantakulkij S, Phogat S, Sinangil F, et al. Characterization of HIV-1 Envelope Antibody Responses Following ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAXB/E Prime-boost Vaccinations with Varying Late Boosts (RV306). HIVR4P. Chicago, IL, USA, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Wieczorek L, Pitisutthithum P, Nitayaphan S, Chariyalertsak S, Kaewkungwal J, Molnar S, Blaskowski S, Schoen J, Gao H, Greene K, et al. Delayed Boost of ALVAC®HIV and AIDSVAX® B/E gp120 Following the RV144 Regimen, Significantly Increases HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Responses. HIVR4P. Chicago, IL, USA, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Akapirat S, Madnote S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Chariyalertsak S, Rittiroongrad S, Puangkaew J, Chantakulkij S, Phogat S, Sinangil F, et al. Characterization of Antibody Responses in Anogenital Secretions of ALVAC-HIV and AIDSVAXB/E Prime-boost Vaccinations with Varying Late Boosts (RV306). HIVR4P. Chicago, IL, USA, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Bekker LG, Laher F, Moodie Z, Tomaras G, Grunenberg N, Allen M, Daniels B, Innes C, Mngadi K, Malahleha M, et al. Meeting the “Go” Criteria: immunogenicity from HVTN100, a phase 1/2 randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of clade C ALVAC-® (vCP2438) and Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59® in HIV-uninfected South African adults. AIDS 2016. Durban, South Africa, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer W, Perkins S, Theiler J, Bhattacharya T, Yusim K, Funkhouser R, Kuiken C, Haynes B, Letvin NL, Walker BD, et al. Polyvalent vaccines for optimal coverage of potential T-cell epitopes in global HIV-1 variants. Nat Med 2007; 13:100-6; PMID:17187074; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouch DH, O'Brien KL, Simmons NL, King SL, Abbink P, Maxfield LF, Sun YH, La Porte A, Riggs AM, Lynch DM, et al. Mosaic HIV-1 vaccines expand the breadth and depth of cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys. Nat Med 2010; 16:319-23; PMID:20173752; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.2089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santra S, Liao HX, Zhang R, Muldoon M, Watson S, Fischer W, Fischer W, Theiler J, Szinger J, Balachandran H. Mosaic vaccines elicit CD8+ T lymphocyte responses that confer enhanced immune coverage of diverse HIV strains in monkeys. Nat Med 2010; 16:324-8; PMID:20173754; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.2108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouch DH, Stephenson KE, Borducchi EN, Smith K, Stanley K, McNally AG, Liu J, Abbink P, Maxfield LF, Seaman MS, et al. Protective efficacy of a global HIV-1 mosaic vaccine against heterologous SHIV challenges in rhesus monkeys. Cell 2013; 155:531-9; PMID:24243013; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouch DH, Alter G, Broge T, Linde C, Ackerman ME, Brown EP, Borducchi EN, Smith KM, Nkolola JP, Liu J, et al. Protective efficacy of adenovirus/protein vaccines against SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys. Science 2015; 349:320-4; PMID:26138104; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewer KJ, Lambe T, Rollier CS, Spencer AJ, Hill AV, Dorrell L. Viral vectors as vaccine platforms: from immunogenicity to impact. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 41:47-54; PMID:27286566; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2016.05.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouch DH, Picker LJ. Novel vaccine vectors for HIV-1. Nat Rev Microbiol 2014; 12:765-71; PMID:25296195; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duerr A, Huang Y, Buchbinder S, Coombs RW, Sanchez J, del Rio C, Casapia M, Santiago S, Gilbert P, Corey L, et al. Extended follow-up confirms early vaccine-enhanced risk of HIV acquisition and demonstrates waning effect over time among participants in a randomized trial of recombinant adenovirus HIV vaccine (Step Study). J Infect Dis 2012; 206:258-66; PMID:22561365; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benlahrech A, Harris J, Meiser A, Papagatsias T, Hornig J, Hayes P, Lieber A, Athanasopoulos T, Bachy V, Csomor E, et al. Adenovirus vector vaccination induces expansion of memory CD4 T cells with a mucosal homing phenotype that are readily susceptible to HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:19940-5; PMID:19918060; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907898106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Souza MP, Yang OO. Adenovirus vectors as HIV-1 vaccines: where are we? What next? AIDS 2015; 29:395-400; PMID:25630039; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000000548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouch DH, Kik SV, Weverling GJ, Dilan R, King SL, Maxfield LF, Clark S, Ng'ang'a D, Brandariz KL, Abbink P, et al. International seroepidemiology of adenovirus serotypes 5, 26, 35, and 48 in pediatric and adult populations. Vaccine 2011; 29:5203-9; PMID:21619905; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden LR, Walsh SR, Seaman MS, Tucker RP, Krause KH, Patel A, Johnson JA, Kleinjan J, Yanosick KE, Perry J, et al. First-in-human evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 HIV-1 Env vaccine (IPCAVD 001). J Infect Dis 2013; 207:240-7; PMID:23125444; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis670
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barouch DH, Liu J, Peter L, Abbink P, Iampietro MJ, Cheung A, Alter G, Chung A, Dugast AS, Frahm N, et al. Characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 HIV-1 Env vaccine in healthy adults (IPCAVD 001). J Infect Dis 2013; 207:248-56; PMID:23125443; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keefer MC, Gilmour J, Hayes P, Gill D, Kopycinski J, Cheeseman H, Cashin-Cox M, Naarding M, Clark L, Fernandez N, et al. A phase I double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of a multigenic HIV-1 adenovirus subtype 35 vector vaccine in healthy uninfected adults. PloS one 2012; 7:e41936; PMID:22870265; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden LR, Karita E, Mutua G, Bekker LG, Gray G, Page-Shipp L, Walsh SR, Nyombayire J, Anzala O, Roux S, et al. Assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of 2 novel vaccine platforms for HIV-1 prevention: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2016; 164:313-22; PMID:26833336; http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M15-0880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaydos CA, Gaydos JC. Adenovirus vaccines in the U.S. military. Mil Med 1995; 160:300-4; PMID:7659229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen SG, Ford JC, Lewis MS, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Coyne-Johnson L, Whizin N, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Swanson T, et al. Profound early control of highly pathogenic SIV by an effector memory T-cell vaccine. Nature 2011; 473:523-7; PMID:21562493; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen SG, Piatak M, Jr., Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Gilbride RM, Ford JC, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Li Y, Lewis MS, et al. Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection. Nature 2013; 502:100-4; PMID:24025770; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnell D, Hughes JP, Fleming TR. Challenges in the design of HIV prevention trials in the United States. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 2010; 55(Suppl 2):S136-40; PMID:21406984; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181fbcb61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janes H, Gilbert P, Buchbinder S, Kublin J, Sobieszczyk ME, Hammer SM. In pursuit of an HIV vaccine: designing efficacy trials in the context of partially effective nonvaccine prevention modalities. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013; 29:1513-23; PMID:23597282; http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2012.0385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar