Biological hydrogen methanation systems – an overview of design and efficiency

References

• Bensmann B, Hanke-Rauschenbach R, Peña Arias IK, et al. Energetic evaluation of high pressure PEM electrolyzer systems for intermediate storage of renewable energies. Electrochim Acta [Internet]. 2013;110:570–580. [cited 2019 Apr 24]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013468613010256
   Google Scholar
• Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI). SEAI report. 2019. 52. Available from: https://www.seai.ie/resources/publications/Renewable-Energy-in-Ireland-2019.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wall DM, Dumont M, Murphy JD, editors. Green gas - facilitating a future green gas grid through the production of renewable gas [Internet]. 2018. Available from: http://task37.ieabioenergy.com/files/daten-redaktion/download/TechnicalBrochures/green_gas_web_end.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Liebetrau J, Reinelt T, Agostini A, et al. Methane emissions from biogas plants methods for measurement, results and effect on greenhouse gas balance of electricity produced [Internet]. IEA Bioenergy Task. 2017;37. Available from: https://www.ieabioenergy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Methane-Emission_web_end_small.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Members of IEA Bioenergy Task 37. Country report summaries [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://task37.ieabioenergy.com/
   Google Scholar
• Energiforsk. Biogas upgrading - technical review [Internet]. Energiforsk. 2016. Available from: https://energiforskning.dk/sites/energiteknologi.dk/files/slutrapporter/12164_final_report_p2g_biocat.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Angelidaki I, Treu L, Tsapekos P, et al. Biogas upgrading and utilization: current status and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv [Internet]. 2018;36:452–466. [cited 2019 Mar 22]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734975018300119
   Google Scholar
• Sun Q, Li H, Yan J, et al. Selection of appropriate biogas upgrading technology-a review of biogas cleaning, upgrading and utilisation. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev [Internet]. 2015;51:521–532. [cited 2019 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115006012
   Google Scholar
• IEA. Plant lists - IEA bioenergy task 37 [Internet]. IEA Bioenergy Task 372014. Available from: http://www.iea-biogas.net/plant-list.html
   Google Scholar
• Svenskt Gastekniskt CenterAB. Biogas upgrading: review of commercial technologies (SGC report 270/2013). 2013; Available from: http://www.sgc.se/ckfinder/userfiles/files/SGC270.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Voelklein MA, Rusmanis D, Murphy JD. Biological methanation: strategies for in-situ and ex-situ upgrading in anaerobic digestion. Appl Energy [Internet]. 2019;235:1061–1071. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261918317124
   Google Scholar
• European Parliament, Council of the European Union Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable resources (recast) Official Journal of the European Union [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Aug 26]. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/2001/oj
   Google Scholar
• McDonagh S, O’Shea R, Wall DM, et al. Modelling of a power-to-gas system to predict the levelised cost of energy of an advanced renewable gaseous transport fuel. Appl Energy [Internet]. 2018;215:444–456.
   Google Scholar
• Lecker B, Illi L, Lemmer A, et al. Biological hydrogen methanation – A review. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2017;245:1220–1228.
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura N, Kitaura S, Mimura A, et al. Growth of thermophilic methanogen KN-15 on H2-CO2 under batch and continuous conditions. J Ferment Bioeng [Internet]. 1991;72:280–284. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0922338X9190164C
   Google Scholar
• Gerhard E, Butsch BM, Marison IW, et al. Improved growth and methane production conditions for Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol [Internet]. 1993;40:432–437. [cited 2019 Apr 18]. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00170406
   Google Scholar
• Luo G, Johansson S, Boe K, et al. Simultaneous hydrogen utilization and in situ biogas upgrading in an anaerobic reactor. Biotechnol Bioeng [Internet]. 2012;109:1088–1094.
   Google Scholar
• Zoulias E, Varkaraki E, Lymberopoulos N, et al. Water electrolysis [Internet]. In: T. Ohta, editor. Solar-hydrogen energy systems. Elsevier; 1979. p. 35–58. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780080227139500094
   Google Scholar
• de Bucy. J The potential of power-to-gas [Internet]. 2016. Available from: http://www.enea-consulting.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ENEA-Consulting-The-potential-of-power-to-gas.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Oney F, Vezirolu T, Dulger Z. Evaluation of pipeline transportation of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures. Int J Hydrogen Energy [Internet]. 1994;19:813–822. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0360319994901988
   Google Scholar
• Svensson M. Biomethane standards: gas quality standardisation of biomethane, going from national to international [Internet]. Brussels: 2014. Available from: www.socalgas.com/documents/business/Rule30_BiomethaneGuidance.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Altfeld K, Pinchbeck D. Admissible hydrogen concentrations in natural gas systems. Gas Energy [Internet]. 2013 March:1–16. Available from: www.gas-for-energy.com
   Google Scholar
• EIGA - European Industrial Gases Association. Hydrogen Transportation Pipelines [Internet]. Brussels: European Industrial Gases Association; 2004. Available from: https://h2tools.org/sites/default/files/Doc121_04H2TransportationPipelines.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Murphy JD, Thamsiriroj T. What will fuel transport systems of the future? Mater Today [Internet]. 2011;14:518–524. [cited 2019 Aug 26]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702111702772
   Google Scholar
• Nejat Veziroglu T, Sherif SA, Barbir F. Hydrogen energy solutions [Internet]. In: Agardy FJ, Nemerow NL, editors. Environmental solutions. Elsevier; 2005. p. 143–180. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-088441-4.50008-3
   Google Scholar
• Strasse E Power-to-gas via biological catalysis (P2G-Biocat) [Internet]. 2014. Available from: https://energiforskning.dk/sites/energiteknologi.dk/files/slutrapporter/12164_final_report_p2g_biocat.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Danish Government. The Danish climate policy plan. Ministries Clim Energy Build [Internet]. 2013;1:61. Available from: https://ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/Analyser/danishclimatepolicyplan_uk.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Cheng L, Dai L, Li X, et al. Isolation and characterization of methanothermobacter crinale sp. nov., a novel hydrogenotrophic methanogen from the shengli oil field. Appl Environ Microbiol [Internet]. 2011;77:5212–5219. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00210-11
   Google Scholar
• Wasserfallen A, Nolling J, Pfister P, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of 18 thermophilic Methanobacterium isolates supports the proposals to create a new genus, Methanothermobacter gen. nov., and to reclassify several isolates in three species, Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus comb. nov., Methano. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol [Internet]. 2000;50:43–53. [cited 2019 Apr 24]. Available from: http://ijs.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/1099/00207713-50-1-43
   Google Scholar
• Kotelnikova SV, Obraztsova AY, Gongadze GM, et al. Methanobacterium thermoflexum sp. nov. and Methanobacterium defluvii sp. nov ., thermophilic rod-shaped methanogens isolated from anaerobic digestor sludge. Syst Appl Microbiol [Internet]. 1993;16:427–435. Available from:
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura K, Takahashi A, Mori C, et al. Methanothermobacter tenebrarum sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic, thermophilic methanogen isolated from gas-associated formation water of a natural gas field. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol [Internet]. 2013;63:715–722. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.041681-0
   Google Scholar
• Guneratnam AJ, Ahern E, FitzGerald JA, et al. Study of the performance of a thermophilic biological methanation system. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2017;225:308–315. [cited 2019 Aug 26]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852416315875
   Google Scholar
• Winter J, Lerp C, Zabel H-P, et al. Methanobacterium wolfei, sp. nov., a new tungsten-requiring, thermophilic, autotrophic methanogen. Syst Appl Microbiol [Internet]. 1984;5:457–466. [cited 2019 Aug 28]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S072320208480003X
   Google Scholar
• Rittmann S, Seifert A, Herwig C. Quantitative analysis of media dilution rate effects on Methanothermobacter marburgensis grown in continuous culture on H2 and CO2. Biomass Bioenergy [Internet]. 2012;36:293–301. [cited 2019 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0961953411005642?via%3Dihub
   Google Scholar
• Zabranska J, Pokorna D. Bioconversion of carbon dioxide to methane using hydrogen and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Biotechnol Adv [Internet]. 2018;36:707–720. [cited 2019 Feb 1]. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0734975017301556
   Google Scholar
• Orozco AM, Nizami AS, Murphy JD, et al. Optimizing the thermophilic hydrolysis of grass silage in a two-phase anaerobic digestion system. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2013;143:117–125. [cited 2019 May 28]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852413009085#b0095
   Google Scholar
• Voelklein MA, Rusmanis D, Murphy JD. Increased loading rates and specific methane yields facilitated by digesting grass silage at thermophilic rather than mesophilic temperatures. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2016;216:486–493. [cited 2019 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852416307684
   Google Scholar
• Fukuzaki S, Nishio N, Shobayashi M, et al. Inhibition of the fermentation of propionate to methane by hydrogen, acetate, and propionate. Appl Environ Microbiol [Internet]. 1990;56:719–723. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16348146
   Google Scholar
• Siriwongrungson V, Zeng RJ, Angelidaki I. Homoacetogenesis as the alternative pathway for H2 sink during thermophilic anaerobic degradation of butyrate under suppressed methanogenesis. Water Res [Internet]. 2007;41:4204–4210. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0043135407003399
   Google Scholar
• Luo G, Angelidaki I. Hollow fiber membrane based H2 diffusion for efficient in situ biogas upgrading in an anaerobic reactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol [Internet]. 2013;97:3739–3744. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-013-4811-3
   Google Scholar
• Burkhardt M, Koschack T, Busch G. Biocatalytic methanation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in an anaerobic three-phase system. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2015;178:330–333.
   Google Scholar
• Voelklein M, O’ Shea R, Jacob A, et al. Role of trace elements in single and two-stage digestion of food waste at high organic loading rates. Energy [Internet]. 2017;121:185–192. [cited 2019 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544217300099
   Google Scholar
• Zeikus JG, Wolfe RS. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicus sp. n., an anaerobic, autotrophic, extreme thermophile. J Bacteriol [Internet]. 1972;109:707–713. Available from: https://jb.asm.org/content/jb/109/2/707.full.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ferry JG. Biochemistry of Methanogenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol [Internet]. 1992;27:473–503. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3109/10409239209082570
   Google Scholar
• Winter J, Lerp C, Zabel H-P, et al. Methanobacterium wolfei, sp. nov., a new tungsten-requiring, thermophilic, autotrophic methanogen. Syst Appl Microbiol [Internet]. 1984;5:457–466. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S072320208480003X
   Google Scholar
• Schill N, van Gulik WM, Voisard D, et al. Continuous cultures limited by a gaseous substrate: development of a simple, unstructured mathematical model and experimental verification with Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. Biotechnol Bioeng [Internet]. 2000;51:645–658.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels L, Belay N, Mukhopadahyay B. Considerations for the use and large-scale growth of methanogenic bacteria. In: Scott CD, editor. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Biotechnology in Fuels and Chemicals. Biotechnology and Bioengineering symposium no. 14. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons inc., 1984;199–213.
   Google Scholar
• Peillex J-P, Fardeau M-L, Boussand R, et al. Growth of Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus in batch and continuous culture on H2 and CO2: influence of agitation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol [Internet]. 1988;29:560–564. [cited 2019 Jan 31]. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00260985
   Google Scholar
• Rachbauer L, Voitl G, Bochmann G, et al. Biological biogas upgrading capacity of a hydrogenotrophic community in a trickle-bed reactor. Appl Energy [Internet]. 2016;180:483–490. [cited 2019 Apr 16]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261916310388#b0055
   Google Scholar
• Ullrich T, Lindner J, Bär K, et al. Influence of operating pressure on the biological hydrogen methanation in trickle-bed reactors. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2018;247:7–13. [cited 2019 Mar 26]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852417316346
   Google Scholar
• Henry III William. Experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water, at different temperatures, and under different pressures. Philos Trans R Soc London [Internet]. 1803;93:29–274. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1803.0004
   Google Scholar
• Bernhardt G, Jaenicke R, Ludemann H, et al. High pressure enhances the growth rate of the thermophilic archaebacterium Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus without extending its temperature range. 1988; 54:1258–1261. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16347635
   Google Scholar
• Bassani I, Kougias PG, Treu L, et al. Biogas upgrading via hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in two-stage continuous stirred tank reactors at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Environ Sci Technol [Internet] 2015 [cited 2019 Apr 25]; 49:12585–12593.
   Google Scholar
• Kale MM, Singh KS. Comparison of a mesophilic and thermophilic novel sludge-bed anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating prehydrolysis liquor from a dissolving pulp mill. J Environ Eng [Internet]. 2016;142:04016030. [cited 2019 Apr 18]. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1061/%28ASCE%29EE.1943-7870.0001103
   Google Scholar
• Singh KS, Viraraghavan T, Karthikeyan S, et al. Low temperature start-up of UASB reactors for municipal wastewater treatment. In: Proceedings on 8th International Conference on Anaerobic Digestion. Sendai, Japan; 1997. p. 192–195.
   Google Scholar
• Lettinga G. Challenge of psychrophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment. Trends Biotechnol [Internet]. 2001;19:363–370. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167779901017012
   Google Scholar
• Cooper CM, Fernstrom GA, Miller SA. Performance of agitated gas-liquid contactors. Ind Eng Chem [Internet]. 1944;36:504–509. Available from: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/1021/ie50414a005
   Google Scholar
• Alfaro N, Fdz-Polanco M, Fdz-Polanco F, et al. Evaluation of process performance, energy consumption and microbiota characterization in a ceramic membrane bioreactor for ex-situ biomethanation of H2 and CO2. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2018;258:142–150. [cited 2019 Apr 12]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852418302840
   Google Scholar
• Bassani I, Kougias PG, Angelidaki I. In-situ biogas upgrading in thermophilic granular UASB reactor: key factors affecting the hydrogen mass transfer rate. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2016;221:485–491. Available from:
   Google Scholar
• Tesař V. Microbubble generation by fluidics. Part II: bubble formation mechanism. Inst Thermomechanics v.v.i, Acad Sci Czech Republic, Prague Abstr [Internet]. 2012; 1:1–25. Available from: http://www.it.cas.cz/files/u1868/tesar2_F.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Díaz I, Pérez C, Alfaro N, et al. A feasibility study on the bioconversion of CO2 and H2 to biomethane by gas sparging through polymeric membranes. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2015;185:246–253. [cited 2019 Apr 4]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852415003053?via%3Dihub
   Google Scholar
• Guiot SR, Cimpoia R, Carayon G. Potential of wastewater-treating anaerobic granules for biomethanation of synthesis gas. Environ Sci Technol [Internet]. 2011;45:2006–2012. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es102728m
   Google Scholar
• Peillex J-P, Fardeau M-L, Belaich J-P. Growth of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum on H2 -CO2: high CH4 productivities in continuous culture. Biomass [Internet]. 1990;21:315–321. [cited 2019 Feb 4]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0144456590900804?via%3Dihub
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura N, Kitaura S, Mimura A, et al. Cultivation of thermophilic methanogen KN-15 on H2-CO2 under pressurized conditions. J Ferment Bioeng [Internet]. 1992;73:477–480. [cited 2019 Jan 29]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0922338X9290141G
   Google Scholar
• Seifert AH, Rittmann S, Herwig C. Analysis of process related factors to increase volumetric productivity and quality of biomethane with Methanothermobacter marburgensis. Appl Energy [Internet]. 2014;132:155–162. [cited 2019 Jan 29]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914006643?via%3Dihub
   Google Scholar
• Savvas S, Donnelly J, Patterson T, et al. Biological methanation of CO2 in a novel biofilm plug-flow reactor: A high rate and low parasitic energy process. Appl Energy [Internet]. 2017;202:238–247. [cited 2019 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917306748
   Google Scholar
• Hoffmann RA, Garcia ML, Veskivar M, et al. Effect of shear on performance and microbial ecology of continuously stirred anaerobic digesters treating animal manure. Biotechnol Bioeng [Internet]. 2008;100:38–48.
   Google Scholar
• Carliell-Marquet C, Sindall R, Bridgeman J Effect of mixing speed on lab-scale anaerobic digester stability and biogas production (short paper and poster) [Internet]. 2013. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282849322_Effect_of_mixing_speed_on_lab-scale_anaerobic_digester_stability_and_biogas_production_short_paper_and_poster
   Google Scholar
• Luo G, Angelidaki I. Integrated biogas upgrading and hydrogen utilization in an anaerobic reactor containing enriched hydrogenotrophic methanogenic culture. Biotechnol Bioeng [Internet] 2012 [cited 2019 Mar 26]; 109:2729–2736.
   Google Scholar
• Martin MR, Fornero JJ, Stark R, et al. A single-culture bioprocess of Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus to upgrade digester biogas by CO2-to-CH4 conversion with H2. Archaea [Internet]. 2013;2013. [cited 2019 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/archaea/2013/157529/
   Google Scholar
• Yoon S, Chung JT, Kang YT. The particle hydrodynamic effect on the mass transfer in a buoyant CO2-bubble through the experimental and computational studies. Int J Heat Mass Transf [Internet]. 2014;73:399–409. [cited 2019 May 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931014001422
   Google Scholar
• Tesař V. Microbubble generation by fluidics. Part I: development of the oscillator. Inst Thermomechanics [ [Internet]]. 2012;1–13. Available from: http://www.it.cas.cz/files/u1868/tesar1_F.pdf%0Ahttp://147.231.32.3/files/u1868/tesar1_F.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Luo G, Angelidaki I. Co-digestion of manure and whey for in situ biogas upgrading by the addition of H2: process performance and microbial insights. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol [Internet]. 2013;97:1373–1381. [cited 2019 Apr 4]. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4547-5
   Google Scholar
• Wu C, Nesset K, Masliyah J, et al. Generation and characterization of submicron size bubbles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci [Internet]. 2012;179–182:123–132. [cited 2019 May 30]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001868612000942
   Google Scholar
• Russel WS, Scholten B Compositions containing nano-bubbles in a liquid carrier [Internet]. 2017; 1. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2017156410A1/en
   Google Scholar
• Ohnari H Swirling fine-bubble generator [Internet]. 2002; 1. Available from: https://patents.google.com/patent/US6382601/en
   Google Scholar
• Jamialahmadi M, Emadi M, Müller-Steinhagen H. Diffusion coefficients of methane in liquid hydrocarbons at high pressure and temperature. J Pet Sci Eng [Internet]. 2006;53:47–60. [cited 2019 Jul 2]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920410506000246?via%3Dihub
   Google Scholar
• Richardson EG. Supersonic vibrations and their applications. J R Soc Arts [Internet]. 1947;95:90–105. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41363337
   Google Scholar
• Alitalo A, Niskanen M, Aura E. Biocatalytic methanation of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a fixed bed bioreactor. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2015;196:600–605.
   Google Scholar
• Bugante EC, Shimomura Y, Tanaka T, et al. Methane production from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and monoxide in a column bioreactor of thermophilic methanogens by gas recirculation. J Ferment Bioeng [Internet]. 1989;67:419–421. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0922338X89901487
   Google Scholar
• Jee HS, Nishio N, Nagai S. Continuous CH4 Production from H2 and CO2 by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum in a fixed-bed reactor. J Ferment Technol [Internet]. 1988;66:235–238. [cited 2019 Mar 4]. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0385638088900544
   Google Scholar
• Orgill JJ, Atiyeh HK, Devarapalli M, et al. A comparison of mass transfer coefficients between trickle-bed, hollow fiber membrane and stirred tank reactors. Bioresour Technol [Internet]. 2013;133:340–346. [cited 2019 Apr 29]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852413001569
   Google Scholar
• Khanal SK, Giri B, Nitayavardhana S, et al. 10 - anaerobic bioreactors/digesters: design and development [Internet]. Elsevier B.V.; 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63665-2.00010-2
   Google Scholar
• Jee HS, Nishio N, Nagai S. CH4 production from H2 and CO2 by Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum cells fixed on hollow fibers. Biotechnol Lett [Internet]. 1988;10:243–248. [cited 2019 Apr 23]. DOI:http://link.springer.com/1007/BF01024413
   Google Scholar
• Hafenbradl D. Industrial scale biological methanation - learnings and insights [Internet]. In: Power2gas Conference. Copenhagen: Electrochaea GmbH; 2018. Available from: https://p2gconference.com/
   Google Scholar
• Energy N. Power-to-gas via biological catalysis WP9 : development of value maximizing strategy [Internet]. 2014. Available from: https://www.energiforskning.dk/sites/energiteknologi.dk/files/slutrapporter/12164_annex_2_p2g_biocat_-_development_of_value_maximizing_trading_strategy.pdf
   Google Scholar