Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants during two outbreaks from March to May 2022 in Quzhou, China

References

• Viana R, Moyo S, Amoako DG, Tegally H, Scheepers C, Althaus CL, Anyaneji UJ, Bester PA, Boni MF, Chand M, et al. Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa. Nature. 2022;603:(7902):679–8. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04411-y. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian D, Nie W, Sun Y, Ye Q. The epidemiological features of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.5 and its evasion of the neutralizing activity of vaccination and prior infection. Vaccines. 2022;10(10):1699. doi:10.3390/vaccines10101699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Statement on Omicron sublineage BA.2 [accessed 2022 Oct 12]. https://www.who.int/news/item/22-02-2022-statement-on-omicron-sublineage-ba.2.
   Google Scholar
• China Food and Drug Administration. COVID-19 vaccination status (as of October 12) [accessed 2022 Oct 13]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2022-10/13/content_5718121.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Ma C, Sun W, Tang T, Jia M, Liu Y, Wan Y, Han J, Rodewald L, Li J, Song Y, et al. Effectiveness of adenovirus type 5 vectored and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19, COVID-19 pneumonia, and severe COVID-19 caused by the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant: evidence from an outbreak in Yunnan, China, 2021. Vaccine. 2022;40:(20):2869–74. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Zheng ZW, Chen C, Li K, Chen SY, Chen YY, Jing QL, Ma Y, Luo L, Yang ZC, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of two local COVID-19 outbreaks caused by 2019-nCov Omicron variant in Guangzhou, China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2022;43:1705–10. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220523-00450.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song Y, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Gao G, Wang S, Yang D, Song R, Wang L, et al. Early and consecutive RT-PCR tests with both oropharyngeal swabs and sputum could improve testing yield for patients with COVID-19: an observation cohort study in China. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;107:242–46. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.04.076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu F, Zheng C, Wang L, Geng M, Chen H, Zhou S, Ran L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Feng Z, et al. Interpretation of the Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in China (Edition 8). China CDC Wkly. 2021;3(25):527–30. doi:10.46234/ccdcw2021.138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Health Commission, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 (trial version 9) [accessed 2022 Oct 12]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2022-03/15/5679257/files/49854a49c7004f4ea9e622f3f2c568d8.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Covid-Vaccine Technical Working Group. Technical vaccination recommendations for COVID-19 vaccines in China (First edition). China CDC Wkly. 2021;3:459–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Covid-Vaccine Technical Working Group. Technical guidelines for evaluation of epidemiological protection effect of COVID-19 vaccine in outbreak sites (trial version). Chin J Vacc Immuniz 2022; 28:257–62.
   Google Scholar
• Yin Z, Wen T, Fang Q, Zheng C, Gong X, Li J, Wang S, Xiang Z. Assessment of mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness by dose during 2006 to 2020 in Quzhou, China. Hum Vacc Immunotherap. 2022;18(5):2086774. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2086774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J, Wang R, Gilby NB, Wei GW Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): infectivity, vaccine breakthrough, and antibody resistance. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:412–22. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323:1061–69. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhi SA, Kwatra G, Myers JE, Jassat W, Dhar N, Mukendi CK, Nana AJ, Blumberg L, Welch R, Ngorima-Mabhena N, et al. Population immunity and Covid-19 severity with Omicron variant in South Africa. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:(14):1314–26. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2119658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altarawneh HN, Chemaitelly H, Hasan MR, Ayoub HH, Qassim S, AlMukdad S, Coyle P, Yassine HM, Al-Khatib HA, Benslimane FM, et al. Protection against the Omicron variant from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1288–90. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2200133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luliano AD, Brunkard JM, Boehmer TK, Peterson E, Adjei S, Binder AM, Cobb S, Graff P, Hidalgo P, Panaggio MJ, et al. Trends in Disease Severity and Health Care Utilization During the Early Omicron Variant Period Compared with Previous SARS-CoV-2 High Transmission Periods - United States, December 2020-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(4):146–52. doi:10.1558/5mmwr.mm7104e4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Z, Xu S, Liu J, Wu L, Qiu J, Wang N, Ren J, Li Z, Guo X, Tao F, et al. Effectiveness of inactivated and Ad5-nCov COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2 variant infection, severe illness, and death. BMC Med. 2022;20:400. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02606-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esper FP, Adhikari TM, Tu ZJ, Cheng YW, El-Haddad K, Farkas DH, Bosler D, Rhoads D, Procop GW, Ko JS, et al. Alpha to Omicron: disease severity and clinical outcomes of major SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Infect Dis 2022. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac411
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyngse FP, Kirkeby CT, Denwood M, Christiansen LE, Mølbak K, Møller CH, Skov RL, Krause TG, Rasmussen M, Sieber RN, et al. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron VOC subvariants BA.1 and BA.2: evidence from Danish households. MedRxiv. 2022 Jun 28;22270044. Preprint. doi:10.1101/2022.01.28.22270044.
   Google Scholar
• Jara A, Undurraga EA, Zubizarreta JR, Gonzalez C, Acevedo J, Pizarro A, Vergara V, Soto-Marchant M, Gilabert R, Flores JC, et al. Effectiveness of CoronaVac in children 3–5 years of age during the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron outbreak in Chile. Nat Med. 2022;28:1377–80. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01874-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jara A, Undurraga EA, Gonzalez C, Paredes F, Fontecilla T, Jara G, Pizarro A, Acevedo J, Leo K, Leon F, et al. Effectiveness of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chile. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:875–84. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2107715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng G, Wu Q, Pan H, Li M, Yang J, Wang L, Wu Z, Jiang D, Deng X, Chu K, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of a third dose of CoronaVac, and immune persistence of a two-dose schedule, in healthy adults: interim results from two single-centre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:483–95. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00681-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsebom FCM, Andrews N, Stowe J, Toffa S, Sachdeva R, Gallagher E, Groves N, O’Connell A-M, Chand M, Ramsay M, et al. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the omicron (BA.2) variant in England. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:931–33. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00309-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhi SA, Kwatra G, Richardson SI, Koen AL, Baillie V, Cutland CL, Fairlie L, Padayachee SD, Dheda K, Barnabas SL, et al. Durability of ChAdox1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) vaccine and hybrid humoral immunity against variants including omicron BA.1 and BA.4 6 months after vaccination (COV005): a post-hoc analysis of a randomised, phase 1b–2a trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2022. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00596-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews N, Stowe J, Kirsebom F, Toffa S, Rickeard T, Gallagher E, Gower C, Kall M, Groves N, O’Connell A-M, et al. Covid-19 vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1532–46. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2119451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-On YM, Goldberg Y, Mandel M, Bodenheimer O, Freedman L, Kalkstein N, Mizrahi B, Alroy-Preis S, Ash N, Milo R, et al. Protection of BNT162b2 vaccine booster against Covid-19 in Israel. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1393–400. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2114255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMenamin ME, Nealon J, Lin Y, Wong JY, Cheung JK, Lau EHY, Wu P, Leung GM, Cowling BJ Vaccine effectiveness of one, two, and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a population-based observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1435–43. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00345-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar