Determinants of vaccination uptake, and influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing deaths and hospital admissions in the elderly population; Treviso, Italy, 2014/2015-2016/2017 seasons

References

• WHO - Influenza (Seasonal). [accessed 2019 September 18] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal).
   Google Scholar
• Mertz D, Kim TH, Johnstone J, Lam -P-P, Science M, Kuster SP, Fadel SA, Tran D, Fernandez E, Bhatnagar N, Loeb M. Populations at risk for severe or complicated influenza illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013;347:f5061. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothberg MB, Haessler SD, Brown RB. Complications of viral influenza. Am J Med. 2008;121(4):258–64. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.10.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preaud E, Durand L, Macabeo B, Farkas N, Sloesen B, Palache A, Shupo F, Samson SI. Annual public health and economic benefits of seasonal influenza vaccination: a European estimate. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:813. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, Al-Ansary LA, Ferroni E, Thorning S, Thomas RE. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010; 2:CD004876.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Council of the European Union. Council recommendation of 22 December 2009 on seasonal influenza vaccination. Off J European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2009. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009H1019&from=EN
   Google Scholar
• Vaccines against influenza WHO position paper – November. 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012;87(47):461–76.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Seasonal influenza vaccination in Europe - Overview of vaccination recommendations and coverage rates in the EU member states for the 2012-13 influenza season. Stockholm (Sweden): ECDC; 2015 Jan. [accessed 2019 September 18] http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Seasonal-influenza-vaccinationEurope-2012-13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ministero della Salute. Coperture vaccinali antinfluenzali. [Ministry of health, influenza vaccine coverage]. [accessed 2019 September 18] http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/influenza/dettaglioContenutiInfluenza.jsp?lingua=italiano&id=679&area=influenza&menu=vuoto.
   Google Scholar
• Ministero della Salute. Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale 2016-2018. [Ministry of health, national vaccination prevention plan 2016-2018]. http://www.sitip.org/formazione/linee-guida/107-linee-guida-raccomandate/159-piano-nazionale-prevenzione-vaccinale-pnpv-2016-2018.
   Google Scholar
• Zhu W, Wang C, Wang BZ. From variation of influenza viral proteins to vaccine development. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(7):1554. doi:10.3390/ijms18071554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza. 2012. [accessed 2019 September 18] https://www.adnkronos.com/r/Pub/AdnKronos/Assets/PDF/piano_prevenzione_vaccini.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rümke HC, Richardus JH, Rombo L, Pauksens K, Plaßmann G, Durand C, Devaster JM, Dewé W, Oostvogels L. Selection of an adjuvant for seasonal influenza vaccine in elderly people: modelling immunogenicity from a randomized trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:348. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocetti E, Arniani S, Bordoni F, Maciocco G, Zappa M, Buiatti E. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in a community in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol. 2001;17(2):163–68. doi:10.1023/a:1017978420601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A. A population study to evaluate the efficacy of influenza vaccination, 2014-2015. Epidemiol Prev. 2015;39:234–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasparini R, Amicizia D, Lai PL, Rossi S, Panatto D. Effectiveness of adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccines (Inflexal V® and Fluad®) in preventing hospitalization for influenza and pneumonia in the elderly: a matched case-control study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9(1):144–52. doi:10.4161/hv.22231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valent F, Schiava F, Gnesutta D, Brianti G, Barbone F. Gruppo regionale influenza Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Evaluation of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination among the elderly in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). Epidemiol Prev. 2005 May-Aug;29(3–4):195–203.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valent F, Gallo T, Zanier L. Vaccinazione antinfluenzale e mortalità nella popolazione anziana residente in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Uno studio di coorte nella stagione influenzale 2014-2015. Politiche Sanitarie. 2016;17:41–47.
   Google Scholar
• Valent F, Gallo T. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in an Italian elderly population during the 2016-2017 season. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2018;54(1):67–71. doi:10.4415/ANN_18_01_13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The John Hopkins ACG® System. Decades of impact on population health research and practice. [accessed 2019 September 18]. https://www.hopkinsacg.org/.
   Google Scholar
• ACG John Hopkins, Veneto Region. [accessed 2019 September 18]. www.acg.regione.veneto.it.
   Google Scholar
• Leyland AH, Goldstein H. Multilevel modelling of health statistics. New York: Wiley; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Bertolani A, Fattori G, Pregliasco F. The hospitalization burden of influenza: just the tip of the iceberg? Global Reg Health Technol Assess. 2018;2018:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vamos EP, Pape UJ, Curcin V, Harris MJ, Valabhji J, Majeed A, Millett C. Effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing admission to hospital and death in people with type 2 diabetes. CMAJ. 2016;188(14):E342–E351. doi:10.1503/cmaj.151059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, Brammer L, Bridges CB, Cox NJ, Fukuda K. Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA. 2004;292(11):1333–40. doi:10.1001/jama.292.11.1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron AC, Trivedi PK. Regression analysis of count data. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Loeys T, Moerkerke B, De Smet O, Buysse A. The analysis of zero-inflated count data: beyond zero-inflated Poisson regression. British J Math Stat Psychol. 2012;65(1):163–80. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.2011.02031.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuong QH. Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and non-nested hypotheses” (PDF). Econometrica. 1989;57(2):307–33. doi:10.2307/1912557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PJ L, O’Halloran A, Ding H, Srivastav A, Williams WW. Uptake of influenza vaccination and missed opportunities among adults with high-risk conditions, united states, 2013. Am J Med. 2016;129(6):636.e1-636.e11. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.10.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganczak M, Gil K, Korzeń M, Bażydło M. Coverage and influencing determinants of influenza vaccination in elderly patients in a country with a poor vaccination implementation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:6. doi:10.3390/ijerph14060665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ang LW, Cutter J, James L, Goh KT. Factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake in older adults living in the community in Singapore. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(4):775–86. doi:10.1017/S0950268816002491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kan T, Zhang J. Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review. Public Health. 2018;156:67–78. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Örtqvist Å, Brytting M, Leval A, Hergens MP. Impact of repeated influenza vaccinations in persons over 65 years of age: a large population-based cohort study of severe influenza over six consecutive seasons, 2011/12-2016/17. Vaccine. 2018;36(37):5556–64. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Baz I, Navascués A, Casado I, Aguinaga A, Ezpeleta C, Jess Castilla J. Remaining effect of influenza vaccines received in prior seasons. J Infect Dis. 2019 May 20. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsay LC, Buchan SA, Stirling RG, Cowling BJ, Feng S, Kwong JC, Warshawsky BF. The impact of repeated vaccination on influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2019 Jan 10;17(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12916-018-1239-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hak E, Verheij T, Grobbee DE, Nichol KL, Hoes AW. Confounding by indication in non-experimental evaluation of vaccine effectiveness: the example of prevention of influenza complications. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56(12):951–55. doi:10.1136/jech.56.12.951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Medicines Agency, Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Guideline on influenza vaccines. EMA/CHMP/VWP/457259/2014.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Technical document 2009. Protocol for cohort database studies to measure pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in the European union and European economic area member states. Stockholm, Sweden, ECDC; 2009. [accessed 2019 September 18]. https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/0907_TER_Influenza_AH1N1_Measuring_Influenza_Vaccine_Effectiveness_Protocol_Cohort_Database_Studies.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fireman B, Lee J, Lewis N, Bembom O, Van Der Laan M, Baxter R. Influenza vaccination and mortality: differentiating vaccine effects from bias. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(5):650–56. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Nelson JC, Benson P, Neuzil KM, Reid RJ, Psaty BM, Heckbert SR, Larson EB, Weiss NS. Functional status is a confounder of the association of influenza vaccine and risk of all cause mortality in seniors. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;35(2):345–52. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElhaney JE, Andrew MK, McNeil SA. Estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness: evolution of methods to better understand effects of confounding in older adults. Vaccine. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Sorveglianza virologica dell’influenza, stagione influenzale 2014-2015 [Influenza virological surveillance, 2014-2015 season]. [accessed 2019 September 18]. http://old.iss.it/binary/fluv/cont/Rapporto_2014_2015.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità. La sorveglianza dei casi gravi e decessi da influenza confermata in Italia nella stagione 2014-15 [Surveillance of influenza-confirmed serious cases and deaths in Italy in the 2014-15 season]. [accessed 2019 September 18]. https://www.epicentro.iss.it/vaccini/CasiGravi2015.
   Google Scholar
• Veneto Region. Rapporto sull’andamento epidemiologico dell’influenza nella Regione Veneto, stagione 2014-2015 [Report on the epidemiological trend of influenza in the Veneto Region, 2014-2015 season]. [accessed 2019 September 18]. https://www.regione.veneto.it/web/sanita/influenza-archivio.
   Google Scholar
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Sorveglianza virologica dell’influenza, stagione influenzale 2015-2016 [Influenza virological surveillance, 2015-2016 season]. [accessed 2019 September 18] http://old.iss.it/binary/fluv/cont/Rapporto_2015_2016.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kissling E, Valenciano M, Pozo F, Vilcu AM, Reuss A, Rizzo C, Larrauri A, Horváth JK, Brytting M, Domegan L, Korczyńska M. 2015/16 I‐MOVE/I‐MOVE+ multicentre case‐control study in Europe: moderate vaccine effectiveness estimates against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and low estimates against lineage‐mismatched influenza B among children. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2018;12(4):423–37. doi:10.1111/irv.12520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veneto Region. Rapporto sull’andamento epidemiologico dell’influenza nella Regione Veneto, stagione 2015-2016 [Report on the epidemiological trend of influenza in the Veneto Region, 2015-2016 season].
   Google Scholar
• Panatto D, Signori A, Lai PL, Gasparini R, Amicizia D. Heterogeneous estimates of influenza virus types A and B in the elderly: results of a meta‐regression analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2018;12(4):533–43. doi:10.1111/irv.12550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Sorveglianza virologica dell’influenza, stagione influenzale 2016-2017 [Influenza virological surveillance, 2016-2017 Season]. [accessed 2019 September 18] http://old.iss.it/binary/fluv/cont/Sorveglianza_virologica_dell_influenza_rapporto_stagione_2016_2017.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Zost SJ, Parkhouse K, Gumina ME, Kim K, Diaz Perez S, Wilson PC, Treanor JJ, Sant AJ, Cobey S, Hensley SE. Contemporary H3N2 influenza viruses have a glycosylation site that alters binding of antibodies elicited by egg-adapted vaccine strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114(47):12578–83. doi:10.1073/pnas.1712377114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veneto Region. Rapporto sull’andamento epidemiologico dell’influenza nella Regione Veneto, stagione 2016-2017 [Report on the epidemiological trend of influenza in the Veneto Region, 2016-2017 season]. [accessed 2019 September 18]. https://www.regione.veneto.it/web/sanita/influenza-archivio.
   Google Scholar
• Tsai TF. Fluad®-MF59®-Adjuvanted influenza vaccine in older adults. Infect Chemother. 2013 Jun;45(2):159–74. doi:10.3947/ic.2013.45.2.159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bella A, Gesualdo F, Orsi A, Arcuri C, Chironna M, Loconsole D, Napoli C, Orsi GB, Manini I, Montomoli E, Alfonsi V. Effectiveness of the trivalent MF59 adjuvated influenza vaccine in preventing hospitalization due to influenza B and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in the elderly in Italy, 2017-2018 season. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019 Jun;13:1–9. doi:10.1080/14760584.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson MG, Pierse N, Sue Huang Q, Prasad N, Duque J, Claire Newbern E, Baker MG, Turner N, McArthur C. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza-associated intensive care admissions and attenuating severe disease among adults in New Zealand 2012-2015. Vaccine. 2018;36(39):5916–25. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondy M, Larrauri A, Casado I, Alfonsi V, Pitigoi D, Launay O, Syrjänen RK, Gefenaite G, Machado A, Vučina VV, Horváth JK. 2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: results from the I-MOVE+ project. Euro Surveill. 2017;22:30. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.30.30580.
   Google Scholar