2,393
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Coronavirus – Research Paper

A comparison of seasonal influenza and novel Covid-19 vaccine intentions: A cross-sectional survey of vaccine hesitant adults in England during the 2020 pandemic

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2085461 | Received 31 Mar 2022, Accepted 27 May 2022, Published online: 11 Jul 2022

References

  • Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(1):1–12. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
  • WHO. Who sage roadmap for prioritising use of covid-19 vaccines. Issued 20 October 2020, Latest update 21 January 2022, WHO SAGE
  • Irwin A, Nkengasong J. What it will take to vaccinate the world against COVID-19. Nature. 2021;592(7853):176–178. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00727-3.
  • Thomson A, Robinson K, Vallée-Tourangeau G. The 5as: a practical taxonomy for the determinants of vaccine uptake. Vaccine. 2016;34(8):1018–1024. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.065.
  • Larson HJ, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Smith DMD, Paterson P. Understanding vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic review of published literature, 2007–2012. Vaccine. 2014;32(19):2150–2159. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.081.
  • Bedford H, Attwell K, Danchin M, Marshall H, Corben P, Leask J. Vaccine hesitancy, refusal and access barriers: the need for clarity in terminology. Vaccine. 2018;36(44):6556–6558. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.004.
  • MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy: definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine. 2015;33(34):4161–4164. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
  • Yaqub O, Castle-Clarke S, Sevdalis N, Chataway J. Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review. Soc Sci Med. 2014;112:1–11. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.018.
  • World Health Organization. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior: a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy 2005 – 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
  • Kan T, Zhang J. Factors influencing seasonal influenza vaccination behaviour among elderly people: a systematic review. Public Health. 2018;156:67–78. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.12.007.
  • Schmid P, Rauber D, Betsch C, Lidolt G, Denker M-L. Barriers of influenza vaccination intention and behavior – a systematic review of influenza vaccine hesitancy, 2005 – 2016. PloS One. 2017;12(1):e0170550. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170550.
  • Bish A, Yardley L, Nicoll A, Michie S. Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2011;29(38):6472–6484. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.107.
  • Tyson A, Johnson C, Funk C. US public now divided over whether to get COVID-19 vaccine. Vol. 17, Washington, DC: Pew Research Center; 2020.
  • Troiano G, Nardi A. Vaccine hesitancy in the era of COVID-19. Public Health. 2021;194:245–251. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.025.
  • Ferdinand KC, Nedunchezhian S, Reddy TK. The COVID-19 and influenza “Twindemic”: barriers to influenza vaccination and potential acceptance of SARS-CoV2 vaccination in African Americans. J Natl Med Assoc. 2020;112(6):681–687. doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.11.001.
  • Gostin LO, Salmon DA. The dual epidemics of COVID-19 and influenza: vaccine acceptance, coverage, and mandates. Jama. 2020;324(4):335–336. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.10802.
  • Johnson KD, Akingbola O, Anderson J, Hart J, Chapple A, Woods C, Yeary K, McLean A. Combatting a “twin-demic”: a quantitative assessment of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy in primary care patients. Health Promot Perspect. 2021;11(2):179. doi:10.34172/hpp.2021.22.
  • Jang SH. Avoiding a “Twindemic”: sociodemographic factors associated with the influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2021;33(4):434–437. doi:10.1177/10105395211014327.
  • Belongia EA, Osterholm MT. COVID-19 and flu, a perfect storm. Science. 2020;368(6496):1163. doi:10.1126/science.abd2220.
  • Marín-Hernández D, Schwartz RE, Nixon DF. Epidemiological evidence for association between higher influenza vaccine uptake in the elderly and lower COVID-19 deaths in Italy. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):64–65. doi:10.1002/jmv.26120.
  • Mercadante AR, Law AV. Will they, or won’t they? Examining patients’ vaccine intention for flu and COVID-19 using the health belief model. Res Social Administrative Pharm. 2021;17(9):1596–1605. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.12.012.
  • Maltezou HC, Theodoridou K, Poland G. Influenza immunization and COVID-19. Vaccine. 2020;38(39):6078–6079. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.058.
  • Sweney M. Moderna aims to launch single Covid and flu booster jab within two years. 2022 [accessed 20 January 2022].
  • Oakley S, Bouchet J, Costello P, Parker J. Influenza vaccine uptake among at-risk adults (aged 16–64 years) in the UK: a retrospective database analysis. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1734. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11736-2.
  • Kassianos G, Banerjee A, Baron-Papillon F, Hampson AW, McElhaney JE, McGeer A, Rigoine de Fougerolles T, Rothholz M, Seale H, Tan LJ, et al. Key policy and programmatic factors to improve influenza vaccination rates based on the experience from four high-performing countries. Drugs Context. 2021;10. doi:10.7573/dic.2020-9-5.
  • Li Q, Tang B, Bragazzi NL, Xiao Y, Wu J. Modeling the impact of mass influenza vaccination and public health interventions on COVID-19 epidemics with limited detection capability. Math Biosci. 2020;325:108378. doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2020.108378.
  • Yeung MPS, Lam FLY, Coker R. Factors associated with the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination in adults: a systematic review. J Public Health (Bangkok). 2016;38(4):746–753. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv194.
  • Stowe J, Tessier E, Zhao H, Guy R, Muller-Pebody B, Zambon M, Andrews N, Ramsay M, Lopez Bernal J. Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, and the impact of coinfection on disease severity: a test-negative design. Int J Epidemiol. 2021;50(4):1124–1133. doi:10.1093/ije/dyab081.
  • Pathak S, Jolly MK, Nandi D. Countries with high deaths due to flu and tuberculosis demonstrate lower COVID-19 mortality: roles of vaccinations. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2021;17(9):2851–2862. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1908058.
  • Palamenghi L, Barello S, Boccia S, Graffigna G. Mistrust in biomedical research and vaccine hesitancy: the forefront challenge in the battle against COVID-19 in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(8):785–788. doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00675-8.
  • Wise J. Vaccinating against covid and flu at same time is safe, study shows. Bmj. 2021;375:n2411. doi:10.1136/bmj.n2411.
  • Davis CJ, Golding M, McKay R. Efficacy information influences intention to take COVID-19 vaccine. Br J Health Psychol. 2021;27(2):300–319. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12546.
  • Myers LB, Goodwin R. Using a theoretical framework to determine adults’ intention to vaccinate against pandemic swine flu in priority groups in the UK. Public Health. 2012;126 Suppl 1:S53–s56. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.024.
  • Shmueli L. Predicting intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among the general population using the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior model. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):804. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10816-7.
  • Fall E, Izaute M, Chakroun-Baggioni N. How can the health belief model and self-determination theory predict both influenza vaccination and vaccination intention? a longitudinal study among university students. Psychol Health. 2018;33(6):746–764. doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1401623.
  • Armitage CJ, Conner M. Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: a meta‐analytic review. Br J Social Psychol. 2001;40(4):471–499. doi:10.1348/014466601164939.
  • Wong MCS, Wong ELY, Huang J, Cheung AWL, Law K, Chong MKC, Ng RWY, Lai CKC, Boon SS, Lau JTF, et al. Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: a population-based survey in Hong Kong. Vaccine. 2021;39(7):1148–1156. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.083.
  • Chu A, Gupta V, Unni EJ. Utilizing the theory of planned behavior to determine the intentions to receive the influenza vaccine during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey of US adults. Preventive Med Rep. 2021;23:101417. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101417.
  • Zampetakis LA, Melas C. The health belief model predicts vaccination intentions against COVID-19: a survey experiment approach. Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2021;13(2):469–484. doi:10.1111/aphw.12262.
  • Victora CG, Castro MC, Gurzenda S, Medeiros AC, França GVA, Barros AJD. Estimating the early impact of vaccination against COVID-19 on deaths among elderly people in Brazil: analyses of routinely-collected data on vaccine coverage and mortality. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;38:101036. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101036.
  • Papadopoulos V, Li L, Samplaski M. Why does COVID-19 kill more elderly men than women? is there a role for testosterone? Andrology. 2021;9(1):65–72. doi:10.1111/andr.12868.
  • Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: a comparison with young and middle-aged patients. J Infect. 2020;80(6):e14–e18. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.005.
  • Truong J, Bakshi S, Wasim A, Ahmad M, Majid U. What factors promote vaccine hesitancy or acceptance during pandemics? A systematic review and thematic analysis. Health Promot Int. 2021;37(1):daab105. doi:10.1093/heapro/daab105.
  • Goffe L, Antonopoulou V, Meyer CJ, Graham F, Tang MY, Lecouturier J, Grimani A, Bambra C, Kelly MP & Sniehotta FF. Factors associated with vaccine intention in adults living in England who either did not want or had not yet decided to be vaccinated against COVID-19, Hum. Vaccin. & Immunother. 2021;17(12):5242–5254. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.2002084.
  • Sherman SM, Sim J, Amlôt R, Cutts M, Dasch H, Rubin GJ, Sevdalis N, Smith LE. Intention to have the seasonal influenza vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic among eligible adults in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e049369. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049369.
  • Williams L, Gallant AJ, Rasmussen S, Brown Nicholls LA, Cogan N, Deakin K, Young D, Flowers P. Towards intervention development to increase the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among those at high risk: outlining evidence-based and theoretically informed future intervention content. Br J Health Psychol. 2020;25(4):1039–1054. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12468.
  • Karafillakis E, Simas C, Jarrett C, Verger P, Peretti-Watel P, Dib F, De Angelis S, Takacs J, Ali KA, Pastore Celentano L, et al. HPV vaccination in a context of public mistrust and uncertainty: a systematic literature review of determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in Europe. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2019;15(7–8):1615–1627. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1564436.
  • Beck CR, McKenzie BC, Hashim AB, Harris RC, Zanuzdana A, Agboado G, Orton E, Béchard-Evans L, Morgan G, Stevenson C, et al. Influenza vaccination for immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis from a public health policy perspective. PloS One. 2011;6(12):e29249. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029249.
  • NatCen Social Research, U.C.L. Health survey for England 2019. NHS Digital; 2020. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2019.
  • McLennan D, Noble S, Noble M, Plunkett E, Wright G, Gutacker N. The English indices of deprivation 2019: technical report. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government, 2019; 2019.
  • ONS. Coronavirus and key workers in the UK. Office for National Statistics; 2020. https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/earningsandworkinghours/articles/coronavirusandkeyworkersintheuk/2020-05-15.
  • Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge; 2013.
  • Smith LE, Amlôt R, Weinman J, Yiend J, Rubin GJ. A systematic review of factors affecting vaccine uptake in young children. Vaccine. 2017;35(45):6059–6069. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.046.
  • Bachtiger P, Adamson A, Chow J-J, Sisodia R, Quint JK, Peters NS. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the uptake of influenza vaccine: UK-wide observational study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2021;7(4):e26734. doi:10.2196/26734.
  • Bambra C, Riordan R, Ford J, Matthews F. The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2020;74(11):964–968. doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214401.
  • Ma Z, Ma R. Predicting intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 and seasonal flu: the role of consideration of future and immediate consequences. Health Commun. 2021;37(8):952–961. doi:10.1080/10410236.2021.1877913.
  • Lin Y, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Alias H, Danaee M, Wong LP. Understanding COVID-19 vaccine demand and hesitancy: a nationwide online survey in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(12):e0008961. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008961.
  • Lin C, Tu P, Beitsch LM. Confidence and receptivity for COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid systematic review. Vaccines. 2020;9(1):16. doi:10.3390/vaccines9010016.
  • Paul E, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Implications for public health communications. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;1:100012. doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2020.100012.
  • Larson HJ, Clarke RM, Jarrett C, Eckersberger E, Levine Z, Schulz WS, Paterson P. Measuring trust in vaccination: a systematic review. Hum Vaccines Immunother. 2018;14(7):1599–1609. doi:10.1080/21645515.2018.1459252.
  • Kochhar S, Salmon DA. Planning for COVID-19 vaccines safety surveillance. Vaccine. 2020;38(40):6194–6198. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.013.
  • De Figueiredo A, Simas C, Karafillakis E, Paterson P, Larson HJ. Mapping global trends in vaccine confidence and investigating barriers to vaccine uptake: a large-scale retrospective temporal modelling study. Lancet. 2020;396(10255):898–908. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31558-0.
  • Karlsson LC, Soveri A, Lewandowsky S, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nolvi S, Karukivi M, Lindfelt M, Antfolk J. Fearing the disease or the vaccine: the case of COVID-19. Pers Individ Dif. 2021;172:110590. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110590.
  • Alexandrova R, Beykov P, Vassilev D, Jukić M, Podlipnik Č. The virus that shook the world: questions and answers about SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2021;35(1):74–102. doi:10.1080/13102818.2020.1847683.
  • Meyer SB, Lum R. Explanations for not receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine: an Ontario Canada based survey. J Health Commun. 2017;22(6):506–514. doi:10.1080/10810730.2017.1312720.
  • Soares P, Rocha JV, Moniz M, Gama A, Laires PA, Pedro AR, Dias S, Leite A, Nunes C. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccines. 2021;9(3):300. doi:10.3390/vaccines9030300.
  • Sherman SM, Smith LE, Sim J, Amlôt R, Cutts M, Dasch H, Rubin GJ, Sevdalis N. COVID-19 vaccination intention in the UK: results from the COVID-19 vaccination acceptability study (CoVaccs), a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(6):1612–1621. doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1846397.
  • Kwok KO, Li K-K, Wei WI, Tang A, Wong SYS, Lee SS. Editor’s choice: influenza vaccine uptake, COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine hesitancy among nurses: a survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;114:103854. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103854.
  • Zhang J, While AE, Norman IJ. Nurses’ knowledge and risk perception towards seasonal influenza and vaccination and their vaccination behaviours: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(10):1281–1289. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.03.002.
  • Ng TWY, Cowling BJ, So HC, Ip DKM, Liao Q. Testing an integrative theory of health behavioural change for predicting seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among healthcare workers. Vaccine. 2020;38(3):690–698. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.041.
  • Noushad M, Rastam S, Nassani MZ, Al-Saqqaf IS, Hussain M, Yaroko AA, Arshad M, Kirfi AM, Koppolu P, Niazi FH, et al. A global survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers. Front Public Health. 2022;9. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.794673.
  • Khamis F, Badahdah A, Al Mahyijari N, Al Lawati F, Al Noamani J, Al Salmi I, Al Bahrani M. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine: a survey of health care workers in Oman. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2022;12(1):1–6. doi:10.1007/s44197-021-00018-0.
  • Li M, Luo Y, Watson R, Zheng Y, Ren J, Tang J, Chen Y. Healthcare workers’ (HCWs) attitudes and related factors towards COVID-19 vaccination: a rapid systematic review. Postgrad Med J. 2021: postgradmedj-2021-140195. doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140195.
  • Di Pumpo M, Vetrugno G, Pascucci D, Carini E, Beccia V, Sguera A, Zega M, Pani M, Cambieri A, Nurchis MC, et al. Is COVID-19 a real incentive for Flu vaccination? Let the numbers speak for themselves. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(3):276. doi:10.3390/vaccines9030276.
  • Jabr Alwazzeh M, Mohammed Telmesani L, Saud AlEnazi A, Abdulwahab Buohliqah L, Talal Halawani R, Jatoi N-A, Subbarayalu AV, Abdulaziz Almuhanna F. Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage and its association with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Inform Med Unlocked. 2021;27:100809. doi:10.1016/j.imu.2021.100809.
  • Andrews N, Stowe J, Kirsebom F, Toffa S, Rickeard T, Gallagher E, Gower C, Kall M, Groves N, O’Connell A-M, et al. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(16):1532–1546. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2119451.
  • Nasreen S, Chung H, He S, Brown KA, Gubbay JB, Buchan SA, Fell DB, Austin PC, Schwartz KL, Sundaram ME, et al., Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes with variants of concern in Ontario. Nature microbiology. 2022;7(3):379–385. doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01053-0.
  • Kwok KO, Lai F, Wei WI, Wong SYS, Tang JWT. Herd immunity – estimating the level required to halt the COVID-19 epidemics in affected countries. J Infect. 2020;80(6):e32–e33. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.027.
  • Dube E, Ward JK, Verger P, MacDonald NE. Vaccine hesitancy, acceptance, and anti-vaccination: trends and future prospects for public health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2021;42(1):175–191. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102240.
  • Michie S, West R. Sustained behavior change is key to preventing and tackling future pandemics. Nat Med. 2021;27(5):749–752. doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01345-2.
  • Wang K, Wong ELY, Ho KF, Cheung AWL, Chan EYY, Yeoh EK, Wong SYS. Intention of nurses to accept coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and change of intention to accept seasonal influenza vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. Vaccine. 2020;38(45):7049–7056. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.021.
  • Domnich A, Grassi R, Fallani E, Spurio A, Bruzzone B, Panatto D, Marozzi B, Cambiaggi M, Vasco A, Orsi A, et al. Changes in attitudes and beliefs concerning vaccination and influenza vaccines between the first and second COVID-19 pandemic waves: a longitudinal study. Vaccines. 2021;9(9):1016. doi:10.3390/vaccines9091016.
  • NHS. Reimbursable vaccines and eligible cohorts for the 2022/23 NHS seasonal influenza (flu) vaccination programme. 2022. https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/annual-seasonal-flu-vaccination-programme-and-reimbursement-guidance/.
  • Sniehotta FF, Scholz U, Schwarzer R. Bridging the intention-behaviour gap: planning, self-efficacy and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise. Psychol Health. 2005;20(2):143–160. doi:10.1080/08870440512331317670.
  • Office for National Statistics (ONS). Exploring the UK’s digital divide. 2022. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/householdcharacteristics/homeinternetandsocialmediausage/articles/exploringtheuksdigitaldivide/2019-03-04.
  • Maltezou HC, Ioannidou E, De Schrijver K, François G, De Schryver A. Influenza vaccination programs for healthcare personnel: organizational issues and beyond. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(21):11122. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111122.
  • Mounier-Jack S, Bell S, Chantler T, Edwards A, Yarwood J, Gilbert D, Paterson P. Organisational factors affecting performance in delivering influenza vaccination to staff in NHS acute hospital trusts in England: a qualitative study. Vaccine. 2020;38(15):3079–3085. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.077.
  • Fisk RJ. Barriers to vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control: experience from the United States. Global Health J. 2021;5(1):51–55. doi:10.1016/j.glohj.2021.02.005.
  • Rosen B, Waitzberg R, Israeli A, Hartal M, Davidovitch N. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and access barriers to achieve persistent progress in Israel’s COVID-19 vaccination program. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2021;10(1):43. doi:10.1186/s13584-021-00481-x.