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- Relative investment estimate is based on a single product that achieves licensure (i.e., excludes costs for failed products). See: Farid SS, Baron M, Stamatis C, Nie W, Coffman J. Benchmarking biopharmaceutical process development and manufacturing cost contributions to R&D. MAbs. 2020;12(1):1754999. PMID: 32449439. doi:10.1080/19420862.2020.1754999.