Durability of immune response against omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 and T cell responses after boosting with mRNA and adenoviral vector-based vaccines following heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1nCov-19 vaccination

References

• Andrews N, Stowe J, Kirsebom F, Toffa S, Rickeard T, Gallagher E, Gower C, Kall M, Groves N, O’Connell AM, et al. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant. N Engl J Med. 2022 Apr 21;386(16):1532–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2119451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews N, Stowe J, Kirsebom F, Toffa S, Sachdeva R, Gower C, Ramsay M, Lopez Bernal J. Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England. Nat Med. 2022 Apr;28(4):831–7. doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01699-1. Epub 2022 Jan 14. PMID: 35045566; PMCID: PMC9018410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lustig Y, Gonen T, Meltzer L, Gilboa M, Indenbaum V, Cohen C, Amit S, Jaber H, Doolman R, Asraf K, et al. Superior immunogenicity and effectiveness of the third compared to the second BNT162b2 vaccine dose. Nat Immunol. 2022 Jun;23(6):940–6. doi:10.1038/s41590-022-01212-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou R, Liu N, Li X, Peng Q, Yiu CK, Huang H, Yang D, Du Z, Kwok HY, Au KK, et al. Three-dose vaccination-induced immune responses protect against SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2: a population-based study in Hong Kong. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023 Mar;32:100660. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100660.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu X, Munro APS, Feng S, Janani L, Aley PK, Babbage G, Baxter D, Bula M, Cathie K, Chatterjee K, et al. Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial. J Infect. 2022 Jun;84(6):795–813. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qu P, Faraone JN, Evans JP, Zheng YM, Yu L, Ma Q, Carlin C, Lozanski G, Saif LJ, Oltz EM, et al. Durability of booster mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants. N Engl J Med. 2022 Oct 6;387(14):1329–31. doi:10.1056/NEJMc2210546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Assawakosri S, Kanokudom S, Suntronwong N, Chansaenroj J, Auphimai C, Nilyanimit P, Vichaiwattana P, Thongmee T, Duangchinda T, Chantima W, et al. Immunogenicity and durability against omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5 variants at 3 to 4 months after a heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccine in healthy adults with two-doses CoronaVac vaccination. MedRxiv. 2022. doi:10.1101/2022.11.24.22282735.
   Google Scholar
• Cowling BJ, Cheng SMS, Martín-Sánchez M, Au NYM, Chan KCK, Li JKC, Fung LWC, Luk LLH, Tsang LCH, Ip DKM, et al. Slow waning of antibodies following BNT162b2 as a third dose in adults who had Previously received 2 doses of inactivated vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2023 Jan 11;227(2):251–5. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanlapakorn N, Suntronwong N, Phowatthanasathian H, Yorsaeng R, Vichaiwattana P, Thongmee T, Auphimai C, Srimuan D, Thatsanatorn T, Assawakosri S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous and homologous inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine regimens in healthy adults: a prospective cohort study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2022 Dec 31;18(1):2029111. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2029111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. COVID-19 vaccines; 2023 [accessed 2023 Oct 29]. https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/covid-19/covid-19-vaccines.
   Google Scholar
• Suntronwong N, Kanokudom S, Auphimai C, Assawakosri S, Thongmee T, Vichaiwattana P, Duangchinda T, Chantima W, Pakchotanon P, Chansaenroj J, et al. Effects of boosted mRNA and adenoviral-vectored vaccines on immune responses to omicron BA.1 and BA.2 following the heterologous CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccination. J Med Virol. 2022 Dec;94(12):5713–22. doi:10.1002/jmv.28044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GenScript. SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT); [accessed 2023 Oct 29]. https://www.genscript.com/gsfiles/techfiles/Application-Note-SARS-CoV-2-Surrogate-Virus-Neutralization-Test-sVNT.pdf?21885562.
   Google Scholar
• European Medicines Agency. Heterologous primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination: evidence based regulatory considerations; 2021 [accessed 2023 Aug 3]. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/heterologous-primary-booster-covid-19-vaccination-evidence-based-regulatory-considerations_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Goel RR, Painter MM, Lundgreen KA, Apostolidis SA, Baxter AE, Giles JR, Mathew D, Pattekar A, Reynaldi A, Khoury DS, et al. Efficient recall of omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Cell. 2022 May 26;185(11):1875–1887.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilboa M, Regev-Yochay G, Mandelboim M, Indenbaum V, Asraf K, Fluss R, Amit S, Mendelson E, Doolman R, Afek A, et al. Durability of immune response after COVID-19 booster vaccination and association with COVID-19 omicron infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Sep 1;5(9):e2231778. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogel E, Kocher K, Priller A, Cheng CC, Steininger P, Liao BH, Körber N, Willmann A, Irrgang P, Held J, et al. Dynamics of humoral and cellular immune responses after homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2. EBioMedicine. 2022 Nov;85:104294. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, Angus B, Becker S, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Bellamy D, Bibi S, Bittaye M, Clutterbuck EA, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;396:467–78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasanpourghadi M, Novikov M, Ambrose R, Chekaoui A, Newman D, Zhou XY, Ertl HCJ. T cell responses to adenoviral vectors expressing the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein. Curr Trends Microbiol. 2021;15:1–28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu J, Chandrashekar A, Sellers D, Barrett J, Jacob-Dolan C, Lifton M, McMahan K, Sciacca M, VanWyk H, Wu C, et al. Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 omicron. Nature. 2022 Mar;603(7901):493–6. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04465-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatsis N, Fitzgerald JC, Reyes-Sandoval A, Harris-McCoy KC, Hensley SE, Zhou D, Lin SW, Bian A, Xiang ZQ, Iparraguirre A, et al. Adenoviral vectors persist in vivo and maintain activated CD8+ T cells: implications for their use as vaccines. Blood. 2007 Sep 15;110(6):1916–23. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-02-062117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar