Control of vaccine preventable diseases in Australian infants: reviewing a decade of experience with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine

References

• Koslap-Petraco MB, Judelsohn RG. Societal impact of combination vaccines: experiences of physicians, nurses, and parents. J Pediatr Health Care. 2008;22(5):300–09. doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.09.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurosky SK, Davis KL, Krishnarajah G. Effect of combination vaccines on completion and compliance of childhood vaccinations in the United States. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(11):2494–502. doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1362515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maman K, Zöllner Y, Greco D, Duru G, Sendyona S, Remy V. The value of childhood combination vaccines: from beliefs to evidence. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(9):2132–41. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1044180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd D. Benefits of combination vaccines: effective vaccination on a simplified schedule. Am J Manag Care. 2003;9:S6–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zepp F, Schmitt H-J, Cleerbout J, Verstraeten T, Schuerman L, Jacquet J-M. Review of 8 years of experience with Infanrix hexa™ (DTPa–HBV–IPV/Hib hexavalent vaccine). Expert Rev Vaccines. 2009;8(6):663–78. doi:10.1586/erv.09.32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciarametaro M, Bradshaw SE, Guiglotto J, Hahn B, Meier G. Hidden efficiencies: making completion of the pediatric vaccine schedule more efficient for physicians. Medicine. 2015;94(4):e357. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Medicines Agency. Infanrix hexa: EPAR - Product information. [accessed 2019 May 02]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/infanrix-hexa.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government - Department of Health. Australian Immunisation Handbook. [accessed 2019 May 02]. https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government - Department of Health. Australian technical advisory group on immunisation. [accessed 2019 May 02]. https://beta.health.gov.au/committees-and-groups/australian-technical-advisory-group-on-immunisation.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government - Department of Health. National immunisation program schedule. [accessed 2019 May 02]. https://beta.health.gov.au/health-topics/immunisation/immunisation-throughout-life/national-immunisation-program-schedule.
   Google Scholar
• Hull B, Hendry A, Dey A, Beard F, Brotherton J, McIntyre P Annual immunisation coverage report 2016. 2018. [accessed 2019 May 02]. http://www.ncirs.org.au/sites/default/files/2018-11/NCIRS-Annual-Immunisation-Coverage-Report-2016.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government - Department of Health. Childhood immunisation coverage. [accessed 2019 May 03]. https://beta.health.gov.au/health-topics/immunisation/childhood-immunisation-coverage.
   Google Scholar
• Lim C, Currie GE, Waddington CS, Wu Y, Setijo S, Leask J, Marsh JA, Snelling TL. Identification of the determinants of incomplete vaccination in Australian children. Vaccine: X. 2019;1:100010.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hull BP, Deeks SL, McIntyre PB. The Australian childhood immunisation register—A model for universal immunisation registers? Vaccine. 2009;27(37):5054–60. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan TM. The Australian model of immunization advice and vaccine funding. Vaccine. 2010;28:A76–A83. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Australian Government - Department of Health. National notifiable diseases surveillance system. [accessed 2019 May 03]. http://www9.health.gov.au/cda/source/cda-index.cfm.
   Google Scholar
• Administration DoH-TG. Database of adverse event notifications (DAEN). [accessed 2019 May 03]. https://www.tga.gov.au/database-adverse-event-notifications-daen.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. Estimates of aboriginal and torres strait islander Australians, June 2016. [accessed 2019 May 14]. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/3238.0.55.001.
   Google Scholar
• Rank C, Menzies RI. How reliable are Australian childhood immunisation register coverage estimates for indigenous children? An assessment of data quality and coverage. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2007;31:283–87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Australian Bureau of Statistics. 3238.0.55.001- Estimates of aboriginal and torres strait islander Australians, June 2016. 2018. [accessed 2020 Feb 12]. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/3238.0.55.001.
   Google Scholar
• Kirby Institute. HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia: annual surveillance report 2018. [accessed 2019 May 06]. https://kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/kirby/report/KI_Annual-Surveillance-Report-2018.pdf#page=112.
   Google Scholar
• Hull B, Hendry A, Dey A, McIntyre P, Macartney K, Beard F Annual immunisation coverage report 2018. 2019 [accessed 2020 Feb 12]. http://www.ncirs.org.au/sites/default/files/2019-11/NCIRS%20Annual%20Immunisation%20Coverage%20Report%202018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Menzies RI, Singleton RJ. Vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination policy for Indigenous populations. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56(6):1263–83. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.09.006.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cashman PM, Allan NA, Clark KK, Butler MT, Massey PD, Durrheim DN. Closing the gap in Australian Aboriginal infant immunisation rates – the development and review of a pre-call strategy. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):514. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3086-x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hendry AJ, Beard FH, Dey A, Meijer D, Campbell-Lloyd S, Clark KK, Hull BP, Sheppeard V. Closing the vaccination coverage gap in New South Wales: the aboriginal immunisation healthcare worker program. Med J Aust. 2018;209(1):24–28. doi:10.5694/mja18.00063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boughton CR. Smallpox and Australia. Intern Med. 2002;32(1–2):59–61.
   Google Scholar
• Patel M, Lush D. Measles vaccine effectiveness in Central Australian aboriginal children vaccinated at or after eight months of age. Aust N Z J Public Health. 1998;22(6):729–30.
   Google Scholar
• Gidding HF, Burgess MA, Kempe AE. A short history of vaccination in Australia. Med J Aust. 2001;174(1):37–40. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143144.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall R. Notifiable diseases surveillance, 1917 to 1991. Commun Dis Intell. 1993;17:226–36.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Vaccine-preventable diseases. 2018. [accessed 2019 May 07]. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/immunisation/vaccine-preventable-diseases/contents.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke KEN Review of the epidemiology of diphtheria - 2000-2016. [accessed 2019 Aug 05]. https://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2017/april/1_Final_report_Clarke_april3.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Diphtheria in Australia. 2018. [accessed 2019 May 07]. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/f4c418f9-b4fe-4fb3-84e6-366d5098a8a0/aihw-phe-236_Diphtheria.pdf.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• D’Souza RM, Kennet M, Watson C. Australia declared polio free. Commun Dis Intell. 2002;26:253–60.
   Google Scholar
• Stewardson AJ, Roberts JA, Beckett CL, Prime HT, Loh P-S, Thorley BR, Daffy JR. Imported case of poliomyelitis, Melbourne, Australia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(1):63–65. doi:10.3201/eid1501.080791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, Krause G, Ott JJ. Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. The Lancet. 2015;386(10003):1546–55. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61412-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham S, Guy RJ, Cowie B, Wand HC, Donovan B, Akre SP, Ward JS. Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians since universal vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):403. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-403.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiseman E, Fraser MA, Holden S, Glass A, Kidson BL, Heron LG, Maley MW, Ayres A, Locarnini SA, Levy MT. Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus: an Australian experience. Med J Aust. 2009;190(9):489–92. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02524.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles ML, Grace R, Tai A, Michalak K, Walker SP. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during pregnancy and the puerperium: current standards of care. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;53(3):231–35. doi:10.1111/ajo.12061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jefferies M, Rauff B, Rashid H, Lam T, Rafiq S. Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies. World J Clin Cases. 2018;6(13):589–99. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v6.i13.589.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacLachlan J, Allard N, Carville K, Haynes K, Cowie B. Mapping progress in chronic hepatitis B: geographic variation in prevalence, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment, 2013–15. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2018;42(1):62–68. doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz TF, Behre U, Adelt T, Donner M, Suryakiran PV, Janssens W, Mesaros N, Panzer F. Long-term antibody persistence against hepatitis B in adolescents 14–15-years of age vaccinated with 4 doses of hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine in infancy. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(1):235–41. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1509658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna JN, Wild BE. Bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age in Western Australia. Med J Aust. 1991;155(3):160–64. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142183.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horby P, Gilmour R, Wang H, McIntyre P. Progress towards eliminating Hib in Australia: an evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae type b prevention in Australia, 1 July 1993 to 30 June 2000. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2003;27:324–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bower C, Payne J, Condon R, Hendrie D, Harris A, Henderson R. Sequelae of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children under 5 years of age. J Paediatr Child Health. 1994;30(5):393–97. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1994.tb00686.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Deeks S, Glasswell A, McIntyre P. Trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B disease in Australia, 1995-2005. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2008;32:316–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson P, Pichichero ME, Insel RA. Immunization of 2-month-old infants with protein-coupled oligosaccharides derived from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Pediatr. 1985;107(3):346–51. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(85)80504-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson P, Pichichero ME, Insel RA. Immunogens consisting of oligosaccharides from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b coupled to diphtheria toxoid or the toxin protein CRM197. J Clin Invest. 1985;76(1):52–59. doi:10.1172/JCI111976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly DF, Moxon ER, Pollard AJ. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. Immunology. 2004;113(2):163–74. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01971.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance. Significant events in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination practice in Australia. 2018 [accessed 2019 Oct 04]. http://www.ncirs.org.au/sites/default/files/2018-11/Haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-history-July-2018.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines for Australian children. [accessed 2019 Oct 24]. http://ncirs.org.au/ncirs-fact-sheets-faqs/haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-hib-vaccines-australian.
   Google Scholar
• Bulkow LR, Wainwright RB, Letson GW, Chang SJ, Ward JI. Comparative immunogenicity of four Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in Alaska Native infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12(6):484–92. doi:10.1097/00006454-199306000-00006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzies RI, Bremner KM, Wang H, Beard FH, McIntyre PB. Long-term trends in invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among Indigenous Australian children following use of PRP-OMP and PRP-T vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(6):621–26. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlsson RM, Claesson BA, Lagergard T, Kayhty H. Serum antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b and tetanus at 2.5 years of age: a follow-up of 2 different regimens of infant vaccination. Scand J Infect Dis. 1996;28(5):519–23. doi:10.3109/00365549609037951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker MD, Edwards KM, Bradley R, Palmer P. Comparative trial in infants of four conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. J Pediatr. 1992;120(2 Pt 1):184–89. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80424-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang S, Tafalla M, Hanssens L, Dolhain J. A review of Haemophilus influenzae disease in Europe from 2000–2014: challenges, successes and the contribution of hexavalent combination vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017;16(11):1095–105. doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1383157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y-Y, Anderson R, McIver J, Gupta RK, Siber GR. A simple and rapid method for measuring unconjugated capsular polysaccharide (PRP) of Haemophilus influenzae type b in PRP-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. Biologicals. 1998;26(1):33–38. doi:10.1006/biol.1997.0121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturgess AW, Rush K, Charbonneau RJ, Lee JI, West DJ, Sitrin RD, Hennessey JP. Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine stability: catalytic depolymerization of PRP in the presence of aluminum hydroxide. Vaccine. 1999;17(9):1169–78. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00337-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menzies R, McIntyre P. Vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination policy for Indigenous populations. Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28(1):71–80. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxj005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naidu L, Chiu C, Habig A, Lowbridge C, Jayasinghe S, Wang H, McIntyre P, Menzies R. Vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination coverage in aboriginal and torres strait islander people, Australia 2006-2010. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2013;37:S1–S95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Whooping cough in Australia. 2018. [accessed 2019 May 15]. https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/303c1ab7-9b04-4544-9c5d-852c533ac87a/aihw-phe-236_WhoopingCough.pdf.aspx.
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre P, Forrest J, Heath T, Burgess M, Harvey B. Pertussis vaccines: past, present and future in Australia. Commun Dis Intell. 1998;22:125–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pillsbury A, Quinn HE, McIntyre PB. Australian vaccine preventable disease epidemiological review series: pertussis, 2006-2012. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2014;38:E179–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quinn HE, McIntyre PB. Pertussis epidemiology in Australia over the decade 1995-2005–trends by region and age group. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2007;31:205–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaczmarek MC, Valenti L, Kelly HA, Ware RS, Britt HC, Lambert SB. Sevenfold rise in likelihood of pertussis test requests in a stable set of Australian general practice encounters, 2000-2011. Med J Aust. 2013;198(11):624–28. doi:10.5694/mja13.10044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senanayake S. Pertussis in Australia today - a disease of adolescents and adults that can kill infants. Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36:51–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marchant J, Chang A. Managing pertussis in adults. Aust Prescr. 2009;32:36–38. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2009.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott E, McIntyre P, Ridley G, Morris A, Massie J, McEniery J, Knight G. National study of infants hospitalized with pertussis in the acellular vaccine era. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23(3):246–52. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000116023.56344.46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaczmarek MC, Ware RS, McEniery JA, Coulthard MG, Lambert SB. Epidemiology of pertussis-related paediatric intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in Australia, 1997-2013: an observational study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(4):e010386. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall H, Clarke M, Rasiah K, Richmond P, Buttery J, Reynolds G, Andrews R, Nissen M, Wood N, McIntyre P. Predictors of disease severity in children hospitalized for pertussis during an epidemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(4):339–45. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood N, Quinn HE, McIntyre P, Elliott E. Pertussis in infants: preventing deaths and hospitalisations in the very young. J Paediatr Child Health. 2008;44(4):161–65. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01292.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zurynski YA, McRae JE, Quinn HE, Wood NJ, Macartney KK. Paediatric active enhanced disease surveillance inaugural annual report, 2014. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2016;40:E391–E400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae JE, Quinn HE, Macartney K. Paediatric active enhanced disease surveillance (PAEDS) annual report 2015: prospective hospital-based surveillance for serious paediatric conditions. Commun Dis Intell Q Rep. 2017;41:E264–e78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae JE, Quinn HE, Saravanos GL, McMinn A, Britton PN, Wood N, Marshall H, Macartney K. Paediatric active enhanced disease surveillance (PAEDS) annual report 2016: prospective hospital-based surveillance for serious paediatric conditions. Commun Dis Intell. 2018;2019:43.
   Google Scholar
• Foxwell AR, McIntyre P, Quinn H, Roper K, Clements MS. Severe pertussis in infants: estimated impact of first vaccine dose at 6 versus 8 weeks in australia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(2):161–63. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181f43906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance. Pertussis - Pertussis vaccines for Australians: information for immunisation providers. 2019. [accessed 2019 Oct 07]. http://www.ncirs.org.au/ncirs-fact-sheets-faqs/pertussis-vaccines-australians.
   Google Scholar
• Australian Government - Department of Health. Clinical update: pertussis booster for 18 month olds. 2017 [accessed 2019 Jul 24]. https://www.health.gov.au/news/clinical-update-pertussis-booster-for-18-month-olds.
   Google Scholar
• Skoff TH, Kenyon C, Cocoros N, Liko J, Miller L, Kudish K, Baumbach J, Zansky S, Faulkner A, Martin SW. Sources of infant pertussis infection in the United States. Pediatrics. 2015;136(4):635–41. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiley KE, Zuo Y, Macartney KK, McIntyre PB. Sources of pertussis infection in young infants: a review of key evidence informing targeting of the cocoon strategy. Vaccine. 2013;31(4):618–25. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn HE, Snelling TL, Habig A, Chiu C, Spokes PJ, McIntyre PB. Parental Tdap boosters and infant pertussis: a case-control study. Pediatrics. 2014;134(4):713–20. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-1105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe SL, Tay EL, Franklin LJ, Stephens N, Ware RS, Kaczmarek MC, Lester RA, Lambert SB. Effectiveness of parental cocooning as a vaccination strategy to prevent pertussis infection in infants: a case-control study. Vaccine. 2018;36(15):2012–19. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnan EJ, Fielding JE, Rowe SL, Franklin LJ, Vally H. A cross sectional survey of attitudes, awareness and uptake of the parental pertussis booster vaccine as part of a cocooning strategy, Victoria, Australia. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:676. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe SL, Cunningham HM, Franklin LJ, Lester RA. Uptake of a government-funded pertussis-containing booster vaccination program for parents of new babies in Victoria, Australia. Vaccine. 2015;33(15):1791–96. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre P, Wood N. Pertussis in early infancy: disease burden and preventive strategies. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2009;22(3):215–23. doi:10.1097/QCO.0b013e32832b3540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards KM. Protecting infants from pertussis disease. JAMA Pediatr. 2018;172(11):1012–13. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth K, Plotkin S, Tan T, Wirsing von König CH. Strategies to decrease pertussis transmission to infants. Pediatrics. 2015;135(6):e1475–e82. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumbreras Areta M, Eberhardt CS, Siegrist C-A, Martinez de Tejada B. Antenatal vaccination to decrease pertussis in infants: safety, effectiveness, timing, and implementation. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(9):1541–46. doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1406475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojtek I, Dieussaert I, Doherty TM, Franck V, Hanssens L, Miller J, Bekkat-Berkani R, Kandeil W, Prado-Cohrs D, Vyse A. Maternal immunization: where are we now and how to move forward? Ann Med. 2018;50(3):193–208. doi:10.1080/07853890.2017.1421320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall H, McMillan M, Andrews RM, Macartney K, Edwards K. Vaccines in pregnancy: the dual benefit for pregnant women and infants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016;12(4):848–56. doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1127485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh L, Marshall HS, Perrett KP, Nolan T, Wood N, Lambert SB, Richmond P, Ware RS, Binks P, Binks MJ, et al. The safety of influenza and pertussis vaccination in pregnancy in a cohort of Australian mother-infant pairs, 2012-2015: the FluMum study. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(3):402–08. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Centre for Immunisation Research & Surveillance. Influenza vaccines: influenza vaccines for Australians: information for immunisation providers. 2019 [accessed 2019 Oct 07]. http://www.ncirs.org.au/ncirs-fact-sheets-faqs/influenza-vaccines-australians.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnaswamy S, Wallace E, Buttery J, Giles M. Antenatal pertussis vaccination: are we implementing best evidence into practice? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;56(6):552–55. doi:10.1111/ajo.12554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bellinghen L-A, Dimitroff A, Haberl M, Li X, Manton A, Moeremans K, Demarteau N. Is adding maternal vaccination to prevent whooping cough cost-effective in Australia? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(9):2263–73. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1474315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niewiesk S. Maternal antibodies: clinical significance, mechanism of interference with immune responses, and possible vaccination strategies. Front Immunol. 2014;5:446. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe SL, Perrett KP, Morey R, Stephens N, Cowie BC, Nolan TM, Leder K, Pitcher H, Sutton B, Cheng AC. Influenza and pertussis vaccination of women during pregnancy in Victoria, 2015–2017. Med J Aust. 2019;210(10):454–62. doi:10.5694/mja2.50125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed H, Clarke M, Koehler A, Watson M, Marshall H. Factors associated with uptake of influenza and pertussis vaccines among pregnant women in South Australia. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0197867. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saul N, Wang K, Bag S, Baldwin H, Alexander K, Chandra M, Thomas J, Quinn H, Sheppeard V, Conaty S. Effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in preventing infection and disease in infants: the NSW public health network case-control study. Vaccine. 2018;36(14):1887–92. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amirthalingam G, Campbell H, Ribeiro S, Fry NK, Ramsay M, Miller E, Andrews N. Sustained effectiveness of the maternal pertussis immunization program in England 3 years following introduction. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(suppl_4):S236–S43. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw559.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dabrera G, Amirthalingam G, Andrews N, Campbell H, Ribeiro S, Kara E, Fry NK, Ramsay M. A case-control study to estimate the effectiveness of maternal pertussis vaccination in protecting newborn infants in England and Wales, 2012–2013. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;60(3):333–37. doi:10.1093/cid/ciu821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore HC, Fathima P, Gidding HF, de Klerk N, Liu B, Sheppeard V, Effler PV, Snelling TL, McIntyre P, Blyth CC. Assessment of on-time vaccination coverage in population subgroups: a record linkage cohort study. Vaccine. 2018;36(28):4062–69. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hull B, Hendry A, Dey A, Brotherton J, Macartney K, Beard F Annual immunisation coverage report 2017. 2018. [accessed 2019 Aug 06]. http://ncirs.org.au/sites/default/files/2018-12/2017%20Coverage%20Report_FINAL_2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lovie-Toon YG, Hall KK, Chang AB, Anderson J, O’Grady K-AFJBPH. Immunisation timeliness in a cohort of urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):1159. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3825-z.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hull BP, McIntyre PB. Timeliness of childhood immunisation in Australia. Vaccine. 2006;24(20):4403–08. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard FH, Hull BP, Leask J, Dey A, McIntyre PB. Trends and patterns in vaccination objection, Australia, 2002-2013. Med J Aust. 2016;204(7):275. doi:10.5694/mja15.01226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton S, Cortina-Borja M, Dezateux C, Griffiths LJ, Tingay K, Akbari A, Bandyopadhyay A, Lyons RA, Bedford H. Measuring the timeliness of childhood vaccinations: using cohort data and routine health records to evaluate quality of immunisation services. Vaccine. 2017;35(51):7166–73. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce A, Marshall H, Bedford H, Lynch J. Barriers to childhood immunisation: findings from the longitudinal study of Australian Children. Vaccine. 2015;33(29):3377–83. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leask J, Kinnersley P, Jackson C, Cheater F, Bedford H, Rowles G. Communicating with parents about vaccination: a framework for health professionals. BMC Pediatr. 2012;12(1):154. doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homel J, Edwards B. Factors associated with delayed infant immunization in a nationally representative cohort study. Child Care Health Dev. 2018;44(4):583–91. doi:10.1111/cch.12560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leask J, Danchin M. Imposing penalties for vaccine rejection requires strong scrutiny. J Paediatr Child Health. 2017;53(5):439–44. doi:10.1111/jpc.13472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Immunization, vaccines and biologicals - Data, statistics and graphics. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/data/en/.
   Google Scholar
• Bechini A, Boccalini S, Ninci A, Zanobini P, Sartor G, Bonaccorsi G, Grazzini M, Bonanni P. Childhood vaccination coverage in Europe: impact of different public health policies. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019;18(7):693–701. doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1639502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill H, Elam-Evans L, Yankey D, Singleton J, Kang Y. Vaccination coverage among children aged 19–35 months — United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67:1123–28. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6740a4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Disease factsheet about poliomyelitis. [accessed 2020 Feb 13]. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/poliomyelitis/facts.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Polio elimination in the United States. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.cdc.gov/polio/what-is-polio/polio-us.html.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Diphtheria - number of reported cases. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/diphtheria—number-of-reported-cases.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Neonatal tetanus - number of reported cases. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/neonatal-tetanus—number-of-reported-cases.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. About Tetanus. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/about/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Disease factsheet about tetanus. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/tetanus/facts.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Surveillance for viral hepatitis – united States, 2017 [accessed 2020 Feb 13]. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2017surveillance/index.htm#hepatitisB.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Hepatitis B - Annual epidemiological report for 2017. [accessed 2020 Feb 26]. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/hepatitis-B-annual-epidemiological-report-2017.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Pertussis - Annual epidemiological report 2016 [2014 data]. [accessed 2020 Feb 13]. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/pertussis-annual-epidemiological-report-2016-2014-data.
   Google Scholar
• Skoff TH, Hadler S, Hariri S. The epidemiology of nationally reported pertussis in the United States, 2000–2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;68(10):1634–40. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon S. Spotlight on DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine (Infanrix hexa™)†. Biodrugs. 2010;24(5):299–302. doi:10.2165/11206690-000000000-00000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omeñaca F, Vázquez L, Garcia-Corbeira P, Mesaros N, Hanssens L, Dolhain J, Gómez IP, Liese J, Knuf M. Immunization of preterm infants with GSK’s hexavalent combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: A review of safety and immunogenicity. Vaccine. 2018;36(7):986–96. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obando-Pacheco P, Rivero-Calle I, Gómez-Rial J, Rodríguez-Tenreiro Sánchez C, Martinón-Torres F. New perspectives for hexavalent vaccines. Vaccine. 2018;36(36):5485–94. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon S. DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine (Infanrix hexa™). Drugs. 2010;70(8):1021–58. doi:10.2165/11204830-000000000-00000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldo V, Bonanni P, Castro M, Gabutti G, Franco E, Marchetti F, Prato R, Vitale F. Combined hexavalent diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; Infanrix™ hexa. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(1):129–37. doi:10.4161/hv.26269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar