RNA cancer vaccines: developing mRNA nanovaccine with self-adjuvant property for cancer immunotherapy

References

• Miller JF, Sadelain M. The journey from discoveries in fundamental immunology to cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell. 2015;27:439–49. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2015.03.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantoff PW, Higano CS, Shore ND, Berger ER, Small EJ, Penson DF, Redfern CH, Ferrari AC, Dreicer R, Sims RB, et al. Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:411–22. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolgin E. How COVID unlocked the power of RNA vaccines. Nature. 2021;589:189–91. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00019-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richner JM, Himansu S, Dowd KA, Butler SL, Salazar V, Fox JM, Julander JG, Tang WW, Shresta S, Pierson TC, et al. Modified mRNA vaccines protect against zika virus infection. Cell. 2017;168:1114–25 e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin U, Oehm P, Derhovanessian E, Jabulowsky RA, Vormehr M, Gold M, Maurus D, Schwarck-Kokarakis D, Kuhn AN, Omokoko, T, et al. An RNA vaccine drives immunity in checkpoint-inhibitor-treated melanoma. Nature. 2020;585:107–12. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2537-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard C, Rejman J, De Haes W, Verrier B, Van Gulck E, Naessens T, De Smedt S, Bogaert P, Grooten J, Vanham G, et al. Type I IFN counteracts the induction of antigen-specific immune responses by lipid-based delivery of mRNA vaccines. Mol Ther. 2013;21(1):251–59. doi:10.1038/mt.2012.202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kariko K, Buckstein M, Ni H, Weissman D. Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll-like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and the evolutionary origin of RNA. Immunity. 2005;23:165–75. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtkamp S, Kreiter S, Selmi A, Simon P, Koslowski M, Huber C, Türeci O, Sahin U. Modification of antigen-encoding RNA increases stability, translational efficacy, and T-cell stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells. Blood. 2006;108:4009. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-04-015024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardi N, Hogan MJ, Weissman D. Recent advances in mRNA vaccine technology. Curr Opin Immunol. 2020;65:14–20. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2020.01.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung YH, Beiss V, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccine frontrunners and their nanotechnology design. ACS Nano. 2020;14:12522–37. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c07197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang NN, Li XF, Deng YQ, Zhao H, Huang YJ, Yang G, Huang W-J, Gao P, Zhou C, Zhang -R-R, et al. A thermostable mRNA vaccine against COVID-19. Cell. 2020;182:1271–83 e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndeupen S, Qin Z, Jacobsen S, Estanbouli H, Bouteau A, Igyarto BZ. The mRNA-LNP platform’s lipid nanoparticle component used in preclinical vaccine studies is highly inflammatory. bioRxiv. 2021. doi:10.1101/2021.03.04.430128.
   Google Scholar
• Bachmann MF, Jennings GT. Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10:787–96. doi:10.1038/nri2868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harding CV, Ramachandra L. Presenting exogenous antigen to T cells. Curr Protoc Immunol. Vol. 88. 2010; Chapter 16:Unit 16 2. p. 16.2.1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang H, You X, Wang X, Cui L, Wang Z, Xu F, Li M, Yang Z, Liu J, Huang P, et al. Delivery of mRNA vaccine with a lipid-like material potentiates antitumor efficacy through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021;118(6): e2005191118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005191118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love KT, Mahon KP, Levins CG, Whitehead KA, Querbes W, Dorkin JR, Qin J, Cantley W, Qin LL, Racie T, et al. Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:1864–69. doi:10.1073/pnas.0910603106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen DN, Mahon KP, Chikh G, Kim P, Chung H, Vicari AP, Love KT, Goldberg M, Chen S, Krieg AM, et al. Lipid-derived nanoparticles for immunostimulatory RNA adjuvant delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:E797–803. doi:10.1073/pnas.1121423109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu X, Xie K, Zhang XQ, Pridgen EM, Park GY, Cui DS, Shi J, Wu J, Kantoff PW, Lippard SJ, et al. Enhancing tumor cell response to chemotherapy through nanoparticle-mediated codelivery of siRNA and cisplatin prodrug. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:18638–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303958110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollingsworth RE, Jansen K. Turning the corner on therapeutic cancer vaccines. NPJ Vaccines. 2019;4:7. doi:10.1038/s41541-019-0103-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopanenko AV, Kosobokova EN, Kosorukov VS. Main strategies for the identification of neoantigens. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(10):2879. doi:10.3390/cancers12102879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tay RE, Richardson EK, Toh HC. Revisiting the role of CD4(+) T cells in cancer immunotherapy-new insights into old paradigms. Cancer Gene Ther. 2021;28:5–17. doi:10.1038/s41417-020-0183-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffman RL, Sher A, Seder RA. Vaccine adjuvants: putting innate immunity to work. Immunity. 2010;33:492–503. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2010.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Ohto U, Shibata T, Krayukhina E, Taoka M, Yamauchi Y, Tanji H, Isobe T, Uchiyama S, Miyake K, et al. Structural analysis reveals that Toll-like receptor 7 is a dual receptor for guanosine and single-stranded RNA. Immunity. 2016;45:737–48. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanji H, Ohto U, Shibata T, Taoka M, Yamauchi Y, Isobe T, Miyake K, Shimizu T. Toll-like receptor 8 senses degradation products of single-stranded RNA. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2015;22:109–15. doi:10.1038/nsmb.2943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranz LM, Diken M, Haas H, Kreiter S, Loquai C, Reuter KC, Meng M, Fritz D, Vascotto F, Hefesha H, et al. Systemic RNA delivery to dendritic cells exploits antiviral defence for cancer immunotherapy. Nature. 2016;534:396–401. doi:10.1038/nature18300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miao L, Li L, Huang Y, Delcassian D, Chahal J, Han J, Shi Y, Sadtler K, Gao W, Lin J, et al. Delivery of mRNA vaccines with heterocyclic lipids increases anti-tumor efficacy by STING-mediated immune cell activation. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37:1174–85. doi:10.1038/s41587-019-0247-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo M, Wang H, Wang Z, Cai H, Lu Z, Li Y, Du M, Huang G, Wang C, Chen X, et al. A STING-activating nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Nanotechnol. 2017;12:648–54. doi:10.1038/nnano.2017.52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S, Luo M, Wang Z, Feng Q, Wilhelm J, Wang X, Li W, Wang J, Cholka A, Fu Y-X, et al. Prolonged activation of innate immune pathways by a polyvalent STING agonist. Nat Biomed Eng. 2021. doi:10.1038/s41551-020-00675-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetab Boushehri MA, Lamprecht A. TLR4-based immunotherapeutics in cancer: a review of the achievements and shortcomings. Mol Pharm. 2018;15:4777–800. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran MA, Glisson BS. New hope for therapeutic cancer vaccines in the era of immune checkpoint modulation. Annu Rev Med. 2019;70:409–24. doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050217-121900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanmamed MF, Chen L. A paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy: from enhancement to normalization. Cell. 2018;175:313–26. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Z, Leet DE, Allesoe RL, Oliveira G, Li S, Luoma AM, Liu J, Forman J, Huang T, Iorgulescu JB, et al. Personal neoantigen vaccines induce persistent memory T cell responses and epitope spreading in patients with melanoma. Nat Med. 2021;27:515–25. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-01206-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar