Assessment of seat belt use in University of Cape Coast campus, Ghana

References

• Act 683 . (2004). Road Traffic Act. Republic of Ghana.
   Google Scholar
• Afukaar, F. K. , Damsere-Derry, J. , & Ackaah, W. (2010). Observed seat belt use in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community , 280–289.10.1080/10852352.2010.509020
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Begg, D. J. , & Langley, J. D. (2000). Seat-belt use and related behaviors among young adults. Journal of Safety Research , 31 (4), 211–220.10.1016/S0022-4375(00)00038-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendak, S. (2005). Seat belt utilization in Saudi Arabia and its impact on road accident injuries. Accident Analysis & Prevention , 37 (2), 367–371.10.1016/j.aap.2004.10.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blincoe, L. , Seay, A. , Zaloshnaja, E. , Miller, T. , Romano, E. , Luchter, S. , & Spicer, R. (2002). The economic impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2000. NHTSA Technical Report: DOT HS 809 446. Washington, DC: US. Department of Transportation.
   Google Scholar
• Briggs, N. C. , Lambert, E. W. , Goldzweig, I. A. , Levine, R. S. , & Warren, R. C. (2008). Driver and passenger seatbelt use among U.S. high school students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 35 (3), 224–229.10.1016/j.amepre.2008.03.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broughton, J. (2003). The threat posed by unrestrained rear seat passengers . TRL Report 563. Crowthorne, UK: TRL Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, G. (2010). Road traffic safety in African countries–status, trend, contributing factors, countermeasures and challenges. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion , 17 (4), 247–255.10.1080/17457300.2010.490920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, M. J. (1993). Seat belt use on a university campus. Journal of American College Health , 41 (4), 169–171.10.1080/07448481.1993.9936321
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark, M. J. , Schmitz, S. , Conrad, A. , Estes, C. , Healy, M. M. , & Hiltibidal, J. (1999). The effects of an intervention campaign to enhance seat belt use on campus. Journal of American College Health , 47 (6), 277–280.10.1080/07448489909595659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clayton, M. C. , & Helms, B. P. (2009). Increasing seat belt use on a college campus: An evaluation of two prompting procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 42 (1), 161–164.10.1901/jaba.2009.42-161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colgan, F. , Gospel, A. , Petrie, J. , Adams, J. , Heywood, P. , & White, M. (2004). Does rear seat belt use vary according to socioeconomic status? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 58 (11), 929.10.1136/jech.2003.016972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crandon, I. W. , Harding, H. E. , Branday, J. M. , Simeon, D. T. , Rhoden, A. , & Carpenter, R. (2006). The prevalence of seat belt use in Kingston, Jamaica: A follow-up observational study five years after the introduction of legislation. West Indian Medical Journal , 55 (5), 327–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunill, M. , Gras, M. E. , Planes, M. , Oliveras, C. , & Sullman, M. J. M. (2004). An investigation of factors reducing seat belt use among Spanish drivers and passengers on urban roads. Accident Analysis and Prevention. , 36 , 439–445.10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00039-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority . (2010). DVLA Report, Accra.
   Google Scholar
• Elvik, R. , Vaa, T. , Erke, A. , & Sorensen, M. (2004). The Handbook of Road Safety Measures . Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society . (2004). Seat belts campaign toolkit . Retrieved December 14, 2017, from (www.fiafoundation.org
   Google Scholar
• FIA Foundation for the Automobile and Society . (2009). Seat-belts and child restraints: A road safety manual for the decision makers and practitioners . London: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Forjouh, S. N. (2003). Traffic-related injury prevention interventions for low-incom countries. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion , 10 (1–2), 109–118.10.1076/icsp.10.1.109.14115
   Google Scholar
• Freedman, M. , Lerner, N. , Zador, P. , Singer, J. , & Levis, S. (2009). Effectiveness and acceptance of enhanced seat belt reminder systems-characteristics of optimal reminder systems. Report no. DOT-HS-811-097. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation.
   Google Scholar
• Han, G. M. , Newmyer, A. , & Qu, M. (2015). Seat belt use to save face: Impact on drivers’ body region and nature of injury in motor vehicle crashes. Traffic Injury Prevention , 16 (6), 605–610.10.1080/15389588.2014.999856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iribhogbe, P. E. , & Osime, C. O. (2008). Compliance with seat belt use in Benin City, Nigeria. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , 23 (1), 16–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kostyniuk, L. , & Vivoda, J. (2001). Risky driving: Relationship between cellular phone and safety belt use. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board , 1843 , 20–23.
   Google Scholar
• Koushki, P. A. , Bustan, M. A. , & Kartam, N. (2003). Impact of safety belt use on road accident injury and injury type in Kuwait. Accident Analysis and Prevention , 35 , 237–241.10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00109-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lie, A. , Krafft, M. , Kullgren, A. , & Tinvall, C. (2008). Intelligent seat belt reminders-do the change driver seat belt use in Europe? Traffic Injury Prevention. , 9 (5), 446–449.10.1080/15389580802149690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder, P. (2006). Speech by H.E. Peter Linder, German Ambassador to Ghana, delivered on the occasion of the official launch of the Mercedes S-Class in Accra . Retrieved from http://www.accra.diplo.de/Vertretung/accra/de/01/2006_Reden_PressReleases/mercedes_S_Klasse.html.
   Google Scholar
• Lipovac, K. , Tesic, M. , Maric, B. , & Deric, M. (2015). Self-reported and observed seat belt use – A case study: Bosnia and Herzegovina. Accident Analysis and Prevention , 84 , 74–82.10.1016/j.aap.2015.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlvenny, S. , Al Mahrouqi, F. , Al Busaidi, T. , Al Nabhani, A. , Al Hikmani, F. , Al Kharousi, Z. , … Al Kharousi, I. ( 2004).  Rear seat belt use as an indicator of safe road behaviour in a rapidly developing country.  The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health , 124( 6), 280–283.
   Google Scholar
• McCartt ,A. T. , & Shabanova Northrup ,V. (2004). Factors related to seat belt use among fatally injured teenage drivers. Journal of Safety Research , 35 , 29–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) (2016). Road traffic crashes in Ghana: Statistics 2016 . Accra.
   Google Scholar
• Pastò, L. , & Baker, A. G. (2001). Evaluation of a brief intervention for increasing seat belt use on a college campus. Behavior Modification , 25 (3), 471–486.10.1177/0145445501253005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peden, M., Scurfield, R., Sleet, D. , Mohan, D. , Hyder, A ., Jarawan, E. , & Mathers, C. ( 2004). World report on road traffic injury prevention [Electronic version]. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Popoola, S. O. , Oluwadiya, K. S. , Kortor, J. N. , Denen-Akaa, P. , & Onyemaechi, N. O. C. (2013). Compliance with seat belt use in Makurdi, Nigeria: An observational study. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research , 3 (3), 427–432.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Routley, V ., Ozanne-Smith, J ., Li, D ., Yu, M ., Wang, J ., Zhang, J ., … Qin, Y . ( 2008). China belting up or down? Seat belt wearing trends in Nanjing and Zhoushan. Accident Analysis and Prevention , 40(6),  1850–1858.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd, J. , & Geller, S. (1985). University-based incentive program to increase safety belt use: Toward cost-effective institutionalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 18 , 215–226.10.1901/jaba.1985.18-215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salzberg, P. , Yamada, A. , Saibel, C. , & Moffat, J. (2002). Predicting seat belt use in fatal motor vehicle crashes from observation surveys of belt use. Accident Analysis Prevention , 34 (2), 139–148.10.1016/S0001-4575(01)00007-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sam, E. F. (2015). Don’t learn safety by accident: A survey of child safety restraint usage among drivers in Dansoman, Accra. Journal of Transport & Health , 2 (2), 160–165.10.1016/j.jth.2014.08.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangowawa, A. O. , Alagh, B. T. , Ekanem, S. E. , Ebong, I. P. , Faseru, B. , Adekunle, B. J. , & Uchendu, O. C. (2010). An observational study of seatbelt use among vehicle occupants in Nigeria. Injury Prevention , 16 (2), 85–89.10.1136/ip.2009.023242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangowawa, A. O. , Ekanem, S. E. U. , Alagh, B. T. , Ebong, I. P. , Faseru, B. , Uchendu, O. , & Ogbole, G. I. (2005). Use of seatbelts by vehicle occupants in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine , 3 (2), 57–62.
   Google Scholar
• Simons, A. , & Edunyah, I. (2014). Effectiveness of seatbelt law in Ghana: A case study on its implementation in Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipality. International Journal of Engineering & Technology , 1 (5), 103–109.
   Google Scholar
• Simsekoglu, O. , & Lajunen, T. (2008). Why Turks do not use seat belts? An interview study. Accident Analysis and Prevention , 40 , 470–478.10.1016/j.aap.2007.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Şimşekoğlu, Ö. , Nordfjærn, T. , Zavareh, M. F. , Hezaveh, A. M. , Mamdoohi, A. R. , & Rundmo, T. (2013). Risk perceptions, fatalism and driver behaviors in Turkey and Iran. Safety Science , 59 , 187–192.10.1016/j.ssci.2013.05.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) (2009). Global status report on road safety (2015) . Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO) (2015). Global status report on road safety (2015) . Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Yannis, G. , Laiou, A. , Vardaki, S. , Papadimitriou, E. , Dragomanovits, A. , & Kanellaidis, G. (2011). Parameters affecting seat belt use in Greece. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion , 18 (3), 189–197.10.1080/17457300.2011.551941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeboah, I. (2000). Structural adjustment and emerging urban form in Accra, Ghana. Africa Today , 47 , 61–89.10.1353/at.2000.0058
   Google Scholar