A comparative study of the mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of high-volume fly ash concrete

References

• USGS. Minerals Yearbook, Cement, U.S. Geological Survey. Reston, VA: United States Department of the Interior; 2012. p. 38–39.
   Google Scholar
• Marland G, Boden TA, Andres RJ. Global, regional, and national fossil fuel CO2 emissions. In: Trends: a compendium of data on global change. Oak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy; 2008 [cited March 2012]. Available from: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/overview.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hanle L, Jayaraman K, Smith J. CO2 emissions profile of the U.S. cement industry; 2012 [cited March 2012]. Available from: http://infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/43/42552.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bilodeau , A and Malhotra , VM . 2000 . High-volume fly ash system: concrete solution for sustainable development . ACI Materials Journal , 97 : 41 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM 618–94a. Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in Portland cement concrete. In: Annual book of ASTM standards Vol. 04.02. Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials; 1995. p. 304–306.
   Google Scholar
• ACI Committee 232. Use of Fly Ash in Concrete (ACI 232.2R-03). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Dunstan E. Fly ash and fly ash concrete. Report No. REC-ERC-82-1. Denver, CO: Bureau of Reclamation; 1984. 42pp.
   Google Scholar
• Dunstan ER, Jr. Performance of lignite and sub-bituminous fly ash in concrete. Report No. REC-ERC-76. Denver, CO: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; 1976. 23pp.
   Google Scholar
• Dunstan ER, Jr. A possible method for identifying fly ashes that will improve the sulfate resistance of concretes. Cement Concrete Aggregates. 1980;2(1):20–30.
   Google Scholar
• Dunstan MRH. Rolled concrete for dams-a laboratory study of high fly ash concrete. Technical Note No. 105. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association; 1981. 96pp.
   Google Scholar
• Dunstan MRH. Rolled concrete for dams – construction trials using high fly ash content concrete. Technical Note No. 106. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association; 1981b. 94pp.
   Google Scholar
• Berry , EE , Hemmings , RT , Zhang , MH , Cornelious , BJ and Golden , DM . 1994 . Hydration in high-volume fly ash binders . ACI Materials Journal , 91 : 382 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• ACI Committee 211 . 1993 . Guide for selecting proportions for high-strength concrete with Portland cement and fly ash . ACI 226.4R, ACI Materials Journal , 90 : 272 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers JJ, Carrasquillo RL. Mix proportioning for high-strength HPC bridge beams. Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute. American Concrete Institute Special Publication 189; 189. p. 37–56.
   Google Scholar
• Malhotra , VM . 1986 . Superplasticized fly ash concrete for structural applications . Concrete International , 8 : 28 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , S , Roy , DM and Kumer , A . 1985 . Quantitative determination of pozzolanas in hydrated system of cement or Ca(OH)2 with fly ash or silica fume . Cement and Concrete Research , 15 : 1079 – 1086 .
   Google Scholar
• Gopalan , MK . 1993 . Nucleation and pozzolanic factors in strength development of class F fly ash concrete . ACI Materials Journal , 90 : 117 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh , RS and Timusk , J . 1981 . Creep of fly ash concrete . ACI Materials Journal , 78 : 351 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Teorenau I, Nicolescu LD. The properties of power station fly-ash concrete. In: JG Cabrera, AR Cusens, editors. Proceeding, International Symposium on the Use of PFA in Concrete, 1; Leeds, UK; 1982. p. 231–241.
   Google Scholar
• Cripwell JB, Brooks JJ, Wainwright PJ. Time dependent properties of concrete containing pulverized fuel ash and a superplasticiser. In: Proceeding, 2nd International Conference on Ash Technology and Marketing. London: Central Electricity Generating Board; 1984. p. 115–120.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson P, Srivivatnanon V, Khatri R. Development of high volume fly ash concrete for pavements. In: Proceeding, 16th ARRB Conference; 1992. p. 37–47. Perth, Australia: Australian Road Research Board.
   Google Scholar
• Arezoumandi , M , Volz , JS and Myers , JJ . 2012 . Shear behavior of high-volume fly ash concrete versus conventional concrete . Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering , doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000700
   Google Scholar
• Arezoumandi , M , Volz , JS , Ortega , CA and Myers , JJ . 2013 . Effect of total cementitious content on shear strength of high-volume fly ash concrete beams . Materials & Design , 46 : 301 – 309 .
   Google Scholar
• Arezoumandi , M , Wolfe , MH and Volz , JS . 2013 . A comparative study of the bond strength of reinforcing steel in high-volume fly ash concrete and conventional concrete . Construction and Building Materials , 40 : 919 – 924 .
   Google Scholar
• Lam , L , Wong , YL and Poon , CS . 1998 . Effect of fly ash and silica fume on compressive and fracture behaviors of concrete . Cement and Concrete Research , 28 ( 2 ) : 271 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , YL , Lam , L , Poon , CS and Zhou , FP . 1999 . Properties of fly ash-modified cement mortar-aggregate interfaces . Cement and Concrete Research , 29 ( 12 ) : 1905 – 1913 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentz DP. Powder additions to mitigate retardation in high-volume fly ash mixtures. ACI Materials Journal 2010;107(5):508–514.
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C 39/C 39M . 2012 . Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens , West Conshohocken , PA : ASTM . 7pp
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C 496/C 496M . 2011 . Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete , West Conshohocken , PA : ASTM . 5pp
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C 78/C 78M . 2010 . Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete (using simple beam with third-point loading , West Conshohocken , PA : ASTM . 4pp
   Google Scholar
• Hillerborg , A . 1985 . The theoretical basis of a method to determine the fracture energy GF of concrete . Materials and Structures , 18 ( 106 ) : 291 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• RILEM, 1985, TC 50-FMC, Fracture Mechanics of Concrete . 1985 . Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by means of three-point bend tests on notched beams . RILEM Recommendation, Materials and Structures , 18 ( 16 ) : 287 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C 512/C 512M . 2010 . Standard test method for creep of concrete in compression , West Conshohocken , PA : ASTM . 5pp
   Google Scholar
• ASTM C 157/C 157M . 2008 . Standard test method for length change of hardened hydraulic-cement mortar and concrete , West Conshohocken , PA : ASTM . 7pp
   Google Scholar
• ACI Committee 318 . 2011 . Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (ACI 318–11) , Farmington Hills , MI : American Concrete Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Neville , AM . 1997 . Properties of concrete , 4th ed. , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Kosmatka , SH and Wilson , ML . 2011 . Design and control of concrete mixtures , 15th ed. , Skokie, IL : Portlanld Cement Association .
   Google Scholar
• Bazant , ZP and Becq-Giraudon , E . 2002 . Statistical prediction of fracture parameters of concrete and implications for choice of testing standards . Cement and Concrete Research Journal , 32 ( 4 ) : 529 – 556 .
   Google Scholar
• Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Standard specification for concrete structure. JSCE No. 15; Tokyo; 2007. p. 154–159.
   Google Scholar
• CEB-FIP Model Code 2010-fib. 2012;1:120.
   Google Scholar
• Atis CD. High-volume fly ash concrete with high strength and low drying shrinkage. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2003;15(2):153–156.
   Google Scholar
• Bisallion , A , Rivest , M and Malhotra , VM . 1994 . Performance of high-volume fly ash concrete in large experimental monoliths . ACI Materials Journal , 91 ( 2 ) : 178 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• ACI Committee 209. Guide for modeling and calculating shrinkage and creep in hardened concrete (ACI 209.2R-08). Farmington Hills, MI: American Concrete Institute; 2008.
   Google Scholar