Cell-based immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells: From preparation and testing to clinical application

References

• Schmidt TL, Negrin RS, Contag CH. A killer choice for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Res 2014; 58:300-6; PMID:24791943; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-014-8507-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesiano G, Todorovic M, Gammaitoni L, Leuci V, Giraudo Diego L, Carnevale-Schianca F, Fagioli F, Piacibello W, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as feasible and effective adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12(6):673-84; PMID:22500889; https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2012.675323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elia A, Circosta P, SangiSSSolo D, Bonini C, Gammaitoni L, Mastaglio S, Genovese P, Geuna M, Avolio F, Inghirami G, et al. Cytokine-induced killer cells engineered with exogenous T-cell receptors directed against melanoma antigens: enhanced efficacy of effector cells endowed with a double mechanism of tumor recognition. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26(4):220-31; PMID:25758764; https://doi.org/10.1089/hum.2014.112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanon C, Stocchero M, Albiero E, Castegnaro S, Chieregato K, Madeo D, Rodeghiero F, Astori G. Multivariate statistical data analysis as a tool to analyze ex vivo expansion dynamics of cytokine-induced killer cells. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2014; 86(4):257-62; PMID:24002818; https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.b.21124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Wolf IG, Negrin RS, Kiem HP, Blume KG, Weissman IL. Use of a SCID mouse/human lymphoma model to evaluate cytokine-induced killer cells with potent antitumor cell activity. J Exp Med 1991; 174(1):139-49; PMID:1711560; https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.174.1.139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu PH, Negrin RS. A novel population of expanded human CD3+CD56+ cells derived from T cells with potent in vivo antitumor activity in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. J Immunol 1994; 153(4):1687-96; PMID:7519209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorne SH, Negrin RS, Contag CH. Synergistic antitumor effects of immune cell-viral biotherapy. Science 2006; 311:1780-4; PMID:16556847; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruella M, June CH. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for B Cell Neoplasms: Choose the right CAR for you. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2016; 11(5):368-84; PMID:27475429; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11899-016-0336-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Wang Y, Han W. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for solid tumors: Challenges and prospects. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:3850839; PMID:26998495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nwangwu CA, Weiher H, Schmidt-Wolf IG. Increase of CIK cell efficacy by upregulating cell surface MICA and inhibition of NKG2D ligand shedding in multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol 2016; PMID:27430430; https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.2326
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poh SL, Linn YC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells against human myeloid leukaemic blasts. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65(5):525-36; PMID:26961084; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-016-1815-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangiolo D. Cytokine induced killer cells as promising immunotherapy for solid tumors. J Cancer 2011; 2:363-8; PMID:21716717; https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.2.363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko T, Fusauch Y, Kakui Y, Okumura K, Mizoguchi H, Oshimi K. Cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells coated with bispecific antibody against acute myeloid leukemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 1994; 14(3-4):219-29; PMID:7950910; https://doi.org/10.3109/10428199409049672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee GR, Fitzgibbon MC, O'Shea P. Laboratory services: regaining and maintaining control. Int J Health Care Quality Assurance 2016; 29(5):507-22; PMID:27256774; https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-08-2015-0098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Wolf IG, Finke S, Trojaneck B, Denkena A, Lefterova P, Schwella N, Heuft HG, Prange G, Korte M, Takeya M, et al. Phase I clinical study applying autologous immunological effector cells transfected with the interleukin-2 gene in patients with metastatic renal cancer, colorectal cancer and lymphoma. Br J Cancer 1999; 81(6):1009-16; PMID: 10576658; https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6690800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang QJ, Wang H, Pan K, Li YQ, Huang LX, Chen SP, He J, Ke ML, Zhao JJ, Li JJ, et al. Comparative study on anti-tumor immune response of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, dendritic cells-CIK (DC-CIK), and semi-allogeneic DC-CIK. Chin J Cancer 2010; 29(7):641-8; PMID:20591215; https://doi.org/10.5732/cjc.009.10772
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao JJ, Pan K, Wang QJ, Xu ZD, Weng DS, Li JJ, Li YQ, Xia JC. Effect of anti-asthma Chinese medicine Chuankezhi on the anti-tumor activity of cytokine-induced killer cells. Chin J Cancer 2013; 32(10):553-60; PMID:23470144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CL, Pan QZ, Zhao JJ, Wang Y, Li YQ, Wang QJ, Pan K, Weng DS, Jiang SS, Tang Y, et al. PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker for cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5(7):e1176653; PMID:27622026; https://doi.org/10.1080/2162402X.2016.1176653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes MP, Wang J, Norcross MA. Regulation of interleukin-12 expressionin human monocytes: selective priming by interferon-gamma of lipopolysaccharide-inducible p35 and p40 genes. Blood 1995; 86(2):646-50; PMID:7605994
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma X, Chow JM, Gri G, Carra G, Gerosa F, Wolf SF, Dzialo R, Trinchieri G. The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells. J Exp Med 1996; 183(1):147-57; PMID:8551218; https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.1.147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez RD, Waller EK, Lu PH, Negrin RS. CD58/LFA-3 and IL-12 provided by activated monocytes are critical in the in vitro expansion of CD56+ T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2001; 49(12):629-40; PMID:11258789; https://doi.org/10.1007/s002620000148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa AC, Gromo G, Alter BJ, Sondel PM, Bach FH. Long-term growth of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells: role of anti-CD3, beta-IL 1, interferon-gamma and -beta. J Immunol 1987; 138(8):2728-33; PMID:2435804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson PM, Bach FH, Ochoa AC. Augmentation of cell number and LAK activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with anti-CD3 and interleukin-2. Preliminary results in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and neuroblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1988; 27(1):82-8; PMID:3260824; https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00205763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SI, Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Lee K, Hong D, Lim H, Cho K, Jung N, Yi YW. Application of a non-hazardous vital dye for cell counting with automated cell counters. Analytical Biochemistry 2015; 492(2016):8-12; PMID:26399556
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thanendrarajan S, Kim Y, Schmidt-Wolf I. New adoptive immunotherapy strategies for solid tumours with CIK cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12(5):565-72; PMID:22444075; https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2012.668879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todorovic M, Mesiano G, Gammaitoni L, Leuci V, Giraudo Diego L, Cammarata C, Jordaney N, Carnevale-Schianca F, Gallo S, Fagioli F, et al. Ex vivo allogeneic stimulation significantly improves expansion of cytokine-induced killer cells without increasing their alloreactivity across HLA barriers. J Immunother 2012; 35(7):579-86; PMID:22892454; https://doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0b013e31826b1fd9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Y, Zhang Z, Tang L, Xu YC, Xie ZM, Gu XF, Wang HX. Cytokine-induced killer cells in the treatment of patients with solid carcinomas: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Cytotherapy 2012; 14(4):483-93; PMID:22277010; https://doi.org/10.3109/14653249.2011.649185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirakawa M, Matos T, Liu H, Koreth J, Kim HT, Paul NE, Murase K, Whangbo J, Alho AC, Nikiforow S, et al. Low-dose IL-2 selectively activates subsets of CD4+Tregs and NK cells. JCI Insight 2016; 1(18):e89278; PMID:27812545; https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.89278
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang J, Wu C, Lu B. Cytokine-induced killer cells promote antitumor immunity. J Transl Med 2013; 11(1):1-9; PMID:23281771; https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-11-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerundolo V, de la Salle H. Description of HLA class I- and CD8-deficient patients: Insights into the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells in host defense. Semin Immunol 2006; 18(6):330-6; PMID:16973375; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solana R, Casado JG, Delgado E, DelaRosa O, Marín J, Durán E, Pawelec G, Tarazona R. Lymphocyte activation in response to melanoma: interaction of NK-associated receptors and their ligands. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56(1):101-9; PMID:16485126; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-006-0141-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiringhelli F, Ménard C, Martin F, Zitvogel L. The role of regulatory T cells in the control of natural killer cells: relevance during tumor progression. Immunol Rev 2006; 214:229-38; PMID:17100888; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00445.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girardi M, Oppenheim DE, Steele CR, Lewis JM, Glusac E, Filler R, Hobby P, Sutton B, Tigelaar RE, Hayday AC. Regulation of cutaneous malignancy by gammadelta T cells. Science 2001; 294:605-9; PMID:11567106; https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1063916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lettau M, Paulsen M, Schmidt H, Janssen O. Insights into the molecular regulation of FasL (CD178) biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 90(6-7):456-66; PMID:21126798; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.10.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Zhang J, Xia F, Zhang C, Qian Q, Zhi X, Yue C, Sun R, Cheng S, Fang S, et al. Human CIK cells loaded with Au Nanorods as a theranostic platform for targeted photoacoustic imaging and enhanced immunotherapy and photothermal therapy. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11(1):285; PMID:27271853; https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-016-1468-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood JM, Butterfield LH, Tarhini AA, Zarour H, Kalinski P, Ferrone S. Immunotherapy of cancer in 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62(5):309-35; PMID:22576456; https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linn YC, Hui KM. Cytokine-induced killer cells: NK-like T cells with cytotolytic specificity against leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44(9):1457-62; PMID:14565644; https://doi.org/10.1080/1042819031000083082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loison E, Gougeon ML. Thimerosal compromises human dendritic cell maturation, IL-12 production, chemokine release, and T-helper polarization. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10(8):2328-35; PMID:25424939; https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.29520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinsen H, van Laarhoven HW, Pots JM, Duiveman-de Boer T, Mulder SF, van Herpen CM, Jacobs JF, Leer JW, Bleijenberg G, Stelma FF, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses after influenza vaccination in patients with postcancer fatigue. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11(7):1634-40; PMID:25996472; https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1040207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu BQ, Ju SW, Shu YQ. CD137 enhances cytotoxicity of CD3+CD56+cells and their capacities to induce CD4+Th1 responses. Biomed Pharmacother 2009; 63(7):509-16; PMID:19019623; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2008.10.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteside TL. Regulatory T cell subsets in human cancer: are they regulating for or against tumor progression? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63(1):67-72; PMID:24213679; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-013-1490-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weintraub K. The cancer defense. Sci Am 2016; 314(4):42-51; PMID:27082190; https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0416-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams PD, Jasper H, Rudolph K. Aging-induced stem cell mutations as drivers for disease and cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16(2015):601-14; PMID:26046760; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2015.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbé-Tuana FM, Parisi MM, Panizzutti BS, Fries GR, Grun LK, Guma FT, Kapczinski F, Berk M, Gama CS, Rosa AR. Shortened telomere length in bipolar disorder: a comparison of the early and late stages of disease. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2016; 38(4):281-6; PMID:27798713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeil DE, Bensoussan HJ, Autexier C. Telomerase regulation from beginning to the end. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7(9):pii: E64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaruga E. Activation of telomerase in a human tumor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91(8):2882-5; PMID:8159672; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.8.2882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed Z, Shah ZH, Rehman HM, Shahzad K, Daur I, Elfeel A, Hassan MU, Elsafori AK, Yang SH, Chung G. Genomics: A hallmark to monitor molecular and biochemical processes leading toward a better perceptive of seed aging and ex-situ conservation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2016; 22:89-112; PMID:27801354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazvan B, Farahzadi R, Mohammadi SM, Montazer Saheb S, Shanehbandi D, Schmied L, Soleimani Rad J, Darabi M, Nozad Charoudeh H. Key Immune Cell Cytokines Affects the Telomere Activity of Cord Blood Cells In vitro. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6(2):153-61; PMID:27478776; https://doi.org/10.15171/apb.2016.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen HH, Kim T, Song SY, Park S, Cho HH, Jung SH, Ahn JS, Kim HJ, Lee JJ, Kim HO, et al. Naïve CD8(+) T cell derived tumor-specific cytotoxic effectors as a potential remedy for overcoming TGF-β immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28208; PMID:27306834; https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su Y, Yang Y, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Rao W, Yang G, Kou C. The efficacy and safety of dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in combination with TACE-predominant minimally-invasive treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Clin Lab 2016; 62(4):599-608; PMID:27215078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia RA, Spitzer ED, Beaudry J, Beck C, Diblasi R, Gilleeny-Blabac M, Haugaard C, Heuschneider S, Kranz BP, McLean K, et al. Multidisciplinary team review of best practices for collection and handling of blood cultures to determine effective interventions for increasing the yield of true-positive bacteremias, reducingcontamination, and eliminating false-positive central line-associated bloodstream infections. Am J Infect Control 2015; 43(11):1222-37; PMID:26298636; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.06.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denno J, Gannon M. Practical steps to lower blood culture contamination rates in the emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 2013; 39(5):459-64; PMID:22727270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snyder SR, Favoretto AM, Baetz RA, Derzon JH, Madison BM, Mass D, Shaw CS, Layfield CD, Christenson RH, Liebow EB. Effectiveness of practices to reduce blood culture contamination: a laboratory medicine best practices systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Biochem 2012; 45(13-14):999-1011; PMID:22709932; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma L, Wang Y, Bo J, Han W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu X, Yu S, Liu R. The efficacy and safety of dendritic cells co-cultured with Cytokine-Induced killer cell therapy in combination with TACE-predominant minimally-invasive treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Meta-Analysis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 184(1):83-9; PMID:26660736; https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Jiang J, Shi L, Xu N. Prospective study of chemotherapy in combination with cytokine-induced killer cells in patients suffering from advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 2008; 28(6B):3997-4002; PMID:19192663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Wang C, Yu J, Cao S, Wei F, Zhang W, Han Y, Ren XB. Dendritic cell-activated cytokine-induced killer cells enhance the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy on non-small cell lung cancer in patients after surgery. Cytotherapy 2009; 11(8):1076-83; PMID:19929470; https://doi.org/10.3109/14653240903121252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li R, Wang C, Liu L, Du C, Cao S, Yu J, Wang SE, Hao X, Ren X, Li H. Autologous cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in lung cancer: a phase II clinical study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61(11):2125-33; PMID:22581306; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1260-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Ren B, Li H, Yu J, Cao S, Hao X, Ren X. Enhanced antitumor effects of DC-activated CIKs to chemotherapy treatment in a single cohort of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62(1):65-73; PMID:22744010; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1311-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong R, Teng J, Han B, Zhong H. Dendritic cells combining with cytokine-induced killer cells synergize chemotherapy in patients with late-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60(10):1497-502; PMID:21681372; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-011-1060-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao P, Bu X, Wei X, Sun W, Xie X, Li C, Guo Q, Zhu D, Wei X, Gao D. Dendritic cell immunotherapy combined with cytokine-induced killer cells promotes skewing toward Th2 cytokine profile in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25(2):450-6; PMID:25698555; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin CG, Chen XQ, Li J, Wu ZP, Liu X, Wang XC. Moderating effects and maintenance of lung cancer cellular immune functions by CIK cell therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14(6):3587-92; PMID:23886150; https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.6.3587
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhong GC, Yan B, Sun Y, Zhang XY, Chen J, Su Y, Sun HP, Zhu B. Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy of dendritic cell and cytokine-induced killer cell combined with chemotherapy for treatment of multiple myeloma. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2012; 33(12):1000-3; PMID:23363790
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao X, Ding HF, Xu M, Xing J, Lu G, Wang L, Liu GQ. Clinical Efficacy of dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells combined with chemotherapy for treating newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and their effect on function of CD4(+) CD25(+) T Cells in Peripheral Blood. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2016; 24(1):122-6; PMID:26913407
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao X, Ji CY, Liu GQ, Ma DX, Ding HF, Xu M, Xing J. Immunomodulatory effect of DC/CIK combined with chemotherapy in multiple myeloma and the clinical efficacy. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8(10):13146-55; PMID:26722513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang XF, Ma DC, Ding ZY, Liu ZZ, Guo F, Liu L, Yu HY, Han YL, Xie XD. Autologous cytokine-induced killer cells therapy on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer after adjuvant chemotherapy: a prospective study. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2013; 35(10):764-8; PMID:24378099
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ren J, Di L, Song G, Yu J, Jia J, Zhu Y, Yan Y, Jiang H, Liang X, Che L, et al. Selections of appropriate regimen of high-dose chemotherapy combined with adoptive cellular therapy with dendritic and cytokine-induced killer cells improved progression-free and overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer: rearmament of such contentious therapeutic preferences. Clin Transl Oncol 2013; 15(10):780-8; PMID:23359185; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-013-1001-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Feng F, Zhu M, Wang R, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhuang Z. Therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cells pulsed by autologous tumor cell lysate in combination with CIK cells on advanced renal cell carcinoma. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31(1):67-71; PMID: 25575061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang D, Zhang B, Gao H, Ding G, Wu Q, Zhang J, Liao L, Chen H. Clinical research of genetically modified dendritic cells in combination with cytokine-induced killer cell treatment in advanced renal cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:251; PMID:24720900; https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Zhang W, Qi X, Li H, Yu J, Wei S, Hao X, Ren X. Randomized study of autologous cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in metastatic renal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18(6):1751-9; PMID:22275504; https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao X, Zhang Z, Li H, Huang J, Yang S, Xie T, Huang L, Yue D, Xu L, Wang L, et al. Cytokine induced killer cell-based immunotherapies in patients with different stages of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2015; 362(2):192-8; PMID:25843292; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Lu XC, Fan H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Feng KC, Zhang WY, Chen MX, et al. Autologous CIK cell immunotherapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:195691; PMID:24382970; https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/195691
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhan HL, Gao X, Pu XY, Li W, Li ZJ, Zhou XF, Qiu JG. A randomized controlled trial of postoperative tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy in patients with localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2012; 125(21):3771-7; PMID:23106871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Feng F, Zhu M, Wang R, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhuang Z. [Therapeutic efficacy of dendritic cells pulsed by autologous tumor cell lysate in combination with CIK cells on advanced renal cell carcinoma]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31(1):67-71; PMID: 25575061
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang J, Zhu L, Zhang Q, He X, Yin Y, Gu Y, Guo R, Lu K, Liu L, Liu P, et al. Effects of cytokine-induced killer cell treatment in colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective study. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68(6):715-20; PMID:25107840; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2014.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu H, Yang X, Li J, Ren Y, Zhang T, Zhang C, Zhang J, Li J, Pang Y. Immune response, safety, and survival and quality of life outcomes for advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with dendritic cell vaccine and cytokine-induced killer cell therapy. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:603871; PMID:25136601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi L, Zhou Q, Wu J, Ji M, Li G, Jiang J, Wu C. Efficacy of adjuvant immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61(12):2251-9; PMID:22674056; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-012-1289-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang J, Xu N, Wu C, Deng H, Lu M, Li M, Xu B, Wu J, Wang R, Xu J, et al. Treatment of advanced gastric cancer by chemotherapy combined with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells. Anticancer Res 2006; 26(3B):2237-42; PMID: 16821594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao M, Wu PH, Zeng YX, Xia JC, Zhang FJ, Xian LJ, Zhang YP, Zhou K, Fan WJ, Zhang L, et al. Cytokine-induced killer cell fusion to lower recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization sequentially combined with radiofrequency ablation: a randomized trial. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2006; 86(26):1823-8; PMID:17054858
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang JP, Li W, Huang ZL, Wu PH, Li XS, Wei YD, Zhou QM, Pan CC, Xia JC, Zhao M. Value of CIK in the treatment of TACE combined with RFA for HCC in long-term survival and prognostic analysis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2012; 92(43):3062-6; PMID:23328379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pan GZ, Xu JB, Hao L, Zhang J, Li SL, Yuan QZ. Effect of CIK on long-term survival in the treatment of HCC after RFA combined TACE. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 96(9):689-92; PMID:27055505
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pan CC, Huang ZL, Li W, Zhao M, Zhou QM, Xia JC, Wu PH. Serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement in predicting clinical outcome related to autologous cytokine-induced killer cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergone minimally invasive therapy. Chin J Cancer 2010; 29(6):596-602; PMID:20507732; https://doi.org/10.5732/cjc.009.10580
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hao MZ, Lin HL, Chen Q, Ye YB, Chen QZ, Chen MS. Efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with cytokine-induced killer cell therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparative study. Chin J Cancer 2010; 29(2):172-7; PMID:20109346; https://doi.org/10.5732/cjc.009.10410
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hui D, Qiang L, Jian W, Ti Z, Da-Lu K. A randomized, controlled trial of postoperative adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cells immunotherapy after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2009; 41(1):36-41; PMID:18818130; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2008.04.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo W, Liu L, Wu D. Dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell immunotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: safety and efficacy. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2014; 34(5):674-8; PMID:24849434
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weng DS, Zhou J, Zhou QM, Zhao M, Wang QJ, Huang LX, Li YQ, Chen SP, Wu PH, Xia JC. Minimally invasive treatment combined with cytokine-induced killer cells therapy lower the short-term recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinomas. J Immunother 2008; 31(1):63-71; PMID:18157013; https://doi.org/10.1097/CJI.0b013e31815a121b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu X, Zhao H, Liu L, Cao S, Ren B, Zhang N, An X, Yu J, Li H, Ren X. A randomized phase II study of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34(2):194-203; PMID:24337625; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-013-9976-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou P, Liang P, Dong B, Yu X, Han Z, Xu Y. Phase clinical study of combination therapy with microwave ablation and cellular immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11(5):450-6; PMID:21258206; https://doi.org/10.4161/cbt.11.5.14669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JH, Lim YS, Yeon JE, Song TJ, Yu SJ, Gwak GY, Kim KM, Kim YJ, Lee JW, Yoon JH. Adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2015; 148(7):1383-91; PMID:25747273; https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi M, Zhang B, Tang ZR, Lei ZY, Wang HF, Feng YY, Fan ZP, Xu DP, Wang FS. Autologous cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in clinical trial phase I is safe in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10(8):1146-51; PMID:15069715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li W, Wang Y, Zhao L, Xu L, Zhang Y, Mai L, Gao Q. Efficacy of RetroNectin-activated cytokine-induced killer cell therapy in metastatic brain tumor patients. Oncol Res Treat 2015; 38(4):160-5; PMID:25877939; https://doi.org/10.1159/000380890
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olioso P, Giancola R, Di Riti M, Contento A, Accorsi P, Iacone A. Immunotherapy with cytokine induced killer cells in solid and hematopoietic tumours: a pilot clinical trial. Hematol Oncol 2009; 27(3):130-9; PMID:19294626; https://doi.org/10.1002/hon.886
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu XC, Yang B, Yu RL, Chi XH, Tuo S, Tuo CW, Zhu HL, Wang Y, Jiang CG, Fu XB, et al. Clinical study of autologous cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62(1):257-65; PMID:21913005; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-011-9273-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Cao F, Li J, Li Y, Liu X, Wang L, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhao H, Zhou J. Homing of cytokine-induced killer cells during the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Hematol 2014; 100(2):165-70; PMID:24929848; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-014-1618-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M, Shi SB, Qi JL, Tang XY, Tian J. S-1 plus CIK as second-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2013; 30(4):747; PMID:24122257; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-013-0747-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung MJ, Park JY, Bang S, Park SW, Song SY. Phase II clinical trial of ex vivo-expanded cytokine-induced killer cells therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63(9):939-46; PMID:24916038; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-014-1566-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan L, Wu M, Ba N, Wang LJ, Zhang HQ, Shi GY, Zhang ZS, Wang XJ. Efficacy of dendritic cell-cytokine-induced killer immunotherapy plus intensity-modulated radiation therapy in treating elderly patients with esophageal carcinoma. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14(1):898-905; PMID:25730028; https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.February.2.13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Pan K, Liu LZ, Li YQ, Gu MF, Zhang H, Shen WX, Xia JC, Li JJ. Sequential cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy Enhances the efficacy of the gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy regimen for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10(6):e0130620; PMID:26098948; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130620
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hontscha C, Borck Y, Zhou H, Messmer D, Schmidt-Wolf IG. Clinical trials on CIK cells: first report of the international registry on CIK cells (IRCC). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137(2):305-10; PMID:20407789; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-010-0887-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeel LC, Schmeel FC, Coch C, Schmidt-Wolf IG. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in cancer immunotherapy: report of the international registry on CIK cells (IRCC). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 141(5):839-49; PMID:25381063; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-014-1864-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Han W. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells: from basic research to clinical translation. Chinese J Cancer 2015; 34(3):99-107; PMID:25962508; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40880-015-0002-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar