GIT1 overexpression promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

References

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:7–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villanueva A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1450–1462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurje I, Czigany Z, Bednarsch J, et al. Treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (-) a multidisciplinary approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20. DOI:10.3390/ijms20061465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong JH, Ma L, Li LQ. Postoperative therapy options for hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2014;49:649–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzola A, Costantino A, Petta S, et al. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: an update. Futur Oncol. 2015;11:2923–2936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoefen RJ, Berk BC. The multifunctional GIT family of proteins. J Cell Sci. 2006;119:1469–1475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Premont RT, Claing A, Vitale N, et al. beta2-Adrenergic receptor regulation by GIT1, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-associated ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:14082–14087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martyn AC, Toth K, Schmalzigaug R, et al. GIT1 regulates synaptic structural plasticity underlying learning. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0194350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li YS, Qin LX, Liu J, et al. GIT1 enhances neurite outgrowth by stimulating microtubule assembly. Neural Regen Res. 2016;11:427–434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiuza M, Gonzalez-Gonzalez I, Perez-Otano I. GluN3A expression restricts spine maturation via inhibition of GIT1/Rac1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:20807–20812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won H, Mah W, Kim E, et al. GIT1 is associated with ADHD in humans and ADHD-like behaviors in mice. Nat Med. 2011;17:566–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang J, Xu X, Wang X, et al. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 mediates intima formation by regulating vascular smooth muscle proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Arter Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013;33:999–1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang J, Hoefen R, Pryhuber GS, et al. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 is required for pulmonary vascular development. Circulation. 2009;119:1524–1532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen P, Gu WL, Gong MZ, et al. GIT1 gene deletion delays chondrocyte differentiation and healing of tibial plateau fracture through suppressing proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocyte. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18:320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manabe R, Kovalenko M, Webb DJ, et al. GIT1 functions in a motile, multi-molecular signaling complex that regulates protrusive activity and cell migration. J Cell Sci. 2002;115:1497–1510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penela P, Nogues L, Mayor F Jr. Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinases in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2014;27:10–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson E, Leszczynska K, Poulter NS, et al. RhoJ interacts with the GIT-PIX complex and regulates focal adhesion disassembly. J Cell Sci. 2014;127:3039–3051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang N, Cai W, Yin G, et al. GIT1 is a novel MEK1-ERK1/2 scaffold that localizes to focal adhesions. Cell Biol Int. 2009;34:41–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Tang P, Zhou Z, et al. GIT1 regulates angiogenic factor secretion in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via NF-kappaB/Notch signalling to promote angiogenesis. Cell Prolif. 2019;52:e12689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang LQ, Zhao GZ, Xu XY, et al. Integrin-beta1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis through the upregulation of GIT1 expression. Int J Mol Med. 2015;35:1074–1080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao SJ, Kong FQ, Cai W, et al. GIT1 contributes to autophagy in osteoclast through disruption of the binding of Beclin1 and Bcl2 under starvation condition. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:1195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang WC, Chan SH, Jang TH, et al. miRNA-491-5p and GIT1 serve as modulators and biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res. 2014;74:751–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang JS, Su CY, Yu WH, et al. GIT1 promotes lung cancer cell metastasis through modulating Rac1/Cdc42 activity and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget. 2015;6:36278–36291.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dong Y, Chang C, Liu J, et al. Targeting of GIT1 by miR-149* in breast cancer suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Onco Targets Ther. 2017;10:5873–5882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao LY, Tong DD, Xue M, et al. MeCP2, a target of miR-638, facilitates gastric cancer cell proliferation through activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway by upregulating GIT1. Oncogenesis. 2017;6:e368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Wu X, Liu Z, et al. Integrin-mediated signaling via Paxillin-GIT1-PIX promotes localized Rac activation at the leading edge and cell migration. J Cancer. 2020;11:345–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Za L, Albertinazzi C, Paris S, et al. betaPIX controls cell motility and neurite extension by regulating the distribution of GIT1. J Cell Sci. 2006;119:2654–2666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang N, Hu Z, Yin G. [Mechanism of G protein coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 RNA hairpin inhibiting osteoblasts migration]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2007;21:1–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Majumder S, Sowden MP, Gerber SA, et al. G-protein-coupled receptor-2-interacting protein-1 is required for endothelial cell directional migration and tumor angiogenesis via cortactin-dependent lamellipodia formation. Arter Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:419–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Z, Hu P, Xiong J, et al. GIT1 reduces the growth, invasion, and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:6445–6455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye X, Chen X. miR-149-5p inhibits cell proliferation and invasion through targeting GIT1 in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2019;17:372–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, et al. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell. 2009;139:871–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Wang Q, Wen R, et al. MiR-138 inhibits cell proliferation and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting GIT1 and SEMA4C. J Cell Mol Med. 2015;19:2793–2805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin G, Zheng Q, Yan C, et al. GIT1 is a scaffold for ERK1/2 activation in focal adhesions. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:27705–27712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz KJ, Wohlschlaeger J, Lang H, et al. Activation of the ERK and AKT signalling pathway predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and ERK activation in cancer tissue is associated with hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 2008;48:83–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar