1,564
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Paper

Rural-urban disparities in missed opportunities for vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country decomposition analyses

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 1191-1198 | Received 13 Aug 2018, Accepted 22 Jan 2019, Published online: 08 Apr 2019

References

  • Ehreth J. The global value of vaccination. Vaccine. 2003;21:596–600.
  • Wang H, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, et al. Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study, 2017. Lancet. 390(10100):1084–1150.
  • McGovern ME, Canning D. Vaccination and all-cause child mortality from 1985 to 2011: global evidence from the demographic and health surveys. Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(9):791–98. doi:10.1093/aje/kwv125.
  • Griggs D, Stafford-Smith M, Gaffney O, Rockström J, Öhman MC, Shyamsundar P, Steffen W, Glaser G, Kanie N, Noble I. Policy: sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature. 2013;495(7441):305–307.
  • WHO/UNICEF. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage Geneva2018; 2018 [ accessed 2018 Jan 7]. http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/timeseries/tswucoveragedtp3.html.
  • World Health Organization. Pertussis vaccination: reduction of pertussis in infancy remains primary goal 2018. http://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/news_position_paper_pertussis_vaccines/en/.
  • World Health Organization (2016). “Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization, April 2016 – conclusions and recommendations„. Weekly Epidemiological Record 91(21): 265–284.
  • World Health Organization. Methodology for the assessment of missed opportunities for vaccination. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; 2017.
  • Sridhar S, Maleq N, Guillermet E, Colombini A, Gessner BD. A systematic literature review of missed opportunities for immunization in low-and middle-income countries. Vaccine. 2014;32:6870–79.
  • Restrepo-Méndez MC, Barros AJ, Wong KL, Johnson HL, Pariyo G, França GV, Yin P, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu J, et al. Inequalities in full immunization coverage: trends in low-and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(11). doi:10.2471/BLT.15.153148.
  • Wagstaff A. Poverty and health sector inequalities. Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80:97–105.
  • Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet. 2005;365(9464):1099–104. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74234-3.
  • Gwatkin DR. Health inequalities and the health of the poor: what do we know? What can we do? Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78:3–18.
  • Garib Z, Vargas AL, Trumbo SP, Anthony K, Diaz-Ortega JL, Bravo-Alcántara P, Leal I, Danovaro-Holliday MC, Velandia-González M. Missed opportunities for vaccination in the dominican republic: results of an operational investigation. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016.
  • World Health Organization. State of inequality: childhood immunization. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 2016.
  • Arcaya MC, Arcaya AL, Subramanian S. Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories. Glob Health Action. 2015;8(1):27106. doi:10.3402/gha.v8.29034.
  • Gwatkin DR. Trends in health inequalities in developing countries. Lancet Global Health. 2017;5(4):e371–e2. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30080-3.
  • INDEPTH NETWORK. Measuring health equity in small areas: findings from demographic surveillance system. Health inequalities in the Kassena-Nankana District in Northern Ghana. England: Ashgate Publishing; 2005.
  • Ndiritu M, Cowgill KD, Ismail A, Chiphatsi S, Kamau T, Fegan G, Feikin DR, Newton CR, Scott JA. Immunization coverage and risk factors for failure to immunize within the expanded programme on immunization in Kenya after introduction of new Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens. BMC Public Health. 2006;6(1):132. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-132.
  • Wado YD, Afework MF, Hindin MJ. Childhood vaccination in rural southwestern Ethiopia: the nexus with demographic factors and women’s autonomy. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:9.
  • Ndirangu J, Bärnighausen T, Tanser F, Tint K, Newell M-L. Levels of childhood vaccination coverage and the impact of maternal HIV status on child vaccination status in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14:1383–93.
  • Munthali AC. Determinants of vaccination coverage in Malawi: evidence from the demographic and health surveys. Malawi Med J. 2007;19:79–82.
  • Joshi AR. Maternal schooling and child health: preliminary analysis of the intervening mechanisms in rural Nepal. Health Transition Rev. 1994; 4(1):1–28.
  • Rutstein SO, Rojas G. Guide to DHS statistics: demographic and health surveys methodology. Calverton (Maryland): ORC Macro; 2006.
  • Montgomery MR, Gragnolati M, Burke KA, Paredes E. Measuring living standards with proxy variables. Demography. 2000;37:155–74.
  • Vyas S, Kumaranayake L. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plann. 2006;21(6):459–68. doi:10.1093/heapol/czl029.
  • Blinder AS. Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural variables. J Hum Resour. 1973; 197(8):436–55.
  • Oaxaca R. Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. Int Econ Rev. 1973;14:693–709. doi:10.2307/2525981.
  • Tu YK, Kellett M, Clerehugh V, Gilthorpe MS. Problems of correlations between explanatory variables in multiple regression analyses in the dental literature. Br Dent J. 2005;199:457–61.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.