References
- Bloom DE. The value of vaccination. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011;697:1.
- Donnelly RF. Vaccine delivery systems. Hum Vacc Immunother. 2017;13(1):17–6. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1259043.
- McLenon J, Rogers MAM. The fear of needles: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2019;75(1):30–42. doi:10.1111/jan.13818.
- Deacon B, Abramowitz J. Fear of needles and vasovagal reactions among phlebotomy patients. J Anxiety Disord. 2006;20(7):946–960. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.01.004.
- Czech O, Wrzeciono A, Rutkowska A, Guzik A, Kiper P, Rutkowski S. Virtual reality interventions for needle-related procedural pain, fear and anxiety—a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(15):3248. doi:10.3390/jcm10153248.
- McMurtry CM, Pillai Riddell R, Taddio A, Racine N, Asmundson GJG, Noel M, Chambers CT, Shah V. Far from “just a poke”: common painful needle procedures and the development of needle fear. Clin J Pain. 2015;31(Supplement 10):S3–S11. doi:10.1097/AJP.0000000000000272.
- Love AS, Love RJ. Considering needle phobia among adult patients during mass COVID-19 vaccinations. J Prim Care Comm Health. 2021;12:21501327211007393. doi:10.1177/21501327211007393.
- Taddio A, Ipp M, Thivakaran S, Jamal A, Parikh C, Smart S, Sovran J, Stephens D, Katz J. Survey of the prevalence of immunization non-compliance due to needle fears in children and adults. Vaccine. 2012;30(32):4807–4812. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.011.
- Freeman D, Lambe S, Yu L-M, Freeman J, Chadwick A, Vaccari C, Waite F, Rosebrock L, Petit A, Vanderslott S, et al. Injection fears and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Psychol Med. 2021 Jun 11:1–11. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1017/S0033291721002609.
- Gold MS, MacDonald NE, McMurtry CM, Balakrishnan MR, Heininger U, Menning L, Benes O, Pless R, Zuber PLF. Immunization stress-related response – redefining immunization anxiety-related reaction as an adverse event following immunization. Vaccine. 2020;38(14):3015–3020. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.046.
- Taddio A, McMurtry CM, Shah V, Riddell RP, Chambers CT, Noel M, MacDonald NE, Rogers J, Bucci LM, Mousmanis P. Reducing pain during vaccine injections: clinical practice guideline. Can Med Assoc J. 2015;187(13):975. doi:10.1503/cmaj.150391.
- Taddio A, Ilersich A, McMurtry CM, Bucci LM, MacDonald NE. Managing pain and fear: Playing your CARDs to improve the vaccination experience. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2021;47(1):87–91. doi:10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a12.
- Taddio A, Alderman L, Freedman T, McDowall T, McMurtry CM, MacDonald N, deVlaming-Kot C, Alfieri-Maiolo A, Wong H, Bucci LM. The CARD™ system for improving the vaccination experience at school: Results of a small-scale implementation project on program delivery. Paediatrics Child Health. 2019;24(Supplement_1):S54–S67. doi:10.1093/pch/pxz021.
- Taddio A, Gudzak V, Jantzi M, Logeman C, Bucci LM, MacDonald NE, Moineddin R. Impact of the CARD (comfort ask relax distract) system on school-based vaccinations: a cluster randomized trial. Vaccine. 2022;40(19):2802–2809. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.069.
- Region W. Demographics. 2020 [accessed 2022 Mar 9]. https://www.regionofwaterloo.ca/en/doing-business/demographics.aspx#::text=Waterloo%20Region%20had%20a%20population,will%20reach%20923%2C000%20by%202051.
- Go C. National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI): statements and publications. 2021 [accessed 2021 June 17]. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/immunization/national-advisory-committee-on-immunization-naci.html.
- Taddio A, Bucci LM, Logeman C, Gudzak V. The CARD™ System: a patient-centred care tool to ease pain and fear during school vaccinations. 2020 [accessed 2022 Mar 16]. https://canvax.ca/brief/cardtm-system-patient-centred-care-tool-ease-pain-and-fear-during-school-vaccinations.
- Park TC, Bilder R, Thomas ML. Analysis of categorical data with R. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC: book review. Biometrics. 2015;71:1198–1199.
- Butlin RK. Book review: A.C Davidson & D.V. Hinkley (1997) bootstrap methods and their application. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1997. vol. 671998, p. 842 . £24.95 (paperback), ISBN 0‐521‐57471‐4.
- Tan L. Adult vaccination: now is the time to realize an unfulfilled potential. Hum Vacc Immunother. 2015;11(9):2158–2166. doi:10.4161/21645515.2014.982998.
- Canada Go. Communicating effectively about immunization: Canadian immunization guide. 2021 [accessed 2022 Mar 2]. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-1-key-immunization-information/page-5-communicating-effectively-immunization.html.
- Taddio A. Pain pain go away: improving the vaccination experience at school. Paediatrics Child Health. 2019;24(Suppl 1):S1–s2. doi:10.1093/pch/pxz016.
- Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52–58. doi:10.1093/bja/aet127.
- Fillingim RB, Maixner W. Gender differences in the responses to noxious stimuli. Pain Forum. 1995;4(4):209–221. doi:10.1016/S1082-3174(11)80022-X.
- Paller CJ, Campbell CM, Edwards RR, Dobs AS. Sex-based differences in pain perception and treatment. Pain Med (Malden, Mass). 2009;10(2):289–299. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2008.00558.x.
- Pinto PR, Paredes AC, Costa P, Carvalho M, Lopes M, Fernandes S, Pedras S, Almeida A. Effectiveness of two psychological interventions for pain management, emotional regulation and promotion of quality of life among adult Portuguese men with haemophilia (PSY-HaEMOPEQ): study protocol for a single-centre prospective randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016973. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016973.
- Go C. Vaccine administration practices: Canadian immunization guide. 2017 [accessed 2022 Mar 5]. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/canadian-immunization-guide-part-1-key-immunization-information/page-8-vaccine-administration-practices.html.
- Dulong C, Brett K, Argáez C. CADTH rapid response reports. Skin preparation for injections: a review of clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and guidelines. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. Copyright © 2020 Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2020.
- WHO Organization. WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010.
- Poland EG, McGuire DK, Ratishvili T, Poland GA. The economics of global COVID vaccine administration during a pandemic - why continue skin alcohol preparation as a costly but ineffective practice? Vaccine. 2021;39(8):1175–1177. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.082.
- Canada S. Census profile, 2016 Census 2016. [accessed 2022 May25]. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Tab=1&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3530016&Geo2=CD&Code2=3530&SearchText=waterloo&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Ethnic%20origin&TABID=1&type=1.
- Burns KEA, Duffett M, Kho ME, Meade MO, Adhikari NKJ, Sinuff T, Cook DJ. A guide for the design and conduct of self-administered surveys of clinicians. Can Med Assoc J. 2008;179(3):245. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080372.