References
- Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. COVID-19 map. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html .
- Yen M-Y, Schwartz J, Chen S-Y, King C-C, Yang G-Y, Hsueh P-R. Interrupting COVID-19 transmission by implementing enhanced traffic control bundling: implications for global prevention and control efforts. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020;53:377–80. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.011.
- Kaur SP, Gupta V. COVID-19 vaccine: a comprehensive status report. Virus Res. 2020;288:198114. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198114 .
- McGill COVID19 Vaccine Tracker Team. COVID19 vaccine tracker. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/ .
- BBC NEWS. Covid-19 vaccine: first person receives Pfizer jab in UK. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-55227325#:~:text=A%20UK%20grandmother%20has%20become,%22best%20early%20birthday%20present%22 .
- Tanne JH. Covid-19: FDA panel votes to approve Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. BMJ2020;371:m4799. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4799.
- Pierri F, Pavanetto S, Brambilla M, Ceri S. VaccinItaly: monitoring Italian conversations around vaccines on Twitter. arXiv Preprint arXiv. 2101.03757. 2021. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03757v3 .
- Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health. COVID-19 dashboard. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://covid19.moh.gov.sa/ .
- Saudi Press Agency. SFDA approves registration of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2166947 .
- Saudi Press Agency. Health minister launches a vaccination campaign against Coronavirus, free of charge for citizens and residents. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2170026 .
- Saudi Press Agency. MOH announces starting registration of taking COVID-19 vaccine for citizens and residents. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2168246 .
- Saudi Press Agency. MoH: registration for taking COVID-19 vaccine via Sehaty App, receiving a date within 24 hours. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2175202 .
- Saudi Press Agency. COVID-19 Follow-up Committee Holds Daily Briefing. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2074704 .
- Saudi Press Agency. HRH crown prince receives 1st dose of coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2172364 .
- Reuters. Saudi king receives first dose of a coronavirus vaccine -SPA. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-saudi-king-idUSKBN29D2PM .
- Saudi Press Agency. Ministry of health and SDAIA launch “Medical Passport” Via (Tawakkalna). [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2176874.
- Fridman A, Gershon R, Gneez A. COVID-19 and vaccine hesitancy: a longitudinal study. PloS One. 2021;16:e0250123. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250123.
- Bish A, Yardley L, Nicoll A, Michie S. Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2011;29:6472–84. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.107.
- Cordina M, Lauri MA. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy and intention to take the vaccine. Pharmacy Practice (Granada). 2021;19:2317.
- Sallam M. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy worldwide: a concise systematic review of vaccine acceptance rates. Vaccines. 2021;9:160. doi:10.3390/vaccines9020160.
- Kreps S, Prasad S, Brownstein JS, Hswen Y, Garibaldi BT, Zhang B, Kriner DL. Factors associated with US adults’ likelihood of accepting COVID-19 vaccination. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3:e2025594–e2025594. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25594.
- Ditekemena JD, Nkamba DM, Mavoko AM, Hypolite M, Fodjo JNS, Luhata C, Obimpeh M, Hees SV, Nachega JB, Colebunders R. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional survey. Vaccines. 2021;9:153. doi:10.3390/vaccines9020153.
- Saied SM, Saied EM, Kabbash IA, Abdo SAE. Vaccine hesitancy: beliefs and barriers associated with COVID‐19 vaccination among Egyptian medical students. J Med Virol. 2021;93:4280–91. doi:10.1002/jmv.26910.
- Khan YH, Mallhi TH, Alotaibi NH, Alzarea AI, Alanazi AS, Tanveer N, Hashmi FK. Threat of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan: the need for measures to neutralize misleading narratives. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103:603–04. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0654.
- Almaghaslah D, Alsayari A, Kandasamy G, Rajalakshimi Vasudevan COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy among young adults in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional web-based study. Vaccines. 2021;9:330. doi:10.3390/vaccines9040330.
- Machida M, Nakamura I, Kojima T, Saito R, Nakaya T, Hanibuchi T, Takamiya T, Odagiri Y, Fukushima N, Kikuchi H. Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines. 2021;9:210. doi:10.3390/vaccines9030210.
- Harapan H, Wagner AL, Yufika A, Winardi W, Anwar S, Gan AK, Setiawan AM, Rajamoorthy Y, Sofyan H, Mudatsir M. Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine in southeast Asia: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Front Public Health. 2020;8. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00381.
- Al-Mohaithef M, Padhi BK. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Saudi Arabia: a web-based national survey. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2020;13:1657. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S276771.
- Sadler GR, Lee H, Lim RS, Fullerton J. Recruitment of hard‐to‐reach population subgroups via adaptations of the snowball sampling strategy. Nurs Health Sci. 2010;12:369–74. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00541.x.
- Ryan TP. Sample size determination and power. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
- Upton GJG. Fisher’s exact test. J R Stat Soc. 1992;155:395–402. doi:10.2307/2982890.
- Roberts G, Rao NK, Kumar S. Logistic regression analysis of sample survey data. Biometrika. 1987;74:1–12. doi:10.1093/biomet/74.1.1.
- Lemeshow SA, Hosmer JR. Logistic regression. In: Armitage P, Colton T, editors. Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. Vol 2. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 2005. p. 2870–2888.
- Fagerland MW, Hosmer DW. A generalized Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for multinomial logistic regression models. Stata J. 2012;12:447–53. doi:10.1177/1536867X1201200307.
- Hanley JA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology: the state of the art. Crit Rev Diagn Imaging. 1989;29:307–35.
- Mansfield ER, Helms BP. Detecting multicollinearity. Am Stat. 1982;36:158–60.
- Gagneux-Brunon A, Detoc M, Bruel S, Tardy B, Rozaire O, Frappe P. Intention to get vaccinations against COVID-19 in French healthcare workers during the first pandemic wave: a cross sectional survey. J Hosp Infect. 2021;108:168–73. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.020. PMID: 33259883.
- Kose S, Mandiracioglu A, Sahin S, Kaynar T, Karbus O, Ozbel Y. Vaccine hesitancy of the COVID-19 by health care personnel. Int J Clin Pract. 2021; 75:e13917. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13917.
- Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD, Fang H. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines. 2020;8:482. doi:10.3390/vaccines8030482.
- Bell S, Clarke R, Mounier-Jack S, Walker JL, Paterson P. Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: a multi-methods study in England. Vaccine. 2020;38:7789–98. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.027.
- Loomba S, de Figueiredo A, Piatek, SJ. Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA. Nat Hum Behav5. 2021:337–348. doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01056-1.
- Wilson SL, Wiysonge C. Social media and vaccine hesitancy. BMJ Global Health. 2020;5:e004206. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004206.
- Mahase E. Covid-19: What new variants are emerging and how are they being investigated?. BMJ. 2021;372:n158. doi:10.1136/bmj.n158. PMID:33462092.
- Wise J. Covid-19: new coronavirus variant is identified in UK. Br Med J Publ Group. 2020;m4857. doi:10.1136/bmj.m4857.
- Saudi Press Agency. Minister of health reassures the public: variant mutant strain not more infectious than the current coronavirus, vaccines deemed effective against it. [accessed 2021 Jan 25]. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2171215 .
- Fu C, Wei Z, Pei S, Li S, Sun X, Liu P. Acceptance and preference for COVID-19 vaccination in health-care workers (HCWs). medRxiv. Preprint. Available at: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060103v1. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.20060103v1.
- Grech V, Gauci C, Agius S. Vaccine hesitancy among Maltese healthcare workers toward influenza and novel COVID-19 vaccination. Early Hum Dev. 2020:105213. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.
- Reuters. Denmark developing digital COVID-19 ‘vaccine passport’. [accessed 2021 February 4]. https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-denmark-travel/denmark-developing-digital-covid-19-vaccine-passport-idUSL8N2JJ20U .
- Pennings S, Symons X. Persuasion, not coercion or incentivisation, is the best means of promoting COVID-19 vaccination. J Med Ethics. 2021;medethics-2020-107076. doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-107076.
- Voo TC, Clapham H, Tam CC. Ethical implementation of immunity Passports during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Dis. 2020;222:715–18. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa352.
- Fenner F, Henderson DA, Arita I, Jezek Z, Ladnyi ID. Developments in vaccination and control. In: Smallpox and its Eradication Chapter 7. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988. p. 302–307.
- von Tigerstrom BJ, Halabi SF, Wilson KR. The International Health Regulations (2005) and the re-establishment of international travel amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. J Travel Med. 2020;27:taaa127. doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa127.
- World Health Organization. Statement on the sixth meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Geneva. 15;2021 January:2005.
- World Health Organization. 2008. International health regulations (2005). Geneva: World Health Organization.
- Copeland KT, Checkoway H, McMichael AJ, Holbrook RH. Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;105:488–95. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112408.
- General Authority for statistics. Bulletin of Individuals and Households’ ICT Access and Usage Survey. 2019. [accessed 2021 February 4]. https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/952 .
- Magadmi RM, Kamel FO. Beliefs and Barriers Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Research Square; 2020. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-48955/v1.