Immunogenicity and safety of human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) vs. purified Vero cell vaccine (PVRV) vs. purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV) used in post-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

References

• Banyard AC, McElhinney LM, Johnson N, Fooks AR. Introduction history of rabies control by vaccination. Introduction history of rabies control by vaccination. Rev Sci Tech. 2018;37(2):305–11. doi:10.20506/rst.37.2.2804 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fooks AR, Cliquet F, Finke S, Freuling C, Hemachudha T, Mani RS, Müller T, Nadin-Davis S, Picard-Meyer E, Wilde H, et al. Rabies. Nat Rev Dis Primers Published 2017 Nov 30. 2017;3:17091. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampson K, Coudeville L, Lembo T, Sambo M, Kieffer A, Attlan M, Barrat J, Blanton JD, Briggs DJ, Cleaveland S, et al. Correction: estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(5):e0003786. Published 2015 May 11. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003786 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. WHO expert consultation on rabies: third report. World Health Organization; 2018 [accessed 2021 Dec 1]‎. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272364 .
   Google Scholar
• Li T, Wang X, Cheng H. Meta-analysis of immunogenicity and safety of human rabies vaccination under Zagreb and Essen regimens. J Comp Eff Res. 2020;9(7):459–68. doi:10.2217/cer-2019-0202 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher CR, Schnell MJ. New developments in rabies vaccination. New developments in rabies vaccination. Rev Sci Tech. 2018;37(2):657–72. doi:10.20506/rst.37.2.2831 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toovey S. Preventing rabies with the Verorab vaccine: 1985-2005 Twenty years of clinical experience. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2007;5(6):327–48. doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.07.004 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu J, Wang S, Zhou R, Liu H, Gan X, Wei M, Zhu F, Meng F, Hou W. Long-term immunity and the effect of one or two booster doses with a lyophilized human rabies vaccine (human diploid cells) at 10 years post primary vaccination in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(9):3162–68. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1906601 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Q, Liu MQ, Zhu ZG, Zhu ZR, Lu S. Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of purified chick embryo cell vaccine using Zagreb and Essen regimens in patients with category II exposure in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(6):1645–49. doi:10.4161/hv.28420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayaz A, Simani S, Janani A, Farahtaj F, Biglari P, Howeizi N, Eslami N. Antibody persistence, 32 years after post-exposure prophylaxis with human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV). Vaccine. 2011;29(21):3742–45. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.048 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen H, Wang Z, Yang B, Cai K, Jiang C, Xie R, Xiao H, Ren Q, Qi Z, Li J, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of purified vero cell-cultured rabies vaccine under Zagreb 2-1-1 or 5-dose Essen regimen in the healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, positive controlled phase 3 clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(2):351–57. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1778408 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheiermann N, Baer J, Hilfenhaus J, Marcus I, Zoulek G. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the newly developed purified chick embryo cell (PCEC)-rabies vaccine in man. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1987;265(3–4):439–50. doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(87)80263-8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arora A, Moeller L, Froeschle J. Safety and immunogenicity of a new chromatographically purified rabies vaccine in comparison to the human diploid cell vaccine. J Travel Med. 2004;11(4):195–99. doi:10.2310/7060.2004.19001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li R. Safety and immunogenicity of domestic lyophilized rabies vaccine for human use. Forum Primary Med. 2020;24(10):1459–60. doi:10.19435/j.1672-1721.2020.10.078 .
   Google Scholar
• Fan B, Qiao FT, Zhang XH, Lei XK, Wang N, Tang HS, Miao YL, Guo JH, et al. Comparative analysis of safety between human diploid rabies vaccine and Vero cell purified rabies vaccine. Chin J Appl Med. 2019;14(36):143–44. doi:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.36.078.
   Google Scholar
• Chen XL, Lu CT. Observation on adverse reaction and nursing effect of 400 cases inoculated with freeze-dried human rabies vaccine. Int J Med Health Rev. 2018;24:1720–23 .
