Can less sometimes be more? Integrating land use and transport planning on Merseyside (1965–2008)

References

• Alter, C., & Hage, J. (1993). Organizations working together. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Allmendinger, P. (2009). Planning theory (2nd ed.). Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Audit Commission. (2008). Public interest report on Merseytram. Merseyside: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Banister, D. (2001). Transport planning (2nd ed.). London: Spon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Banister, D. (2005). Unsustainable transport: City transport in the new century. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Banister, D., & Botham, R. (1985). Joined land use and transport planning: The case of Merseyside. In A. Harrison & J. Gretton (Eds.), Transport UK 1985: An economic, social and policy audit (pp. 95–100). London: Policy Journals.
   Google Scholar
• Barker, A., & Fischer, T. B. (2003). English regionalization and sustainability: Towards the development of an integrated approach to strategic environmental assessment. European Planning Studies, 11, 697–716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, D. (2008, January 17). £70m bill for failed Merseytram project. Liverpool Daily Post. Retrieved from http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-news/regional-news/2008/01/17/70m-bill-for-failed-merseytram-project-64375-20359744/2/
   Google Scholar
• Beder, S. (1991). Activism versus negotiation: strategies for the environmental movement. Social Alternatives, 10(4), 53–56.
   Google Scholar
• Bor, W. (1966). Towards a new planning methodology. Journal of the Town Planning Institute, 52, 405–413.
   Google Scholar
• Bor, W., & Shankland, C. G. L. (1965). Renaissance of a city: A study in the redevelopment of Liverpool. Journal of the Town Planning Institute, 51, 20–32.
   Google Scholar
• Botham, R., & Herson, J. (1980). Motorway madness in Liverpool? From rationality to rationalisation. The Planner, 66, 118–121.
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan, C. D. (1963). Traffic in towns. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, T. (2000). Local government in Britain: Everyone’s guide to how it all works (7th ed.). London: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Cabinet Office. (2000). Wiring it up: Whitehall’s management of cross-cutting policies and services. London: TSO.
   Google Scholar
• CCPG. (1965). Liverpool City Centre Plan. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Common, R. (2004). Organisational learning in a political environment: Improving policy-making in UK government. Policy Studies, 25, 35–49.
   Google Scholar
• Communities and Local Government. (2010). Decentralisation and the Localism Bill: An essential guide. London: TSO.
   Google Scholar
• Counsell, D., Allmendinger, P., Haughton, G. & Vigar, G. (2006). Integrated spatial planning – is it living up to expectations?, Town and Country Planning, September, 243–246.
   Google Scholar
• Denscombe, M. (2007). The good research guide (3rd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• DTLR. (2001). Planning: Delivering a fundamental change. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Eddington, R. (2006). Eddington transport study. Norwich: TSO.
   Google Scholar
• Eggenberger, M., & Partidario, M. (2000). Development of a framework to assist the integration of environmental, social and economic issues in spatial planning. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 18, 201–207.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, T. B. (2002). Strategic environmental assessment in transport and land use planning. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, T. B. (2003). Strategic environmental assessment in post-modern times. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 23, 155–170.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, T. B. (2004). Transport policy making and SEA in Liverpool, Amsterdam and Berlin – 1997 and 2002. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 24, 319–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, T. B. (2005). Having an impact? Context elements for effective SEA application in transport policy, plan and programme making. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 7, 407–432.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, T. B. (2007). Theory & practice of strategic environmental assessment. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, T. B., Gazzola, P., Jha-Thakur, U., Kidd, S., & Peel, D. (2009). Learning through EC directive based SEA in spatial planning? Evidence from the Brunswick Region in Germany. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 29, 421–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazzola, P., Jha-Thakur, U., Kidd, S., Peel, D., & Fischer, T. B. (2011). Enhancing environmental appraisal effectiveness: Towards an understanding of internal context conditions in organisational learning. Planning Theory & Practice, 12, 183–204.
   Google Scholar
• Givoni, M., Macmillen, J., Banister, D., & Feitelson, E. (2013). From policy measures to policy packages. Transport Reviews, 33, 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. Volume 1: Reason and the rationalisation of society. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Halpert, B. P. (1982). Antecedents. In D. L. Rogers & D. A. Whetten (Eds.), Interorganizational coordination: Theory, research, and implementation (54–72). Ames: Iowa State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Halton Borough Council. (2005). Halton UDP. Runcorn: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Halton Borough Council. (2006). Final Local Transport Plan 2006/07 to 2010/11. Runcorn: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, N., & Hooper, A. (2004). Rediscovering the ‘Spatial’ in public policy and planning: An examination of the spatial content of sectoral policy documents. Planning Theory & Practice, 5, 147–169.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. (1989). From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography, 71(1)(The roots of geographical change: 1973 to the present), 3–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Healey, P. (1998, November). Reflections on integration. Paper presented at the Regional Studies Association Annual Conference: New lifestyles, new regions, Newcastle upon Tyne.
   Google Scholar
• Hernon, I., & Coligan, N. (2005 November 29). Trams: it’s over. Liverpool Echo. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/TRAMS%3A+IT%27S+OVER%3B+Government+withdraws+city%27s+pounds+170m+funding+%27...-a0139217020
   Google Scholar
• Hudson, M. (1973). The S.C.H.M.A.L.T.S. (Some critical hindsight on the Merseyside Area Land Use Transportation Study) report. Liverpool: Friends of the Earth.
   Google Scholar
• Hull, A. (2005). Integrated transport planning in the UK: From concept to reality. Journal of Transport Geography, 13, 318–328.
   Google Scholar
• Hull, A. (2008). Policy integration: What will it take to achieve more sustainable transport solutions in cities? Transport Policy, 15, 94–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huxham, C. (Ed.) (1996). Creating collaborative advantage. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Innes, J. E. (2004). Consensus building: Clarifications for the critics. Planning Theory, 3, 5–20.
   Google Scholar
• Kickert, J.M., Klijn, E.-H., & Koppenjan, J.F.M. (1997). Managing complex networks: Strategies for the public sector. London: Sage
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, S. (2007). Towards a framework of integration in spatial planning: an exploration from a health perspective. Planning Theory & Practice, 8, 161–181.
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, S., & Fischer, T. B. (2007). Towards sustainability: Is integrated appraisal a step in the right direction? Environment and Planning C, 25, 233–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd, S., & Kumar, A. (1991). Development planning in English metropolitan counties: A comparison of performance under two planning systems. Department of Civic Design Working Paper 44, University of Liverpool.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, D. H. (1993). The link between individual and organizational learning. Sloan Management Review, 35, 37–50.
   Google Scholar
• Knox, C. (2003). Joined up government: An integrated response to communal violence in Northern Ireland? Policy and Politics, 31, 20–35.
   Google Scholar
• LCC. (1965). Liverpool interim planning policy statement. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• LCC. (2000). The City of Liverpool UDP. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• LCC. (2004). Merseytram Line 1 SPG. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Local Transport Plan Support Unit. (2007). Draft Transport and Access SPD. Liverpool: Merseytravel.
   Google Scholar
• LTT. (1993). Merseyside assesses future transport options as merits modelling phase gets under way. Local Transport Today, 102, 7.
   Google Scholar
• LTT. (1999). Merseytravel shocked by Prescott’s rejection of £49 million rapid transit plan. Local Transport Today, 264, 1.
   Google Scholar
• MacGillivray, B. H., & Pollard, S. J. T. (2008). What can water utilities do to improve risk management within their business functions? An improved tool and application of process benchmarking. Environment International, 34, 1120–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1989). Rediscovering institutions: The organizational basis of politics. New YorkNY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• March, J.G., & Olsen, J.P. (2005). Elaborating the ‘new institutionalism’. Arena Centre for European Studies Working Paper 11, University of Oslo.
   Google Scholar
• May, A. D., Kelly, C., & Shepherd, S. (2006). The principles of integration in urban transport strategies. Transport Policy, 13, 319–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merseytravel. (1994). Merseyside Integrated Transport Study: Steering transport in the right direction. Liverpool: Merseyside Information Service.
   Google Scholar
• Merseytravel. (2000). Merseyside Local Transport Plan 2001/2–2005/6: Opportunities for all. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Merseytravel. (2003). Merseytram Design Guide Line 1 – Liverpool to Kirkby. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Merseytravel. (2006). Merseyside Local Transport Plan 2006/7–2010/11. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Ministry of Transport, & Scottish Development Department (1965). The future of development plans: Report of the Planning Advisory Group. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• MMCC. (1979). Merseyside Structure Plan. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• MPTE. (1984). Merseyside Transport Plan covering the 3 years 1985/86 to 1987/88. Liverpool: Merseyside Metropolitan County Council.
   Google Scholar
• Morphet, J. (2009). Local integrated spatial planning – the changing role in England. Town Planning Review, 80, 393–414.
   Google Scholar
• Nadin, V. (2006). The role and scope of spatial planning. London: Department for Communities and Local Government.
   Google Scholar
• Noland, R. B. (2007). Transport planning and environmental assessment: Implications of induced travel effects. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 1, 1–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. (1996). Building policy coherence, tools and tensions. OECD Public Management Occasional Papers No.12. Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. (2005). Planning Policy Statement 1: Delivering sustainable development. London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. B. (1973). Implementation: How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ravetz, J. (2000). Integrated assessment for sustainability appraisal in cities and regions. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20, 31–64.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New YorkNY: Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• RTPI. (2001). A new vision for planning. London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council. (1995). Sefton UDP: A plan for Sefton. Bootle: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, D., & Lord, A. (2009). From land-use to ‘spatial planning’: Reflections on the reform of the English planning system. Town Planning Review, 80, 415–436.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M.C. (2013). Integrating plans, policies and programmes in local government: an exploration from a spatial planning perspective. Local Government Studies (in press, published online August 2013)
   Google Scholar
• Smith, M. (2009). Challenges in achieving sustainable transport through spatial planning (Unpublished PhD dissertation). Liverpool: University of Liverpool.
   Google Scholar
• Stead, D. (2008). Institutional aspects of integrating transport, environment and health policies. Transport Policy, 15, 139–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stead, D., Geerlings, H., & Meijers, E. (Eds.) (2003). Integrated land use planning, transport and environmental policy-making: An international comparison. Delft: Delft University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stead, D., & Meijers, E. (2009). Spatial planning and policy integration: Concepts, facilitators and inhibitors. Planning Theory & Practice, 10, 317–332.
   Google Scholar
• Stoker, G. (2006). Public value management: A new narrative for networked governance? The American Review of Public Administration, 36, 41–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sykes, O., Brown, J., Cocks, M., Shaw, D., & Couch, C. (2013). A city profile of Liverpool. Cities, 35, 299–318.
   Google Scholar
• Tajima, R., & Fischer, T. B. (2013). Should different impact assessment instruments be integrated? Evidence from English spatial planning. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 41, 29–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, N. (1998). Urban planning theory since 1945. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• TRC. (1969). Merseyside area land use/transportation study. Liverpool: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Vigar, G. (2000). Local ‘barriers’ to environmentally sustainable transport planning. Local Environment, 5, 19–32.
   Google Scholar
• Vigar, G., Healey, P., Hull, A., & Davoudi, S. (2000). Planning, governance and spatial strategy in Britain: An institutionalist analysis. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar