Estimation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) reduction by utilization of algal biomass bioplastic in Malaysia using carbon emission pinch analysis (CEPA)

References

• Greenhouse gas emissions : sources of greenhouse gas emissions. US: United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); 2019. [Online]. Available from: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/sources/transportation.html
   Google Scholar
• Chen X, Shuai C, Wu Y, et al. Analysis on the carbon emission peaks of China’s industrial, building, transport, and agricultural sectors. Sci. Total Environ. 2020;709:135768.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. CO2 Emissions. The World Bank, 2017. [Online]. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.KT?view=chart%3E.
   Google Scholar
• Ambrose J. Carbon emissions from energy industry rise at fastest rate since 2011; BP report reveals swings in global temperatures are increasing use of fossil fuels. The Guardian, no. 1, pp. 1–4, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Gegg P, Wells V. UK macro-algae biofuels : a strategic management review and future research agenda. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017;5(32):32.
   Google Scholar
• Nomanbhay S, Salman B, Hussain R, et al. Microwave pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass––a contribution to power Africa. Energy Sustain Soc. 2017;7(23):1–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdul Latif NIS, Ong MY, Nomanbhay S. Hydrothermal liquefaction of Malaysian’s algal biomass for high-quality bio-oil production. Eng Life Sci. 2018 November;19:246–269. 2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posen ID, Paulina J, Amy EL, et al. Greenhouse gas mitigation for U.S. plastics production: energy first, feedstocks later. Environ Res Lett. 2017;12(3):34024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), “United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme 3/7. Marine litter and microplastics,” May 2015, pp. 1–51, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Macintosh A, Simpson A, Neeman T, et al. Plastic bag bans: lessons from the Australian capital territory. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2019 February;154:2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barret A. Malaysian government promotes bioplastics. Bioplastics News, Kuala Lumpur, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Rahim R. Ban plastic bag usage completely. The Star Online, pp. 10–12, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Escobar N, Haddad S, Britz W. Economic and environmental implications of a target for bioplastics consumption: A CGE analysis. 2018 Conference. Vancouver, British; 2018. p. 30.
   Google Scholar
• Gourmelon G. Global plastic production rises, recycling lags: new Worldwatch Institute analysis explores trends in global plastic consumption and recycling. Worldwatch Institute. 2015. p. 1–2.
   Google Scholar
• PlasticsEurope - association of plastics manufacturers, plastics – the facts 2017, PlasticsEurope 2017. Belgium; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Thielen M. BIOPLASTICS - plants and crops, raw materials, products. Gülzow-Prüzen: Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V (FNR); Agency of Renewable Resources; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Whitworth JJ. Bioplastics market will grow by more than 400 % by 2018. European Bioplastics Conference; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Tsang YF, Kumar V, Samadar P, et al. Production of bioplastic through food waste valorization. Environ. Int. 2019;127:625–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mee Chin C, Basri Wahid M, Kook Weng C. Availability and potential of biomass resources from the Malaysian palm oil industry for generating renewable energy**. oil palm bull. 2008;56(may):23–28.
   Google Scholar
• Saharan B, Sharma D. Bioplastics-for sustainable development : a review bioplastics-for sustainable development : a review.  Sustainable development by bioplastics and biofuels production. 2015;1(April):10–23.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang C, Show PL, Ho SH. Progress and perspective on algal plastics – a critical review. Bioresour Technol. 2019;289(June):121700.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soleymani M, Rosentrater K. Techno-economic analysis of biofuel production from macroalgae (Seaweed). Bioengineering. 2017;4(4):92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salman B, Nomanbhay S, Foo DCY. Carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA) for energy sector planning in Nigeria. Clean Technol Environ Policy. 2019;21(1):93–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel MK, Bastioli C, Marini L, et al. Life‐cycle assessment of bio‐based polymers and natural fiber composites. Pept Sci. 2005;10.
   Google Scholar
• Daft logic software. DaftLogic. [Online]. Available from: https://www.daftlogic.com/software.htm
   Google Scholar
• Google maps area calculator tool. DaftLogic. [Online]. Available from: https://www.daftlogic.com/projects-google-maps-area-calculator-tool.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Oilgae guide to fuels from macroalgae. India: Oilgae company; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Brennan P, Manuel G-P. Chapter 26 - pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: oil, char, and gas. In: Bioenergy biomass to biofuels. Washington; 2015. p. 413–442.
   Google Scholar
• Global bioplastics production capacities continue to grow despite low oil price. Berlin: European Bioplastic; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Omar NN, Mustafa IS, Abdullah N, et al. The use of environmentally friendly bio-oil in the production of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. Pertanika J Sci Technol. 2018;26(1):177–192.
   Google Scholar
• Ferdouse F, Holdt SL, Smith R, et al. The global status of seaweed production, trade and utilization. FAO Globefish Res Program. 2018;124:120.
   Google Scholar
• Sade A, Ali I, Mohd Ariff MR. The Seaweed industry in Sabah, East Malaysia. J Southeast Asian Stud. 2006;11(1):97–107.
   Google Scholar
• Hussin H, Khoso A. Seaweed cultivation and coastal communities in Malaysia : an overview. Asian Fisheries Science. 2017;30:87–100.
   Google Scholar
• Riatiga B. Production efficiency of seaweed farming in Tarakan North Kalimantan. Agro Ekon. 2017;28(1):80.
   Google Scholar