   Google Scholar
• Peng J, Lu S, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Hu Q, Fang Y. Safety comparison of four types of rabies vaccines in patients with WHO category II animal exposure: an observation based on different age groups. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(47):e5049. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000005049 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bose A, Munshi R, Tripathy RM, Madhusudana SN, Harish BR, Thaker S, Mahendra BJ, Gunale B, Gogtay NJ, Thatte UM, et al. A randomized non-inferiority clinical study to assess post-exposure prophylaxis by a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (Rabivax-S) administered by intramuscular and intradermal routes. Vaccine. 2016;34(40):4820–26. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.005 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramezankhani R, Shirzadi MR, Ramezankhani A, Poor Mozafary J. A comparative study on the adverse reactions of purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCECV) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV). Arch Iran Med. 2016;19:502–07 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang Y, Chen L, Liu MQ, Zhu ZG, Zhu ZR, Hu Q. Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of PVRV and PCECV immunized in patients with WHO category II animal exposure: a study based on different age groups. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(12):e3412. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003412 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LY, Sun MP, Zhang XC, Suo L-D, Xu R-H, Zou Y-J, Zuo L-B, Qi H. Safety and immunogenicity of two freeze-dried Vero cell rabies vaccines for human use in post-exposure prophylaxis. Vaccine. 2011;29(15):2679–81. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.053 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu H, Huang G, Tang Q, Li J, Cao S, Fu C, Cao Q, Liu B, Pan H, Wang M, et al. The immunogenicity and safety of vaccination with purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) in China under a 2-1-1 regimen. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7(2):220–24. doi:10.4161/hv.7.2.14003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwathnarayana DH, Madhusudana SN, Sampath G, Sathpathy DM, Mankeshwar R, Ravish HHS, Ullas PT, Behra TR, Sudarshan MK, Manjula Shamanna G. A comparative study on the safety and immunogenicity of Purified duck embryo vaccine [corrected] (PDEV, Vaxirab) with purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC, Rabipur) and purifed vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV, Verorab) [published correction appears in vaccine. 2010 Mar 16;28(13):2575]. Vaccine. 2009;28(1):148–51. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu HP, Zhou CE, Liu YB, Xiong L. Immune effect analysis of freeze-dried purified rabies vaccine (Vero cells). Chin J Public Health Manage. 2007;01:47–48. doi:10.19568/j.cnki.23-1318.2007.01.030 .
   Google Scholar
• Cao Q, Huang GH, Wen SY, Pan H, Zhang DM. Clinical safety observation of 2430 cases of Chengda and Weibo rabies vaccine. J Trop Med. 2007;7:693–94 .
   Google Scholar
• Sampath G, Reddy SV, Rao ML, Rao YU, Palaniappan C. An immunogenicity study of a newly introduced purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (Abhayrab) manufactured in India. Vaccine. 2005;23(7):897–900. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.08.001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WB, Wang P. Analysis and evaluation of clinical application of human diploid rabies vaccine in 53 cases. Chin J Drug Appl. 2018;12(15):102–04. doi:10.14164/j.cnki.cn11-5581/r.2018.15.058 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu XB, Hu P, Wang L. Comparison of immunization program of rabies vaccine inoculation with 5 injections and 2-1-1 4 injections. Occup Health Inj. 2012;27:233–34 .
   Google Scholar
• Lu S, Zhu ZG, Fu YA. Safety observation of human rabies vaccine with purified chicken embryo cells (freeze-dried). Public Health Prevent Med. 2010;21:20–22 .
   Google Scholar
• Niu HQ, Yue WL, Zhao HB. Analysis of adverse reactions after rabies vaccination. Henan J Prevent Med. 2019;30(3):188–90. doi:10.13515/j.cnki.hnjpm.1006-8414.2019.03.009 .
   Google Scholar
• Shao W, Zheng YS, Zhang J, Jiang YZ, Jiang XY. Observation on the efficacy and safety of ”2-1-1” program of post-exposure immunization against rabies vaccine. Chin J General Pract. 2013;11(11):1768–69. doi:10.16766/j.cnki.1674-4152.2013.11.019 .
   Google Scholar
• Briggs DJ, Banzhoff A, Nicolay U, Sirikwin S, Dumavibhat B, Tongswas S, Wasi C. Antibody response of patients after postexposure rabies vaccination with small intradermal doses of purified chick embryo cell vaccine or purified Vero cell rabies vaccine. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78:693–98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjavongkulchai M, Kositprapa C, Limsuwun K, Khawplod P, Thipkong P, Chomchey P, Yountong P, Naraporn N, Ayuthya AB, Raksakate S, et al. An immunogenicity and efficacy study of purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine manufactured in Japan. Vaccine. 1997;15(17–18):1816–19. doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00143-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirikun J, Suputtamongkol Y, Rattanachinakorn P, Primsirikunawut A. Immunogenic response in obese patients undergoing rabies post-exposure prophylaxis with combined equine rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccination. Vaccine. 2018;36(2):285–91. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.058 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashwath Narayana DH, Madhusudana SN, Sampath G, Tripathy RM, Sudarshan MK, Gangaboraiah, Ravish HS, Satapathy DM, Gowda G, Holla R, et al. Safety and immunogenicity study of a new purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine Vaxirab-N (Pitman-Moore strain) manufactured in India. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(1):120–25. doi:10.4161/hv.26456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudarshan MK, Bhardwaj S, Mahendra BJ, Sharma H, Sanjay TV, Ashwathnarayana DH, Bilagumba G. An immunogenicity, safety and post-marketing surveillance of a novel adsorbed human diploid cell rabies vaccine (Rabivax®) in Indian subjects. Hum Vaccin. 2008;4(4):275–79. doi:10.4161/hv.4.4.5588 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan YY, Du XY, Liu JQ, Zhou L, Zhang X. Study on safety of human diploid rabies vaccine after inoculation. J Prevent Med Intell. 2018;34:636–41 .
   Google Scholar
• Wilde H, Glueck R, Khawplod P, Cryz SJ, Tantawichien T, Thipkong P, Chomchey P, Prakongsri S, Benjavongkulchai M, Sumboonanondha A, et al. Efficacy study of a new albumin-free human diploid cell rabies vaccine (Lyssavac-HDC, Berna) in 100 severely rabies-exposed Thai patients. Vaccine. 1995;13(6):593–96. doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)00049-s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson LJ, Sikes RK, Langkop CW, Mann JM, Smith JS, Winkler WG, Deitch MW. Postexposure trial of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1980;142(2):133–38. doi:10.1093/infdis/142.2.133 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahmanyar M, Fayaz A, Nour-Salehi S, Mohammadi M, Koprowski H. Successful protection of humans exposed to rabies infection. Postexposure treatment with the new human diploid cell rabies vaccine and antirabies serum. 1976. Wilderness Environ Med. 2000;11(1):42–46. doi:10.1580/1080-6032(2000)011 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibunruang S, Tepsumethanon S, Raksakhet N, Tantawichien T. Rabies immunization of travelers in a canine rabies endemic area. J Travel Med. 2013;20(3):159–64. doi:10.1111/jtm.12023 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tantawichien T, Benjavongkulchai M, Limsuwan K, Khawplod P, Kaewchompoo W, Chomchey P, Sitprija V. Antibody response after a four-site intradermal booster vaccination with cell-culture rabies vaccine. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;28(5):1100–03. doi:10.1086/514737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langedijk AC, De Pijper CA, Spijker R, Holman R, Grobusch MP, Stijnis C. Rabies antibody response after booster immunization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(12):1932–47. doi:10.1093/cid/ciy420 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan SN, Zhang FY. Research on rabies and human rabies vaccine. Med Inf. 2011;24:2841–43 .
   Google Scholar
• Sun CQ. Current situation and progress of rabies virus vaccine production. Int J Med. 1997;03:79–82 .
   Google Scholar
• Li YY, Dai BX, Tan LX, Zhang CQ, Li HJ, Zhang WT. Research progress of rabies vaccine. Biotechnology. 2017;01:100–04 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson KG, Turner GS. Studies with human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine and human antirabies immunoglobulin in man. Dev Biol Stand. 1978;40:115–20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu WC. Effect of systematic injection of rabies immunoglobulin on the immune effect of rabies vaccine [dissertation]. Dalian (CN): Biological Engineering; 2017 .
   Google Scholar
• Deng SP, Yang KM, Liu XX, Zhan FQ, Tong QH. Observation on the immune effect of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin. Chin J Trop Med. 2007;08:1412–13 .
   Google Scholar
• Ai CL, Xie YM, Li MQ, Wang LX, Liao X. Incidence rate of adverse reaction/event by Qingkailing injection: a meta-analysis of single rate. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2015;40:4770–78 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rouse B, Chaimani A, Li T. Network meta-analysis: an introduction for clinicians. Intern Emerg Med. 2017;12(1):103–11. doi:10.1007/s11739-016-1583-7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Lu Q, Zhu XP, Wang G, Zhou XY. Meta-analysis of the incidence of adverse reactions to human diploid rabies vaccine. Chin J Emergency Resuscitation Disaster Med. 2019;14:548–52. doi:10.3969/j.1673-6966.2019.06.015 .
   Google Scholar
• Wang J, Luo F, Feng Z, Li L, Bai Y, Ai X, Ma J, Zhang Z, Shi N. Immunogenicity and safety of purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) produced by Liaoning Cheng Da Co. under Zagreb 2-1-1 or 5-dose Essen regimen in Chinese adults aged 50 and above. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(1):144–50. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1230260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YB. Development of modern rabies vaccine production technology. Paper presented at: 2nd Annual Conference of Chinese Preventive Medical Association and 2nd Annual Conference of Global Chinese Public Health Association; 2006 Nov; Xianghe, Hebei, China .
   Google Scholar